1
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Alawneh I, Stosic A, Gonorazky H. Muscle MRI patterns for limb girdle muscle dystrophies: systematic review. J Neurol 2023:10.1007/s00415-023-11722-1. [PMID: 37129643 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Limb girdle muscle dystrophies (LGMDs) are a group of inherited neuromuscular disorders comprising more than 20 genes. There have been increasing efforts to characterize this group with Muscle MRI. However, due to the complexity and similarities, the interpretation of the MRI patterns is usually done by experts in the field. Here, we proposed a step-by-step image interpretation of Muscle MRI in LGDM by evaluating the variability of muscle pattern involvement reported in the literature. A systematic review with an open start date to November 2022 was conducted to describe all LGMDs' muscle MRI patterns. Eighty-eight studies were included in the final review. Data were found to describe muscle MRI patterns for 15 out of 17 LGMDs types. Although the diagnosis of LGMDs is challenging despite the advanced genetic testing and other diagnostic modalities, muscle MRI is shown to help in the diagnosis of LGMDs. To further increase the yield for muscle MRI in the neuromuscular field, larger cohorts of patients need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Alawneh
- Department of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ana Stosic
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hernan Gonorazky
- Department of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
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2
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Cotta A, Carvalho E, da-Cunha-Júnior AL, Valicek J, Navarro MM, Junior SB, da Silveira EB, Lima MI, Cordeiro BA, Cauhi AF, Menezes MM, Nunes SV, Vargas AP, Neto RX, Paim JF. Muscle biopsy essential diagnostic advice for pathologists. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-020-00085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Muscle biopsies are important diagnostic procedures in neuromuscular practice. Recent advances in genetic analysis have profoundly modified Myopathology diagnosis.
Main body
The main goals of this review are: (1) to describe muscle biopsy techniques for non specialists; (2) to provide practical information for the team involved in the diagnosis of muscle diseases; (3) to report fundamental rules for muscle biopsy site choice and adequacy; (4) to highlight the importance of liquid nitrogen in diagnostic workup. Routine techniques include: (1) histochemical stains and reactions; (2) immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence; (3) electron microscopy; (4) mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymatic studies; and (5) molecular studies. The diagnosis of muscle disease is a challenge, as it should integrate data from different techniques.
Conclusion
Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded muscle samples alone almost always lead to inconclusive or unspecific results. Liquid nitrogen frozen muscle sections are imperative for neuromuscular diagnosis. Muscle biopsy interpretation is possible in the context of detailed clinical, neurophysiological, and serum muscle enzymes data. Muscle imaging studies are strongly recommended in the diagnostic workup. Muscle biopsy is useful for the differential diagnosis of immune mediated myopathies, muscular dystrophies, congenital myopathies, and mitochondrial myopathies. Muscle biopsy may confirm the pathogenicity of new gene variants, guide cost-effective molecular studies, and provide phenotypic diagnosis in doubtful cases. For some patients with mitochondrial myopathies, a definite molecular diagnosis may be achieved only if performed in DNA extracted from muscle tissue due to organ specific mutation load.
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3
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Angelini C, Pegoraro V, Cenacchi G. The clinical and molecular spectrum of autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophies focusing on transportinopathy. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2019.1622412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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4
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Intrafamilial variability of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, LGMD1D type. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103655. [PMID: 31034989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
LGMD1D is an autosomal dominant limb girdle muscular dystrophy caused by variants in the DNAJB6 gene. This is typically an adult-onset disorder characterized by moderately progressive proximal muscle weakness without respiratory or bulbar involvement; however phenotypic variability is often observed with some individuals having earlier onset and more severe symptoms. Here, we present a family with a novel NM_005494.2:c.271T > G p.(Phe91Val) variant in DNAJB6 with a late-onset, mild and slowly progressive form of the disease, including one individual, who in her 7th decade of life has subclinical LGMD1D with only mild features on muscle biopsy and MRI. Unlike previously reported cases where missense variants affecting the Phe91 amino acid residue are associated with a more severe form of the disease, this family represents the mild end of the LGMD1D clinical spectrum. Therefore, this family adds further complexity to the genotype-phenotype correlation in DNAJB6-associated muscular dystrophies.
