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Attarian S, Beloribi-Djefaflia S, Bernard R, Nguyen K, Cances C, Gavazza C, Echaniz-Laguna A, Espil C, Evangelista T, Feasson L, Audic F, Zagorda B, Milhe De Bovis V, Stojkovic T, Sole G, Salort-Campana E, Sacconi S. French National Protocol for diagnosis and care of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). J Neurol 2024; 271:5778-5803. [PMID: 38955828 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is one of the most common genetically inherited myopathies in adults. It is characterized by incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Typically, FSHD patients display asymmetric weakness of facial, scapular, and humeral muscles that may progress to other muscle groups, particularly the abdominal and lower limb muscles. Early-onset patients display more severe muscle weakness and atrophy, resulting in a higher frequency of associated skeletal abnormalities. In these patients, multisystem involvement, including respiratory, ocular, and auditory, is more frequent and severe and may include the central nervous system. Adult-onset FSHD patients may also display some degree of multisystem involvement which mainly remains subclinical. In 95% of cases, FSHD patients carry a pathogenic contraction of the D4Z4 repeat units (RUs) in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4 (4q35), which leads to the expression of DUX4 retrogene, toxic for muscles (FSHD1). Five percent of patients display the same clinical phenotype in association with a mutation in the SMCHD1 gene located in chromosome 18, inducing epigenetic modifications of the 4q D4Z4 repeated region and expression of DUX4 retrogene. This review highlights the complexities and challenges of diagnosing and managing FSHD, underscoring the importance of standardized approaches for optimal patient outcomes. It emphasizes the critical role of multidisciplinary care in addressing the diverse manifestations of FSHD across different age groups, from skeletal abnormalities in early-onset cases to the often-subclinical multisystem involvement in adults. With no current cure, the focus on alleviating symptoms and slowing disease progression through coordinated care is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Attarian
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders and ALS, Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
- FILNEMUS, European Reference Network for Rare Diseases (ERN-NMD), Marseille, France.
- Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille Université-Inserm UMR_1251, 13005, Marseille, France.
| | - Sadia Beloribi-Djefaflia
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders and ALS, Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Rafaelle Bernard
- Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille Université-Inserm UMR_1251, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Nguyen
- Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille Université-Inserm UMR_1251, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Claude Cances
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Toulouse Children's Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Toulouse Children's Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Carole Gavazza
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders and ALS, Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Andoni Echaniz-Laguna
- Department of Neurology, APHP, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Inserm U1195, University Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Caroline Espil
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders AOC, Children's Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Teresinha Evangelista
- Institute of Myology, Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Léonard Feasson
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital Center of Saint-Etienne, 42000, Saint-Etienne, France
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, Jean Monnet University, 42000, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Frédérique Audic
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases in Children PACARARE, Neuropediatrics Department, Timone University Children's Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Berenice Zagorda
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital Center of Saint-Etienne, 42000, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Virginie Milhe De Bovis
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders and ALS, Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Institute of Myology, Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Sole
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, FILNEMUS, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuelle Salort-Campana
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders and ALS, Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sabrina Sacconi
- Peripheral Nervous System and Muscle Department, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, Pasteur 2, Nice Hospital, France.
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Mohar NP, Cox EM, Adelizzi E, Moore SA, Mathews KD, Darbro BW, Wallrath LL. The Influence of a Genetic Variant in CCDC78 on LMNA-Associated Skeletal Muscle Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4930. [PMID: 38732148 PMCID: PMC11084688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene-encoding A-type lamins can cause Limb-Girdle muscular dystrophy Type 1B (LGMD1B). This disease presents with weakness and wasting of the proximal skeletal muscles and has a variable age of onset and disease severity. This variability has been attributed to genetic background differences among individuals; however, such variants have not been well characterized. To identify such variants, we investigated a multigeneration family in which affected individuals are diagnosed with LGMD1B. The primary genetic cause of LGMD1B in this family is a dominant mutation that activates a cryptic splice site, leading to a five-nucleotide deletion in the mature mRNA. This results in a frame shift and a premature stop in translation. Skeletal muscle biopsies from the family members showed dystrophic features of variable severity, with the muscle fibers of some family members possessing cores, regions of sarcomeric disruption, and a paucity of mitochondria, not commonly associated with LGMD1B. Using whole genome sequencing (WGS), we identified 21 DNA sequence variants that segregate with the family members possessing more profound dystrophic features and muscle cores. These include a relatively common variant in coiled-coil domain containing protein 78 (CCDC78). This variant was given priority because another mutation in CCDC78 causes autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy-4, which causes cores in addition to centrally positioned nuclei. Therefore, we analyzed muscle biopsies from family members and discovered that those with both the LMNA mutation and the CCDC78 variant contain muscle cores that accumulated both CCDC78 and RyR1. Muscle cores containing mislocalized CCDC78 and RyR1 were absent in the less profoundly affected family members possessing only the LMNA mutation. Taken together, our findings suggest that a relatively common variant in CCDC78 can impart profound muscle pathology in combination with a LMNA mutation and accounts for variability in skeletal muscle disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P. Mohar
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (N.P.M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Efrem M. Cox
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (S.A.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, UNLV School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Emily Adelizzi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (N.P.M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Steven A. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (S.A.M.)
