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Koca RO, Gormus ZIS, Solak H, Koc A, Kılınc İ, İyisoy MS, Kutlu S. How does neurokinin 3 receptor agonism affect pathological and cognitive impairments in an Alzheimer's disease-like rat model? Amino Acids 2023; 55:481-498. [PMID: 36745246 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accepted as a form of progressive dementia. Cholinergic systems are commonly affected in AD. Neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) is involved in learning memory-related processes. It is known that the activation of NK3R affects the release of many neurotransmitters. The aim of this project was to investigate the effects of NK3R agonist senktide administration on neurobehavioral mechanisms in the experimental AD-like rat model. 50 male Wistar albino rats were divided into Control (C), AD, Control + NK3R agonist (CS), AD + NK3R agonist (ADS), AD + NK3Ragonist + antagonist groups (ADSO). We designed AD-like model by intrahippocampal administration of Aβ1-42. After NK3R agonist + antagonist injections, open field (OF), Morris water maze (MWM) tests were applied. Cholinergic mechanism analysis from hippocampus-cortex tissues was performed by ELISA and catecholamine analysis from brain stem tissue were performed by HPLC method. The transitions from edge to center, rearing, grooming parameters were found to be reduced in final values of OF. While the group-time interaction was significant in the OF test findings, there was no significant difference between the groups. In MWM test, ADS group showed a learning level close to control group and animals in AD and ADSO groups could not learn target quadrant in MWM test. The brain stem NA and DA concentrations were not statistically significant. Hippocampal AChE-ChAT levels were supported by positive effects of senktide on learning via the cholinergic mechanisms. As a result, NK3R agonists were found to be effective in improving cognitive functions in rats with AD pathology. In the experimental AD model, positive effects of NK3R on learning memory may be mediated by cholinergic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviye Ozen Koca
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Z Isik Solak Gormus
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Solak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Science University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Aynur Koc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Kılınc
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sinan İyisoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Selim Kutlu
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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2
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Huston JP, Chao OY. Probing the nature of episodic memory in rodents. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104930. [PMID: 36544301 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory (EM) specifies the experience of retrieving information of an event at the place and time of occurrence. Whether non-human animals are capable of EM remains debated, whereas evidence suggests that they have a memory system akin to EM. We here trace the development of various behavioral paradigms designed to study EM in non-human animals, in particular the rat. We provide an in-depth description of the available behavioral tests which combine three spontaneous object exploration paradigms, namely novel object preference (for measuring memory for "what"), novel location preference (for measuring memory for "where") and temporal order memory (memory for "when"), into a single trial to gauge a memory akin to EM. Most important, we describe a variation of such a test in which each memory component interacts with the others, demonstrating an integration of diverse mnemonic information. We discuss why a behavioral model of EM must be able to assess the ability to integrate "what", "where" and "when" information into a single experience. We attempt an interpretation of the various tests and review the studies that have applied them in areas such as pharmacology, neuroanatomy, circuit analysis, and sleep. Finally, we anticipate future directions in the search for neural mechanisms of EM in the rat and outline model experiments and methodologies in this pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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3
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Dias ALA, de Oliveira Golzio AMF, de Lima Santos BH, da Silva Stiebbe Salvadori MG, Dos Santos SG, da Silva MS, de Almeida RN, Barbosa FF. Post-learning caffeine administration improves 'what-when' and 'what-where' components of episodic-like memory in rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 433:113982. [PMID: 35779707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Episodic-like memory (ELM) consists in the capacity of nonhuman animals to remember 'where' and 'when' a specific episode occurred ('what'). Previous studies have showed that Wistar rats can form an ELM, but not after a 24 h retention delay. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that caffeine can improve episodic memory consolidation in humans. Therefore, we verified whether acute post-sample caffeine administration could improve ELM consolidation in Wistar rats, as well if it could be related to neurochemical changes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus - regions related to episodic-like memory processing. 46 Male Wistar Rats, approximately 3 months-old, were divided into four groups as follows: untreated (n = 11), saline (n = 11), caffeine 10 mg ∕kg i.p (n = 12); caffeine 15 mg∕kgi.p (n = 12) and tested in WWWhen/ELM task. The animals treated with caffeine in different dosages (10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg) discriminated temporally and spatially the objects, respectively. These groups also showed a dopamine renewal rate in the hippocampus, suggesting that there was an increase in the turnover compared with the groups with no caffeine administration. We can conclude that caffeine leads to an improvement in the consolidation of the temporal ('what-when') and spatial ('what-where') aspects of episodic-like memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mirian Graciela da Silva Stiebbe Salvadori
- Departamento de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociência Cognitiva e Comportamento, Centro de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Sócrates Golzio Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Nóbrega de Almeida
- Programa de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Flavio Freitas Barbosa
- Departamento de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociência Cognitiva e Comportamento, Centro de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil.