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5
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Jonson PH, Palmio J, Johari M, Penttilä S, Evilä A, Nelson I, Bonne G, Wiart N, Meyer V, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Masson C, Stojkovic T, Chapon F, Romero NB, Solé G, Ferrer X, Ferreiro A, Hackman P, Richard I, Udd B. Novel mutations in DNAJB6
cause LGMD1D and distal myopathy in French families. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:790-794. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. H. Jonson
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics; University of Helsinki, Medicum; Helsinki Finland
| | - J. Palmio
- Neuromuscular Research Center; Tampere University Hospital; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - M. Johari
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics; University of Helsinki, Medicum; Helsinki Finland
| | - S. Penttilä
- Neuromuscular Research Center; Tampere University Hospital; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - A. Evilä
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics; University of Helsinki, Medicum; Helsinki Finland
| | - I. Nelson
- UPMC Univ Paris 06; INSERM UMRS 974; Center of Research in Myology; Institut de Myologie; Sorbonne Universités; Paris France
| | - G. Bonne
- UPMC Univ Paris 06; INSERM UMRS 974; Center of Research in Myology; Institut de Myologie; Sorbonne Universités; Paris France
| | - N. Wiart
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH); CEA; Evry France
| | - V. Meyer
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH); CEA; Evry France
| | - A. Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH); CEA; Evry France
| | - J.-F. Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH); CEA; Evry France
| | - C. Masson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility; INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633; INSERM UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Université Paris Descartes − Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker; Paris France
| | - T. Stojkovic
- UPMC Univ Paris 06; INSERM UMRS 974; Center of Research in Myology; Institut de Myologie; Sorbonne Universités; Paris France
| | - F. Chapon
- INSERM U1075; Neuromuscular Competence Center; CHU Caen; Université de Normandie; Caen France
| | - N. B. Romero
- Unit of Neuromuscular Morphology; Institute of Myology; UPMC Paris 6; INSERM UMRS 974; Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital; Paris France
| | - G. Solé
- Neuromuscular Reference Center; CHU Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - X. Ferrer
- Neuromuscular Reference Center; CHU Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - A. Ferreiro
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative; Université Paris Diderot/CNRS; Paris France
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders; Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital; AP-HP; Paris France
| | - P. Hackman
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics; University of Helsinki, Medicum; Helsinki Finland
| | - I. Richard
- Généthon INSERM; U951; INTEGRARE Research Unit; University Paris-Saclay; Evry France
| | - B. Udd
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics; University of Helsinki, Medicum; Helsinki Finland
- Neuromuscular Research Center; Tampere University Hospital; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
- Department of Neurology; Vaasa Central Hospital; Vaasa Finland
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6
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Angelini C, Fanin M. Limb girdle muscular dystrophies: clinical-genetical diagnostic update and prospects for therapy. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1367283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Angelini
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neuromuscular Center, San Camillo Hospital IRCCS, Venice, Italy
| | - Marina Fanin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Ruggieri A, Saredi S, Zanotti S, Pasanisi MB, Maggi L, Mora M. DNAJB6 Myopathies: Focused Review on an Emerging and Expanding Group of Myopathies. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:63. [PMID: 27747217 PMCID: PMC5043021 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the DNAJB6 gene have been associated with the autosomal dominant limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 1D (LGMD1D), a disorder characterized by abnormal protein aggregates and rimmed vacuoles in muscle fibers. DNAJB6 is a ubiquitously expressed Hsp40 co-chaperone characterized by a J domain that specifies Hsp70 functions in the cellular environment. DNAJB6 is also a potent inhibitor of expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) aggregation preventing aggregate toxicity in cells. In DNAJB6-mutated patients this anti-aggregation property is significantly reduced, albeit not completely lost. To elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the DNAJB6-related myopathy, animal models have been created showing that, indeed, conditional muscular expression of a DNAJB6 mutant in the mouse causes a LGMD1D myofibrillary muscle tissue phenotype. Both mutations and phenotypes reported until recently were rather homogeneous, being exclusively missense mutations of a few amino acids of the protein G/F domain, and with a phenotype characterized by adult-onset slowly progressive muscular dystrophy predominantly affecting proximal muscles. Lately, several novel mutations and new phenotypes of DNAJB6 have been described. These mutations once more affect the G/F domain of DNAJB6 with missense changes and a splice site mutation; and the phenotypes include childhood onset and distal involvement of muscles, or childhood-onset LGMD1D with loss of ambulation in early adulthood and respiratory involvement. Thus, the spectrum of DNAJB6-related phenotypes is widening. Although our knowledge about the role of DNAJB6 in the pathogenesis of muscle diseases has made great progression, several questions remain unsolved, including why a ubiquitous protein affects only, or predominantly, skeletal muscle; why only the G/F domain is involved; and what is the possible role of the DNAJB6a isoform. Clarification of these issues will provide clues to implement possible therapeutic strategies for DNAJB6-related myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ruggieri