| | - Katherine D. Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Benjamin W. Darbro
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (N.P.M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Lori L. Wallrath
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (N.P.M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Cotta A, Paim JF, Carvalho E, Valicek J, da Cunha Junior AL, Navarro MM, Vargas AP, Lima MI, de Almeida CF, Takata RI, Vainzof M. LMNA-Related Muscular Dystrophy with Clinical Intrafamilial Variability. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:623-627. [PMID: 31410651 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The LMNA gene is associated to a huge broad of phenotypes, including congenital Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and late-onset LMNA-related muscular dystrophy. In these forms, muscle weakness, contractures, and cardiac impairment are common. In an autosomal dominant pedigree including 5 affected patients, NGS molecular analysis performed in 6 relatives identifies the heterozygous c.1129C>T p.Arg377Cys variant in the exon 6 of the LMNA gene in three of them. Clinical, laboratorial, imaging investigation of these affected patients showed a significant clinical variability: the father presented subclinical imaging muscular dystrophy masqueraded as radiculopathy. One of his sons presented cardiac arrhythmia, muscular weakness, elbow contractures, and intranuclear pseudoinclusions on muscle biopsy. A second son presented only decreased tendon reflexes. Two other brothers presenting myalgia and cramps were not carriers of the same mutation in the LMNA gene. Early diagnosis, considering these variable phenotype and genotype, is important for genetic counseling, as well as cardiac, and rehabilitation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cotta
- Pathology, Neurophysiology, Radiology, Pediatrics and Genetics, and Neurology Departments, SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Julia F Paim
- Pathology, Neurophysiology, Radiology, Pediatrics and Genetics, and Neurology Departments, SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elmano Carvalho
- Pathology, Neurophysiology, Radiology, Pediatrics and Genetics, and Neurology Departments, SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jaquelin Valicek
- Pathology, Neurophysiology, Radiology, Pediatrics and Genetics, and Neurology Departments, SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antonio L da Cunha Junior
- Pathology, Neurophysiology, Radiology, Pediatrics and Genetics, and Neurology Departments, SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Monica M Navarro
- Pathology, Neurophysiology, Radiology, Pediatrics and Genetics, and Neurology Departments, SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antonio P Vargas
- Pathology, Neurophysiology, Radiology, Pediatrics and Genetics, and Neurology Departments, SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria I Lima
- Electron Microscopy and Molecular Biology Departments, SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Camila F de Almeida
- Human Genome and Stem Cells Research Center, Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Department, IBUSP, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 13, no. 106, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo I Takata
- Electron Microscopy and Molecular Biology Departments, SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Mariz Vainzof
- Human Genome and Stem Cells Research Center, Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Department, IBUSP, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 13, no. 106, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in the Muscle Tissue of Patients with Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2I Harboring the Founder Mutation c.545A>G in the FKRP Gene. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3710814. [PMID: 30003095 PMCID: PMC5996470 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3710814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2I (LGMD2I) is an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy that is rare in Asia and is caused by mutations in the fukutin-related protein gene (FKRP). The aim of this study was to determine if there are any characteristic features of muscle on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with LGMD2I harboring the founder mutation c.545A>G in FKRP. Using MRI, we delineated changes in the thigh muscles of ten patients with genetically confirmed LGMD2I. The majority of muscle biopsy specimens showed reduced glycosylation of α-dystroglycan, decreased expression of laminin α2, and a dystrophic pattern. In our cohort, the muscles with the most severe fatty infiltration were adductor magnus and vastus intermedius, whereas the rectus femoris, sartorius, and gracilis muscles were relatively spared. In seven patients, we identified a concentric fatty infiltration pattern that was most pronounced in the vastus intermedius and vastus medialis muscles around the distal femoral diaphysis. In this disease, the initial fatty infiltration of the posterior thigh muscles gradually progresses anteriorly regardless of the founder mutation in FKRP. Muscle tissue in patients with LGMD2I who have the founder mutation c.545A>G in FKRP shows a distinctive concentric pattern of fatty infiltration and edema on MRI.