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4
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Florido A, Moreno E, Canela EI, Andero R. Nk3R blockade has sex-divergent effects on memory in mice. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:28. [PMID: 35690790 PMCID: PMC9188709 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Memory consolidation is a process required for the formation of long-term memories. The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) neurokinin-3-receptor (Nk3R) and its interactions with sex hormones seem important for the modulation of fear memory consolidation: Nk3R antagonism in male mice impairs fear memory, but enhances it in females. However, the involvement of the Nk3R as a modulator of other memories in both sexes remains unexplored. Methods We use the novel object recognition paradigm to test the effect of a systemic blockade of Nk3R during memory consolidation. Further, we assess the expression of estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β, and androgen receptor and heterodimerization with Nk3R in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dorsal hippocampus (DH) of mice. Results Nk3R systemic antagonism elicited decreased memory consolidation in males while it enhanced it in females during proestrus. Nk3R analysis in the different subregions of the mPFC and the DH showed a higher expression in males than females. Moreover, females presented upregulation of the androgen receptor in the CA1 and the estrogen receptor beta in the cingulate cortex, CA1, and dentate gyrus. Overall, males presented an upregulation of the estrogen receptor alpha. We also explored the heterodimerization of GCPR membrane sex hormone receptors with the Nk3R. We found a higher percentage of Nk3R-membrane G-protein estrogen receptors heterodimers in the prelimbic cortex of the mPFC in females, suggesting an interaction of estradiol with Nk3R in memory consolidation. However, males presented a higher percentage of Nk3R-membrane G-protein androgen receptors heterodimers compared to females, pointing to an interaction of testosterone with Nk3R in memory consolidation. Conclusion These data propose novel ideas on functional interactions between Nk3R, sex hormones, estrogen receptors, and androgen receptors in memory consolidation. Nk3R antagonism reduces recognition memory consolidation in male mice and increases it in proestrus females. Androgen receptor expression is higher in the CA1 compared to DG, CA3, and the mPFC. Estrogen repcetor α expression is higher in males than in females in the DH and mPFC. Estrogen receptor β expression is greater in females than in males in the DG, CA1, and CG. Over 60% of Nk3R in the DH and mPFC is heterodimerized with membrane estrogen receptor and androgen receptor. Nk3R–GPAR is more abundant in males than in proestrus females, whereas Nk3R–GPER is greater in proestrus females compared to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Florido
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona i Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric I Canela
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona i Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raül Andero
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Unitat de Neurociència Translacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Al Abed AS, Reynolds NJ, Dehorter N. A Second Wave for the Neurokinin Tac2 Pathway in Brain Research. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:156-164. [PMID: 33867115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite promising advances in basic research of the neurokinin B/Tac2 pathway in both animals and humans, clinical applications are yet to be implemented. This is likely because of our limited understanding of the action of the pathway in the brain. While this system controls neuronal activity in multiple regions, the precise impact of Tac2-induced cellular responses on behavior remains unclear. Recently, elegant studies revealed a key contribution to stress-related behaviors and memory. Here, we discuss the crucial importance of bridging the gap between the Tac2 pathway's involvement in cell physiology and cognition to comprehend its role in health and disease. We propose that a better understanding of the Tac2 pathway in the brain could provide an essential perspective for basic investigations, which in turn will feed clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shaam Al Abed
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nathan J Reynolds
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nathalie Dehorter
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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6
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de França Malheiros MAS, Castelo-Branco R, de Medeiros PHS, de Lima Marinho PE, da Silva Rodrigues Meurer Y, Barbosa FF. Conspecific Presence Improves Episodic-Like Memory in Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:572150. [PMID: 33519391 PMCID: PMC7844209 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.572150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have provided evidence that animals, including rats, remember past episodes. However, few experiments have addressed episodic-like memory from a social perspective. In the present study, we evaluated Wistar rats in the WWWhen/ELM task as single setups and in dyads, applying a long retention interval. We also investigated behaviors that could subserve the emergence of this type of memory. We found that only rats tested in the social setting were able to recollect an integrated episodic-like memory that lasted 24 h. Additionally, rats in dyads presented higher levels of exploration during the task. When exposed to the testing environment, the dyads exhibited affiliative behavior toward each other and presented fewer anxiety-like responses. Our findings indicate that the presence of a conspecific could act as a facilitating factor in memory evaluations based on spontaneous exploration of objects and provide empirical support for applying more naturalistic settings in investigations of episodic-like memory in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Augustta Sobral de França Malheiros