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Saredi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Zanotti
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Barbara Pasanisi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Mora
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Italy
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8
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Nam TS, Li W, Heo SH, Lee KH, Cho A, Shin JH, Kim YO, Chae JH, Kim DS, Kim MK, Choi SY. A novel mutation in DNAJB6, p.(Phe91Leu), in childhood-onset LGMD1D with a severe phenotype. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 25:843-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Palmio J, Jonson PH, Evilä A, Auranen M, Straub V, Bushby K, Sarkozy A, Kiuru-Enari S, Sandell S, Pihko H, Hackman P, Udd B. Novel mutations in DNAJB6 gene cause a very severe early-onset limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 1D disease. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 25:835-42. [PMID: 26338452 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
DNAJB6 is the causative gene for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 1D (LGMD1D). Four different coding missense mutations, p.F89I, p.F93I, p.F93L, and p.P96R, have been reported in families from Europe, North America and Asia. The previously known mutations cause mainly adult-onset proximal muscle weakness with moderate progression and without respiratory involvement. A Finnish family and a British patient have been studied extensively due to a severe muscular dystrophy. The patients had childhood-onset LGMD, loss of ambulation in early adulthood and respiratory involvement; one patient died of respiratory failure aged 32. Two novel mutations, c.271T > A (p.F91I) and c.271T > C (p.F91L), in DNAJB6 were identified by whole exome sequencing as a cause of this severe form of LGMD1D. The results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The anti-aggregation effect of the mutant DNAJB6 was investigated in a filter-trap based system using transient transfection of mammalian cell lines and polyQ-huntingtin as a model for an aggregation-prone protein. Both novel mutant proteins show a significant loss of ability to prevent aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Palmio
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, FIN-33014, Finland.
| | - Per Harald Jonson
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni Evilä
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Department of Neurology, Unit for Neuromuscular Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kate Bushby
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sari Kiuru-Enari
- Department of Neurology, Unit for Neuromuscular Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Sandell
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, FIN-33014, Finland; Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Helena Pihko
- Deparment of Child Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Hackman
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, FIN-33014, Finland; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
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10
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Suarez-Cedeno G, Winder T, Milone M. DNAJB6 myopathy: a vacuolar myopathy with childhood onset. Muscle Nerve 2014; 49:607-10. [PMID: 24170373 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNAJB6 mutations cause an autosomal dominant myopathy that can manifest as limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD1D/1E) or distal-predominant myopathy. In the majority of patients this myopathy manifests in adulthood and shows vacuolar changes on muscle biopsy. METHODS Clinical, electrophysiological, pathological, and molecular findings are reported. RESULTS We report a 56-year-old woman, who, like 3 other family members, became symptomatic in childhood with slowly progressive limb-girdle muscle weakness, normal serum creatine kinase (CK) values, and myopathic electromyographic findings. Muscle biopsy showed vacuolar changes and congophilic inclusions, and molecular analysis revealed a pathogenic mutation in the DNAJB6 gene. Differences and similarities with previously described cases are assessed. CONCLUSIONS Childhood-onset of DNAJB6 myopathy is more frequent than previously believed; congophilic inclusions may be present in the muscle of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Suarez-Cedeno
- Medical School, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA; Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Couthouis J, Raphael AR, Siskind C, Findlay AR, Buenrostro JD, Greenleaf WJ, Vogel H, Day JW, Flanigan KM, Gitler AD. Exome sequencing identifies a DNAJB6 mutation in a family with dominantly-inherited limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2014; 24:431-5. [PMID: 24594375 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy primarily affects the muscles of the hips and shoulders (the "limb-girdle" muscles), although it is a heterogeneous disorder that can present with varying symptoms. There is currently no cure. We sought to identify the genetic basis of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1 in an American family of Northern European descent using exome sequencing. Exome sequencing was performed on DNA samples from two affected siblings and one unaffected sibling and resulted in the identification of eleven candidate mutations that co-segregated with the disease. Notably, this list included a previously reported mutation in DNAJB6, p.Phe89Ile, which was recently identified as a cause of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1D. Additional family members were Sanger sequenced and the mutation in DNAJB6 was only found in affected individuals. Subsequent haplotype analysis indicated that this DNAJB6 p.Phe89Ile mutation likely arose independently of the previously reported mutation. Since other published mutations are located close by in the G/F domain of DNAJB6, this suggests that the area may represent a mutational hotspot. Exome sequencing provided an unbiased and effective method for identifying the genetic etiology of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1 in a previously genetically uncharacterized family. This work further confirms the causative role of DNAJB6 mutations in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Couthouis