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Tordjman M, Dabaj I, Laforet P, Felter A, Ferreiro A, Biyoukar M, Law-Ye B, Zanoteli E, Castiglioni C, Rendu J, Beroud C, Chamouni A, Richard P, Mompoint D, Quijano-Roy S, Carlier RY. Muscular MRI-based algorithm to differentiate inherited myopathies presenting with spinal rigidity. Eur Radiol 2018; 28:5293-5303. [PMID: 29802573 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inherited myopathies are major causes of muscle atrophy and are often characterized by rigid spine syndrome, a clinical feature designating patients with early spinal contractures. We aim to present a decision algorithm based on muscular whole body magnetic resonance imaging (mWB-MRI) as a unique tool to orientate the diagnosis of each inherited myopathy long before the genetically confirmed diagnosis. METHODS This multicentre retrospective study enrolled 79 patients from referral centres in France, Brazil and Chile. The patients underwent 1.5-T or 3-T mWB-MRI. The protocol comprised STIR and T1 sequences in axial and coronal planes, from head to toe. All images were analyzed manually by multiple raters. Fatty muscle replacement was evaluated on mWB-MRI using both the Mercuri scale and statistical comparison based on the percentage of affected muscle. RESULTS Between February 2005 and December 2015, 76 patients with genetically confirmed inherited myopathy were included. They were affected by Pompe disease or harbored mutations in RYR1, Collagen VI, LMNA, SEPN1, LAMA2 and MYH7 genes. Each myopathy had a specific pattern of affected muscles recognizable on mWB-MRI. This allowed us to create a novel decision algorithm for patients with rigid spine syndrome by segregating these signs. This algorithm was validated by five external evaluators on a cohort of seven patients with a diagnostic accuracy of 94.3% compared with the genetic diagnosis. CONCLUSION We provide a novel decision algorithm based on muscle fat replacement graded on mWB-MRI that allows diagnosis and differentiation of inherited myopathies presenting with spinal rigidity. KEY POINTS • Inherited myopathies are rare, diagnosis is challenging and genetic tests require specialized centres and often take years. • Inherited myopathies are often characterized by spinal rigidity. • Whole body magnetic resonance imaging is a unique tool to orientate the diagnosis of each inherited myopathy presenting with spinal rigidity. • Each inherited myopathy in this study has a specific pattern of affected muscles that orientate diagnosis. • A novel MRI-based algorithm, usable by every radiologist, can help the early diagnosis of these myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Tordjman
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Pôle Neuro-locomoteur, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Ile-de-France Ouest, Garches, France.
