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Farini A, Villa C, Tripodi L, Legato M, Torrente Y. Role of Immunoglobulins in Muscular Dystrophies and Inflammatory Myopathies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666879. [PMID: 34335568 PMCID: PMC8316973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies and inflammatory myopathies are heterogeneous muscular disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness and mass loss. Despite the high variability of etiology, inflammation and involvement of both innate and adaptive immune response are shared features. The best understood immune mechanisms involved in these pathologies include complement cascade activation, auto-antibodies directed against muscular proteins or de-novo expressed antigens in myofibers, MHC-I overexpression in myofibers, and lymphocytes-mediated cytotoxicity. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) administration could represent a suitable immunomodulator with this respect. Here we focus on mechanisms of action of immunoglobulins in muscular dystrophies and inflammatory myopathies highlighting results of IVIGs from pre-clinical and case reports evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Farini
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Satoh M, Tanaka S, Chan EKL. The uses and misuses of multiplex autoantibody assays in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Front Immunol 2015; 6:181. [PMID: 25954274 PMCID: PMC4404943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Shin Tanaka
- Department of Human Information and Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
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Li QZ, Karp DR, Quan J, Branch VK, Zhou J, Lian Y, Chong BF, Wakeland EK, Olsen NJ. Risk factors for ANA positivity in healthy persons. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R38. [PMID: 21366908 PMCID: PMC3132017 DOI: 10.1186/ar3271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The finding of antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity in a healthy individual is usually of unknown significance and in most cases is benign. However, a subset of such individuals is at risk for development of autoimmune disease. We examined demographic and immunological features that are associated with ANA positivity in clinically healthy persons to develop insights into when this marker carries risk of progression to lupus. METHODS Biological samples from healthy individuals and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were obtained from the Dallas Regional Autoimmune Disease Registry (DRADR). Measurements carried out on serum samples included ANA, extractable nuclear antibodies (ENA) and autoantibody profiling using an array with more than 100 specificities. Whole blood RNA samples from a subset of individuals were used to analyze gene expression on the Illumina platform. Data were analyzed for associations of high ANA levels with demographic features, the presence of other autoantibodies and with gene expression profiles. RESULTS Overall, ANA levels are significantly higher in females than in males and this association holds in patients with the autoimmune diseases lupus and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as in healthy controls (HC). Age was not significantly associated with ANA levels and the elevated ANA values could not be explained by higher IgG levels. Another autoantibody, anti- cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), did not show gender dimorphism in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or healthy individuals. The autoantigen array showed significant elevations of other autoantibodies in high ANA HCs. Some of these autoantibodies were directed to antigens in skin and others were related to autoimmune conditions of kidney, thyroid or joints. Gene expression analyses showed a greater prevalence of significantly upregulated genes in HCs with negative ANA values than in those with significant ANA positivity. Genes upregulated in high ANA HCs included a celiac disease autoantigen and some components of the Type I interferon (IFN) gene signature. CONCLUSIONS Risks for ANA positivity include female gender and organ-specific autoimmunity. Upregulation of skin-specific autoantibodies may indicate that early events in the break of tolerance take place in cutaneous structures. Some of these changes may be mediated by Type I IFN. Blood profiling for expressed autoantibodies and genes has the potential to identify individuals at risk for development of autoimmune diseases including lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390-9093, USA
| | - David R Karp
- Department of Medicine, The Division of Rheumatic Diseases, The Simmons Arthritis Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390-8884, USA
| | - Jiexia Quan
- Department of Medicine, The Division of Rheumatic Diseases, The Simmons Arthritis Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390-8884, USA
| | - Valerie K Branch
- Department of Medicine, The Division of Rheumatic Diseases, The Simmons Arthritis Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390-8884, USA
| | - Jinchun Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390-9093, USA
| | - Yun Lian
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390-9093, USA
| | - Benjamin F Chong
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390-9069, USA
| | - Edward K Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390-9093, USA
| | - Nancy J Olsen
- Department of Medicine, The Division of Rheumatic Diseases, The Simmons Arthritis Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390-8884, USA
- Current address: Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey PA 17033, USA
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