- Laboratory of Psychopharmaology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Rochele Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Psychopharmaology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Santos de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Psychopharmaology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Pedro Emmílio de Lima Marinho
- Laboratory of Psychopharmaology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ywlliane da Silva Rodrigues Meurer
- Laboratory of Psychopharmaology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Flávio Freitas Barbosa
- Laboratory of Psychopharmaology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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7
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The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:373-407. [PMID: 32298711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rats and mice have been demonstrated to show episodic-like memory, a prototype of episodic memory, as defined by an integrated memory of the experience of an object or event, in a particular place and time. Such memory can be assessed via the use of spontaneous object exploration paradigms, variably designed to measure memory for object, place, temporal order and object-location inter-relationships. We review the methodological properties of these tests, the neurobiology about time and discuss the evidence for the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus, with respect to their anatomy, neurotransmitter systems and functional circuits. The systematic analysis suggests that a specific circuit between the mPFC, lateral EC and hippocampus encodes the information for event, place and time of occurrence into the complex episodic-like memory, as a top-down regulation from the mPFC onto the hippocampus. This circuit can be distinguished from the neuronal component memory systems for processing the individual information of object, time and place.
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8
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Exploring the involvement of Tac2 in the mouse hippocampal stress response through gene networking. Gene 2019; 696:176-185. [PMID: 30769143 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tachykinin 2 (Tac2) is expressed in a number of areas throughout the brain, including the hippocampus. However, knowledge about its function has been only well explored in the hypothalamus in the context of reproductive health. In this study, we identified and validated increased hippocampal Tac2 mRNA expression in response to chronic mild stress in mice. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis showed Tac2 is cis-regulated in the hippocampus. Using a systems genetics approach, we constructed a Tac2 co-expression network to better understand the relationship between Tac2 and the hippocampal stress response. Our network identified 69 total genes associated with Tac2, several of which encode major neuropeptides involved in hippocampal stress signaling as well as critical genes for producing neural plasticity, indicating that Tac2 is involved in these processes. Pathway analysis for the member of Tac2 gene network revealed a strong connection between Tac2 and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, as well as cardiac muscle contraction. In addition, we also identified 46 stress-related phenotypes, specifically fear conditioning response, that were significantly correlated with Tac2 expression. Our results provide evidence for Tac2 as a strong candidate gene who likely plays a role in hippocampal stress processing and neural plasticity.
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9
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Episodic-like memory impairment induced by sub-anaesthetic doses of ketamine. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:165-171. [PMID: 30359643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Episodic-like memory refers to integration of where and when a certain event (what) happened. The glutamatergic neurotransmission, particularly AMPA and NMDA receptors, in the dorsal hippocampus mediates episodic recall. Ketamine is a non-competitive NMDA antagonist with effect on cognitive performance and plasticity. The goal of this study was to evaluate the acute action of ketamine on behavioural and neurochemical aspects of episodic-like memory (WWWhen/ELM task) through immediate-early gene expression (IEG), c-Fos, in the dorsal hippocampus. Animals received saline 0.9% or ketamine at 8 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg (i.p.) immediately after the second sample. Our data indicate that untreated and saline rats integrate the three elements of episodic-like memory. Conversely, animals treated with ketamine showed impairment of ELM formation. In addition, the highest dose of ketamine increased c-Fos expression in dorsal CA1 subregion when compared to saline rats. Our results indicate that the antagonism of NMDA concurrently impair ELM formation of all three aspects of ELM and increase neuronal activation in dorsal CA1.