| | - Ivana Dabaj
- Pôle Pédiatrie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France - Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires GNMH, FILNEMUS, Garches, France
| | - Pascal Laforet
- Département de Neurologie, Unité Clinique de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, CHU La Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Felter
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Pôle Neuro-locomoteur, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Ile-de-France Ouest, Garches, France
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, APHP, Garches, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Ile-de-France Ouest, Garches, France
| | - Moustafa Biyoukar
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, APHP, Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Garches, France
| | - Bruno Law-Ye
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Pôle Neuro-locomoteur, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Ile-de-France Ouest, Garches, France
| | - Edmar Zanoteli
- Department of Neurology, Medical School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Castiglioni
- Neuromuscular and Motor Disorders Program Clinica Las Condes, Pediatric Neurology, Santiago, Chile
| | - John Rendu
- Département de Biochimie, Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Beroud
- Département de Génétique Médicale, AP-HM, Hôpital Timone Enfants, Marseille, France
| | | | - Pascale Richard
- UF de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, CHU La Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Mompoint
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Pôle Neuro-locomoteur, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Ile-de-France Ouest, Garches, France
| | - Susana Quijano-Roy
- Pôle Pédiatrie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France - Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires GNMH, FILNEMUS, Garches, France
| | - Robert-Yves Carlier
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Pôle Neuro-locomoteur, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Ile-de-France Ouest, Garches, France
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Jungbluth H. Myopathology in times of modern imaging. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2018; 43:24-43. [PMID: 28111795 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, muscle (magnetic resonance) imaging has become an important complementary tool in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of inherited neuromuscular disorders, particularly in conditions where the pattern of selective muscle involvement is often more predictive of the underlying genetic background than associated clinical and histopathological features. Following an overview of different imaging modalities, the present review will give a concise introduction to systematic image analysis and interpretation in genetic neuromuscular disorders. The pattern of selective muscle involvement will be presented in detail in conditions such as the congenital or myofibrillar myopathies where muscle imaging is particularly useful to inform the (differential) diagnosis, and in disorders such as Duchenne or fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy where the diagnosis is usually made on clinical grounds but where detailed knowledge of disease progression on the muscle imaging level may inform better understanding of the natural history. Utilizing the group of the congenital myopathies as an example, selected case studies will illustrate how muscle MRI can be used to inform the diagnostic process in the clinico-pathological context. Future developments, in particular, concerning the increasing use of whole-body MRI protocols and novel quantitative fat assessments techniques potentially relevant as an outcome measure, will be briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, London, UK.,Department of Clinical and Basic Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College, London, UK
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7
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Edens LJ, Dilsaver MR, Levy DL. PKC-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear lamins at a single serine residue regulates interphase nuclear size in Xenopus and mammalian cells. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1389-1399. [PMID: 28356420 PMCID: PMC5426852 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-11-0786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
How nuclear size is regulated is a fundamental cell-biological question with relevance to cancers, which often exhibit enlarged nuclei. We previously reported that conventional protein kinase C (cPKC) contributes to nuclear size reductions that occur during early Xenopus development. Here we report that PKC-mediated phosphorylation of lamin B3 (LB3) contributes to this mechanism of nuclear size regulation. By mapping PKC phosphorylation sites on LB3 and testing the effects of phosphomutants in Xenopus laevis embryos, we identify the novel site S267 as being an important determinant of nuclear size. Furthermore, FRAP studies demonstrate that phosphorylation at this site increases lamina dynamics, providing a mechanistic explanation for how PKC activity influences nuclear size. We subsequently map this X. laevis LB3 phosphorylation site to a conserved site in mammalian lamin A (LA), S268. Manipulating PKC activity in cultured mammalian cells alters nuclear size, as does expression of LA-S268 phosphomutants. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PKC-mediated lamin phosphorylation is a conserved mechanism of nuclear size regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Edens
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Matthew R Dilsaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Daniel L Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