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alya R Raphael
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carly Siskind
- Neuroscience Center, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew R Findlay
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Departments of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin M Flanigan
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Coutton C, Poreau B, Devillard F, Durand C, Odent S, Rozel C, Vieville G, Amblard F, Jouk PS, Satre V. Currarino Syndrome and HPE Microform Associated with a 2.7-Mb Deletion in 7q36.3 Excluding SHH Gene. Mol Syndromol 2013; 5:25-31. [PMID: 24550762 DOI: 10.1159/000355391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common forebrain defect in humans. It results from incomplete midline cleavage of the prosencephalon and can be caused by environmental and genetic factors. HPE is usually described as a continuum of brain malformations from the most severe alobar HPE to the middle interhemispheric fusion variant or syntelencephaly. A microform of HPE is limited to craniofacial features such as congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis and single central maxillary incisor, without brain malformation. Among the heterogeneous causes of HPE, point mutations and deletions in the SHH gene at 7q36 have been identified as well as extremely rare chromosomal rearrangements in the long-range enhancers of this gene. Here, we report a boy with an HPE microform associated with a Currarino syndrome. Array CGH detected a de novo 2.7-Mb deletion in the 7q36.3 region including the MNX1 gene, usually responsible for the Currarino triad but excluding SHH, which is just outside the deletion. This new case provides further evidence of the importance of the SHH long-range enhancers in the HPE spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Coutton
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France ; AGIM CNRS FRE3405, Equipe 'Andrologie, Génétique et Cancer', Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - B Poreau
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique et Procréation, Grenoble, France
| | - F Devillard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France
| | - C Durand
- Service de Radiopédiatrie, Hôpital Couple Enfant, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - S Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Rennes, France
| | - C Rozel
- Service de Radiologie et Imagerie Médicale, Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France
| | - G Vieville
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France
| | - F Amblard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France
| | - P-S Jouk
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique et Procréation, Grenoble, France
| | - V Satre
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France ; AGIM CNRS FRE3405, Equipe 'Andrologie, Génétique et Cancer', Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
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13
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Gamez J. No need for more muscle biopsies in members of the Spanish LGMD1F family. The gene has been identified at last. Neuropathology 2013; 34:217-8. [PMID: 23981253 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Gamez
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, VHIR., Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Sandell SM, Mahjneh I, Palmio J, Tasca G, Ricci E, Udd BA. 'Pathognomonic' muscle imaging findings in DNAJB6 mutated LGMD1D. Eur J Neurol 2013; 20:1553-9. [PMID: 23865856 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We have previously reported clinical, genetic and molecular pathomechanistic findings in DNAJB6 mutated LGMD1D. After publishing clinical findings of the original Finnish family we identified more Finnish, Italian and US families with the same disease, ultimately confirmed by mutations in the same gene. METHODS Of the total number of 28 examined Finnish and Italian patients 23 underwent lower limb muscle imaging. RESULTS At the early stages of the disease fatty degeneration in T1-weighed MRI sequences were observed in the soleus, adductor magnus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris muscles followed by medial gastrocnemius, adductor longus and later by vasti muscles of the quadriceps. Rectus femoris, lateral gastrocnemius, sartorius, gracilis and the anterolateral group of the lower leg muscles were spared until late senecence. The pattern of differential involvement could be identified at different stages of the disease process. CONCLUSIONS Since the general clinical findings do not provide clues for diagnosis this distinct pattern of muscle involvement and pathognomonic imaging findings are highly relevant in the clinical setting. The pattern of muscle involvement is so typical that it can be used as a differential diagnostic tool for LGMD1D. The final diagnosis however requires molecular genetic confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sandell
- Department of Neurology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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15