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10
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Lénárd L, László K, Kertes E, Ollmann T, Péczely L, Kovács A, Kállai V, Zagorácz O, Gálosi R, Karádi Z. Substance P and neurotensin in the limbic system: Their roles in reinforcement and memory consolidation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 85:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Substance P signalling in primary motor cortex facilitates motor learning in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189812. [PMID: 29281692 PMCID: PMC5744944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the genes that are up-regulated in response to a reaching training in rats, Tachykinin 1 (Tac1)-a gene that encodes the neuropeptide Substance P (Sub P)-shows an especially strong expression. Using Real-Time RT-PCR, a detailed time-course of Tac1 expression could be defined: a significant peak occurs 7 hours after training ended at the first and second training session, whereas no up-regulation could be detected at a later time-point (sixth training session). To assess the physiological role of Sub P during movement acquisition, microinjections into the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the trained paw were performed. When Sub P was injected before the first three sessions of a reaching training, effectiveness of motor learning became significantly increased. Injections at a time-point when rats already knew the task (i.e. training session ten and eleven) had no effect on reaching performance. Sub P injections did not influence the improvement of performance within a single training session, but retention of performance between sessions became strengthened at a very early stage (i.e. between baseline-training and first training session). Thus, Sub P facilitates motor learning in the very early phase of skill acquisition by supporting memory consolidation. In line with these findings, learning related expression of the precursor Tac1 occurs at early but not at later time-points during reaching training.
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12
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Drieskens DC, Neves LR, Pugliane KC, de Souza IBMB, Lima ÁDC, Salvadori MGDSS, Ribeiro AM, Silva RH, Barbosa FF. CA1 inactivation impairs episodic-like memory in rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 145:28-33. [PMID: 28843666 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory was initially believed to be unique to humans. However, studies demonstrate that nonhuman species discriminate items based on the triad what, where and when. Here we addressed the role of the dorsal hippocampal subfield CA1 in an integrative what-where-when task in Wistar rats. We performed bilateral inactivation of dorsal CA1 with the GABAA agonist muscimol previously to the task. As expected, sham-operated animals recollected an integrative memory for objects (what), their places (where) and temporal order (when). However, the inactivation of CA1 impaired the performance of the three components of episodic-like memory. In addition, total time of objects exploration and distance traveled were not different between groups, indicating that rats had similar levels of motivation, thus, alterations in exploration does not account for impaired locomotor performance. Altogether, our data provides evidence that CA1 plays an important role in episodic-like memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Carvalho Drieskens
- Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Brain Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Lívia Rodrigues Neves
- Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Karen Cristina Pugliane
- Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Brasilino Montenegro Bento de Souza
- Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Álvaro da Costa Lima
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Graciela da Silva Stiebbe Salvadori
- Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Helena Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Freitas Barbosa
- Memory and Cognition Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
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13
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Amygdala-Dependent Molecular Mechanisms of the Tac2 Pathway in Fear Learning. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2714-22. [PMID: 27238620 PMCID: PMC5026739 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently we determined that activation of the tachykinin 2 (Tac2) pathway in the central amygdala (CeA) is necessary and sufficient for the modulation of fear memories. The Tac2 pathway includes the Tac2 gene, which encodes the neuropeptide neurokinin B and its corresponding receptor neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R). In this study, using Tac2-cre and Tac2-GFP mice, we applied a combination of in vivo (optogenetics) and multiple in vitro techniques to further explore the mechanisms of action within the Tac2 pathway. In transgenic mice that express ChR2 solely in Tac2 neurons, in vivo optogenetic stimulation of CeA Tac2-expressing neurons during fear acquisition enhanced fear memory consolidation and drove action potential firing in vitro. In addition, Tac2-CeA neurons were shown to co-express striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase, which may have an important role in regulating Nk3R signaling during fear conditioning. These data extend our current understanding for the underlying mechanism(s) for the role of the Tac2 pathway in the regulation of fear memory, which may serve as a new therapeutic target in the treatment of fear-related disorders.