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Fu J, Zheng YM, Jin SQ, Yi JF, Liu XJ, Lyn H, Wang ZX, Zhang W, Xiao JX, Yuan Y. "Target" and "Sandwich" Signs in Thigh Muscles have High Diagnostic Values for Collagen VI-related Myopathies. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:1811-6. [PMID: 27453230 PMCID: PMC4976569 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.186638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Collagen VI-related myopathies are autosomal dominant and recessive hereditary myopathies, mainly including Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) and Bethlem myopathy (BM). Muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used to diagnosis muscular disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of thigh muscles MRI for collagen VI-related myopathies. Methods: Eleven patients with collagen VI gene mutation-related myopathies were enrolled in this study. MRI of the thigh muscles was performed in all patients with collagen VI gene mutation-related myopathies and in 361 patients with other neuromuscular disorders (disease controls). T1-weighted images were used to assess fatty infiltration of the muscles using a modified Mercuri's scale. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the MRI features of collagen VI-related myopathies. The relationship between fatty infiltration of muscles and specific collagen VI gene mutations was also investigated. Results: Eleven patients with collagen VI gene mutation-related myopathies included six UCMD patients and five BM patients. There was no significant difference between UCMD and BM patients in the fatty infiltration of each thigh muscle except sartorius (P = 0.033); therefore, we combined the UCMD and BM data. Mean fatty infiltration scores were 3.1 and 3.0 in adductor magnus and gluteus maximus, while the scores were 1.3, 1.3, and 1.5 in gracilis, adductor longus, and sartorius, respectively. A “target” sign in rectus femoris (RF) was present in seven cases, and a “sandwich” sign in vastus lateralis (VL) was present in ten cases. The “target” and “sandwich” signs had sensitivities of 63.6% and 90.9% and specificities of 97.3% and 96.9% for the diagnosis of collagen VI-related myopathies, respectively. Fatty infiltration scores were 2.0–3.0 in seven patients with mutations in the triple-helical domain, and 1.0–1.5 in three of four patients with mutations in the N- or C-domain of the collagen VI genes. Conclusions: The “target” sign in RF and “sandwich” sign in VL are common MRI features and are useful for the diagnosis of collagen VI-related myopathies. The severity of fatty infiltration of muscles may have a relationship with the mutation location of collagen VI gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Su-Qin Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jun-Fei Yi
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - He Lyn
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhao-Xia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jiang-Xi Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Abstract
Lamins are intermediate filament proteins able to polymerise and form an organised meshwork underlying the inner nuclear membrane in most differentiated somatic cells. Mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes the two major lamin A and C isoforms, cause a diverse range of diseases, called laminopathies, including dilated cardiomyopathy, associated with a poor prognosis and high rate of sudden death due to conduction defect and early ventricular arrhythmia. Identification of mutations in LMNA gene in clinical practice is rapidly increasing, as well as comprehensive cardiac and genetic family screening. As a consequence, cardiologists are more and more frequently faced to difficult questions regarding optimal management of patients and relatives, especially timing for prophylactic cardioverter defibrillator. This review focuses on recent data useful for the clinician, as well as therapeutic perspectives both in human and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Charron
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de référence maladies cardiaques héréditaires, Paris, France; 2. UPMC Université Paris VI, INSERM UMR-S956.,Paris, France
| | - Eloisa Arbustini
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- INSERM U974; UPMC Université Paris 6; CNRS UMR 7215; Institut de Myologie, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, UF Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Paris, France
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Carboni N. Advances in muscle imaging for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015. [PMCID: PMC4652483 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-10-s2-o26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Díaz-Manera J, Alejaldre A, González L, Olivé M, Gómez-Andrés D, Muelas N, Vílchez JJ, Llauger J, Carbonell P, Márquez-Infante C, Fernández-Torrón R, Poza JJ, López de Munáin A, González-Quereda L, Mirabet S, Clarimon J, Gallano P, Rojas-García R, Gallardo E, Illa I. Muscle imaging in muscle dystrophies produced by mutations in the EMD and LMNA genes. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 26:33-40. [PMID: 26573435 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the mutated gene that produces a particular muscle dystrophy is difficult because different genotypes may share a phenotype and vice versa. Muscle MRI is a useful tool to recognize patterns of muscle involvement in patients with muscle dystrophies and to guide the diagnosis process. The radiologic pattern of muscle involvement in patients with mutations in the EMD and LMNA genes has not been completely established. Our objective is to describe the pattern of muscle fatty infiltration in patients with mutations in the EMD and in the LMNA genes and to search for differences between the two genotypes that could be helpful to guide the genetic tests. We conducted a national multicenter study in 42 patients, 10 with mutations in the EMD gene and 32 with mutations in the LMNA gene. MRI or CT was used to study the muscles from trunk to legs. Patients had a similar pattern of fatty infiltration regardless of whether they had the mutation in the EMD or LMNA gene. The main muscles involved were the paravertebral, glutei, quadriceps, biceps, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor major, soleus, and gastrocnemius. Involvement of peroneus muscle, which was more frequently affected in patients with mutations in the EMD gene, was useful to differentiate between the two genotypes. Muscle MRI/CT identifies a similar pattern of muscle fatty infiltration in patients with mutations in the EMD or the LMNA genes. The involvement of peroneus muscles could be useful to conduct genetic analysis in patients with an EDMD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Díaz-Manera
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain.
| | - Aida Alejaldre
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Laura González
- Institute of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology, Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Olivé
- Institute of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - David Gómez-Andrés
- Pediatric Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, TRADESMA IdiPaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Muelas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan José Vílchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaume Llauger
- Radiology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Carbonell
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Celedonio Márquez-Infante
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernández-Torrón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Institute, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan José Poza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munáin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Institute, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Lidia González-Quereda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Institute, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sonia Mirabet
- Cardiology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Pía Gallano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Genetic Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Rojas-García
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Eduard Gallardo
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Isabel Illa
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
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Carboni N, Sardu C, Cocco E, Marrosu G, Manzi RC, Nissardi V, Isola F, Mateddu A, Solla E, Maioli MA, Oppo V, Piras R, Coghe G, Lai C, Marrosu MG. Cardiac involvement in patients with lamin A/C gene mutations: A cohort observation. Muscle Nerve 2012; 46:187-92. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene encoding lamins A/C are responsible for more than ten different disorders called laminopathies which affect various tissues in an isolated (striated muscle, adipose tissue or peripheral nerve) or systemic (premature aging syndromes) fashion. Overlapping phenotypes are also observed. Associated with this wide clinical variability, there is also a large genetic heterogeneity, with 408 different mutations being reported to date. Whereas a few hotspot mutations emerge for some types of laminopathies, relationships between genotypes and phenotypes remain poor for laminopathies affecting the striated muscles. In addition, there is important intrafamilial variability, explained only in a few cases by digenism, thus suggesting an additional contribution from modifier genes. In this regard, a chromosomal region linked to the variability in the age at onset of myopathic symptoms in striated muscle laminopathies has recently been identified. This locus is currently under investigation to identify modifier variants responsible for this variability.
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Scharner J, Brown CA, Bower M, Iannaccone ST, Khatri IA, Escolar D, Gordon E, Felice K, Crowe CA, Grosmann C, Meriggioli MN, Asamoah A, Gordon O, Gnocchi VF, Ellis JA, Mendell JR, Zammit PS. Novel LMNA mutations in patients with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and functional characterization of four LMNA mutations. Hum Mutat 2011; 32:152-67. [PMID: 20848652 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in LMNA cause a variety of diseases affecting striated muscle including autosomal Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), LMNA-associated congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD), and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B (LGMD1B). Here, we describe novel and recurrent LMNA mutations identified in 50 patients from the United States and Canada, which is the first report of the distribution of LMNA mutations from a large cohort outside Europe. This augments the number of LMNA mutations known to cause EDMD by 16.5%, equating to an increase of 5.9% in the total known LMNA mutations. Eight patients presented with either p.R249W/Q or p.E358K mutations and an early onset EDMD phenotype: two mutations recently associated with L-CMD. Importantly, 15 mutations are novel and include eight missense mutations (p.R189P, p.F206L, p.S268P, p.S295P, p.E361K, p.G449D, p.L454P, and p.W467R), three splice site mutations (c.IVS4 + 1G>A, c.IVS6 - 2A>G, and c.IVS8 + 1G>A), one duplication/in frame insertion (p.R190dup), one deletion (p.Q355del), and two silent mutations (p.R119R and p.K270K). Analysis of 4 of our lamin A mutations showed that some caused nuclear deformations and lamin B redistribution in a mutation specific manner. Together, this study significantly augments the number of EDMD patients on the database and describes 15 novel mutations that underlie EDMD, which will contribute to establishing genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Scharner
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Modifier locus of the skeletal muscle involvement in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Hum Genet 2010; 129:149-59. [PMID: 21063730 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations in LMNA gene encoding lamins A and C. The disease is characterized by early onset joint contractures during childhood associated with humero-peroneal muscular wasting and weakness, and by the development of a cardiac disease in adulthood. Important intra-familial variability characterized by a wide range of age at onset of myopathic symptoms (AOMS) has been recurrently reported, suggesting the contribution of a modifier gene. Our objective was to identify a modifier locus of AOMS in relation with the LMNA mutation. To map the modifier locus, we genotyped 291 microsatellite markers in 59 individuals of a large French family, where 19 patients carrying the same LMNA mutation, exhibited wide range of AOMS. We performed Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo-based joint segregation and linkage methods implemented in the Loki software, and detected a strong linkage signal on chromosome 2 between markers D2S143 and D2S2244 (211 cM) with a Bayes factor of 28.7 (empirical p value = 0.0032). The linked region harbours two main candidate genes, DES and MYL1 encoding desmin and light chain of myosin. Importantly, the impact of the genotype on the phenotype for this locus showed an overdominant effect with AOMS 2 years earlier for the homozygotes of the rare allele and 37 years earlier for the heterozygotes than the homozygotes for the common allele. These results provide important highlights for the natural history and for the physiopathology of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