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14
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Breeden P, Dere D, Zlomuzica A, Dere E. The mental time travel continuum: on the architecture, capacity, versatility and extension of the mental bridge into the past and future. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:421-34. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMental time travel (MTT) is the ability to remember past events and to anticipate or imagine events in the future. MTT globally serves to optimize decision-making processes, improve problem-solving capabilities and prepare for future needs. MTT is also essential in providing our concept of self, which includes knowledge of our personality, our strengths and weaknesses, as well as our preferences and aversions. We will give an overview in which ways the capacity of animals to perform MTT is different from humans. Based on the existing literature, we conclude that MTT might represent a quantitative rather than qualitative entity with a continuum of MTT capacities in both humans and nonhuman animals. Given its high complexity, MTT requires a large processing capacity in order to integrate multimodal stimuli during the reconstruction of past and/or future events. We suggest that these operations depend on a highly specialized working memory subsystem, ‘the MTT platform’, which might represent a necessary additional component in the multi-component working memory model by Alan Baddeley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescott Breeden
- 1Canine Science Collaboratory, ASU, Office SCOB 366, Society for the Promotion of Applied Research in Canine Science (SPARCS), Education & Research in Canine Science, 2400 Elliott Ave, Apt 411, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Dorothea Dere
- 2Georg Elias Müller Institute for Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Georg August University of Göttingen, Goßlerstr. 14, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Concurrent assessment of memory for object and place: Evidence for different preferential importance of perirhinal cortex and hippocampus and for promnestic effect of a neurokinin-3 R agonist. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 130:149-58. [PMID: 26899993 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We here explore the utility of a paradigm that allows the simultaneous assessment of memory for object (what) and object location (where) and their comparative predominance. Two identical objects are presented during a familiarity trial; during the test trial one of these is displaced, and a new object is presented in a familiar location. When tested 5 or 80min later, rats explored both the novel and the displaced objects more than two familiar stationary objects, indicating intact memory for both, object and place. When tested 24h later rats explored the novel object more than the displaced familiar one, suggesting that forgetting differently influenced object and place memory, with memory for object being more robust than memory for place. Animals that received post-trial administration of the neurokinin-3 receptor agonist senktide and were tested 24h later, now explored the novel and displaced objects equally, suggesting that the treatment prevented the selective decay of memory for location. Next, animals received NMDA lesions in either the perirhinal cortex or the hippocampus, which are hypothesized to be preferentially involved in memory for objects and memory for place, respectively. When tested 5 or 80min later, the perirhinal cortex lesion group explored the displaced object more, indicating relatively deficient object memory, while the hippocampal lesion led to the opposite pattern, demonstrating comparatively deficient place memory. These results suggest different preferential engagement of the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus in their processing of memory for object and place. This preference test lends itself to application in the comparison of selective lesions of neural sites and projection systems as well as to the assessment of possible preferential action of pharmacological agents on neurochemical processes that subserve object vs place learning.
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16
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Zlomuzica A, Preusser F, Totzeck C, Dere E, Margraf J. The impact of different emotional states on the memory for what, where and when features of specific events. Behav Brain Res 2016; 298:181-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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A critical appraisal of the what-where-when episodic-like memory test in rodents: Achievements, caveats and future directions. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 130:71-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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18
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Belblidia H, Abdelouadoud A, Jozet-Alves C, Dumas H, Freret T, Leger M, Schumann-Bard P. Time decay of object, place and temporal order memory in a paradigm assessing simultaneously episodic-like memory components in mice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 286:80-4. [PMID: 25732955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A common trait of numerous memory disorders is the impairment of episodic memory. Episodic memory is a delay-dependant memory, especially associating three components, the "what", "where" and "when" of a unique event. To investigate underlying mechanisms of such memory, several tests, mainly based on object exploration behaviour, have been set up in rodents. Recently, a three-trial object recognition task has been proposed to evaluate simultaneously the different components of episodic-like memory in rodents. However, to date, the time course of each memory component in this paradigm is not known. We characterised here the time course of memory decay in adult mice during the three-trial object recognition task, with inter-trial interval (ITI) ranging from 1h to 4h. We found that, with 1h and 2h, but not 4h ITI, mice spent more time to explore the displaced "old object" relative to the displaced "recent object", reflecting memory for "what and when". Concomitantly, animals exhibited more exploration time for the displaced "old object" relative to the stationary "old object", reflecting memory for "what and where". These results provide strong evidence that mice establish an integrated memory for unique experience consisting of the "what", "where" and "when" that can persist until 2h ITI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassina Belblidia
- Normandie Universités, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France; Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Comportementales et Cognitives, 16111 Alger, Algeria
| | - Abdelmalek Abdelouadoud
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Comportementales et Cognitives, 16111 Alger, Algeria
| | - Christelle Jozet-Alves
- Normandie Universités, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Hélène Dumas
- Normandie Universités, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Freret
- Normandie Universités, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Marianne Leger
- Normandie Universités, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Pascale Schumann-Bard
- Normandie Universités, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc), EA 4259, F-14032 Caen, France.
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