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Deconinck N, Dion E, Ben Yaou R, Ferreiro A, Eymard B, Briñas L, Payan C, Voit T, Guicheney P, Richard P, Allamand V, Bonne G, Stojkovic T. Differentiating Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and collagen VI-related myopathies using a specific CT scanner pattern. Neuromuscul Disord 2010; 20:517-23. [PMID: 20576434 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bethlem myopathy and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy are part of the heterogeneous group of collagen VI-related muscle disorders. They are caused by mutations in collagen VI (ColVI) genes (COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3) while LMNA mutations cause autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. A muscular dystrophy pattern and contractures are found in all three conditions, making differential diagnosis difficult especially in young patients when cardiomyopathy is absent. We retrospectively assessed upper and lower limb muscle CT scans in 14 Bethlem/Ullrich patients and 13 Emery-Dreifuss patients with identified mutations. CT was able to differentiate Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy from ColVI-related myopathies in selected thigh muscles and to a lesser extent calves muscles: rectus femoris fatty infiltration was selectively present in Bethlem/Ullrich patients while posterior thigh muscles infiltration was more prominently found in Emery-Dreifuss patients. A more severe fatty infiltration particularly in the leg posterior compartment was found in the Emery-Dreifuss group.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Deconinck
- Clinique de Neurologie, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Carboni N, Mura M, Marrosu G, Cocco E, Marini S, Solla E, Mateddu A, Maioli MA, Piras R, Mallarini G, Mercuro G, Porcu M, Marrosu MG. Muscle imaging analogies in a cohort of patients with different clinical phenotypes caused by LMNA gene mutations. Muscle Nerve 2010; 41:458-63. [PMID: 19882644 DOI: 10.1002/mus.21514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Laminopathies are a heterogeneous group of LMNA-gene-mutation-related clinical disorders associated with alterations of cardiac and skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves, metabolic defects, and premature aging. Leg muscle imaging investigations were performed in a cohort of patients with LMNA gene alterations who were suffering from Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B, isolated cardiac disorders or a phenotype of cardiac disorders, and lipodystrophy, including one individual with peripheral neuropathy. Leg muscle imaging revealed varying degrees of alteration in the soleus and medial head of gastrocnemius in each subject. This study demonstrates that LMNA-gene-mutated patients devoid of any clinically detectable skeletal muscle involvement have the same pattern of leg muscle involvement as patients with overt skeletal muscle compromise. This finding suggests the presence of a continuum of skeletal muscle involvement among phenotypes of LMNA-gene-mutation-related skeletalmyopathy and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Carboni
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Science and Neurology, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.
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Mercuri E, Clements E, Offiah A, Pichiecchio A, Vasco G, Bianco F, Berardinelli A, Manzur A, Pane M, Messina S, Gualandi F, Ricci E, Rutherford M, Muntoni F. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging involvement in muscular dystrophies with rigidity of the spine. Ann Neurol 2010; 67:201-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.21846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Carboni N, Floris M, Valentini M, Marrosu G, Cocco E, Maioli MA, Solla E, Mateddu A, Mura M, Marrosu MG. A Novel Mutation in Lamin A/C Gene: Phenotype and Consequences on the Protein Structure and Flexibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3814/2010/301679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Familial dilated cardiomyopathy is an underrecognized form of dilated cardiomyopathy. Lamin A/C deficiency is probably the most common cause of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. This review will focus on the emerging knowledge of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with lamin A/C deficiency, as well as possible disease mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS Screening of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy continues to indicate that lamin A/C deficiency is a significant cause. Multiple novel mutations have been found, suggesting that many mutations are limited to individuals or families. It is unknown how mutations cause the syndrome, although an animal model has shown that lamin A/C insufficiency causes apoptosis, particularly in the conduction system. Inheritance is predominantly autosomal dominant, but penetrance is variable. For symptomatic patients, the course is malignant, with conduction system disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. The data are contradictory, and currently, there is no clear marker for when a lamin A/C-deficient patient is at risk for sudden death. SUMMARY Lamin A/C deficiency is an important cause of dilated cardiomyopathy, and diagnosis requires that clinicians have a high index of suspicion. Our knowledge of the mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of lamin A/C deficiency is incomplete. It is clear that patients with this condition have a malignant course and need to be followed aggressively.
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Stöllberger C, Finsterer J. The Need for Comprehensive Cardiac and Neurologic Assessment of Lamin A/C Mutation Carriers. Radiology 2009; 251:305-6; author reply 306. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2511081965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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