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Clinical phenotype, muscle MRI and muscle pathology of LGMD1F. J Neurol 2013; 260:2033-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-013-6931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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16
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Lu Y, Li X, Wang M, Li X, Zhang F, Li Y, Zhang M, Da Y, Yu J, Jia J. A novel autosomal dominant inclusion body myopathy linked to 7q22.1-31.1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39288. [PMID: 22723986 PMCID: PMC3377676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel autosomal dominant hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM) that clinically mimics limb girdle muscular dystrophy in a Chinese family. We performed a detailed clinical assessment of 36 individuals spanning four generations. The age of onset ranged from the 30s to the 50s. Hip girdle, neck flexion and axial muscle weakness were involved at an early stage. This disease progressed slowly, and a shoulder girdle weakness appeared later in the disease course. Muscle biopsies showed necrotic, regenerating, and rimmed vacuolated fibers as well as congophilic inclusions in some of the fibers. Electron micrograph revealed cytoplasmic inclusions of 15–21 nm filaments. A genomewide scan and haplotype analyses were performed using an Illumina Linkage-12 DNA Analysis Kit (average spacing 0.58 cM), which traced the disease to a new locus on chromosome 7q22.1–31.1 with a maximum multi-point LOD score of 3.65. The critical locus for this unique disorder, which is currently referred to as hereditary inclusion body myopathy 4 (HIBM4), spans 8.78 Mb and contains 65 genes. This localization raises the possibility that one of the genes clustered within this region may be involved in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Capital Medical University, Xuan Wu Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingang Li
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neurology, Capital Medical University, Xuan Wu Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Neurology, Capital Medical University, Xuan Wu Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Da
- Department of Neurology, Capital Medical University, Xuan Wu Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YD); (JY)
| | - Jun Yu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YD); (JY)
| | - Jianping Jia
- Department of Neurology, Capital Medical University, Xuan Wu Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Sarparanta J, Jonson PH, Golzio C, Sandell S, Luque H, Screen M, McDonald K, Stajich JM, Mahjneh I, Vihola A, Raheem O, Penttilä S, Lehtinen S, Huovinen S, Palmio J, Tasca G, Ricci E, Hackman P, Hauser M, Katsanis N, Udd B. Mutations affecting the cytoplasmic functions of the co-chaperone DNAJB6 cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Nat Genet 2012; 44:450-5, S1-2. [PMID: 22366786 PMCID: PMC3315599 DOI: 10.1038/ng.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1D (LGMD1D) was linked to chromosome 7q36 over a decade ago, but its genetic cause has remained elusive. Here we studied nine LGMD-affected families from Finland, the United States and Italy and identified four dominant missense mutations leading to p.Phe93Leu or p.Phe89Ile changes in the ubiquitously expressed co-chaperone DNAJB6. Functional testing in vivo showed that the mutations have a dominant toxic effect mediated specifically by the cytoplasmic isoform of DNAJB6. In vitro studies demonstrated that the mutations increase the half-life of DNAJB6, extending this effect to the wild-type protein, and reduce its protective anti-aggregation effect. Further, we show that DNAJB6 interacts with members of the CASA complex, including the myofibrillar myopathy-causing protein BAG3. Our data identify the genetic cause of LGMD1D, suggest that its pathogenesis is mediated by defective chaperone function and highlight how mutations in a ubiquitously expressed gene can exert effects in a tissue-, isoform- and cellular compartment-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Sarparanta
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Harms MB, Sommerville RB, Allred P, Bell S, Ma D, Cooper P, Lopate G, Pestronk A, Weihl CC, Baloh RH. Exome sequencing reveals DNAJB6 mutations in dominantly-inherited myopathy. Ann Neurol 2012; 71:407-16. [PMID: 22334415 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the causative gene in an autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) with skeletal muscle vacuoles. METHODS Exome sequencing was used to identify candidate mutations in the studied pedigree. Genome-wide linkage was then used to narrow the list of candidates to a single disease-associated mutation. Additional pedigrees with dominant or sporadic myopathy were screened for mutations in the same gene (DNAJB6) using exome sequencing. Skeletal muscle from affected patients was evaluated with histochemistry and immunohistochemical stains for dystrophy-related proteins, SMI-31, TDP43, and DNAJB6. RESULTS Exome analysis in 3 affected individuals from a family with dominant LGMD and vacuolar pathology identified novel candidate mutations in 22 genes. Linkage analysis excluded all variants except a Phe93Leu mutation in the G/F domain of the DNAJB6 gene, which resides within the LGMD locus at 7q36. Analysis of exome sequencing data from other pedigrees with dominant myopathy identified a second G/F domain mutation (Pro96Arg) in DNAJB6. Affected muscle showed mild dystrophic changes, vacuoles, and abnormal aggregation of proteins, including TDP-43 and DNAJB6 itself. INTERPRETATION Mutations within the G/F domain of DNAJB6 are a novel cause of dominantly-inherited myopathy. DNAJB6 is a member of the HSP40/DNAJ family of molecular co-chaperones tasked with protecting client proteins from irreversible aggregation during protein synthesis or during times of cellular stress. The abnormal accumulation of several proteins in patient muscle, including DNAJB6 itself, suggest that DNAJB6 function is compromised by the identified G/F domain mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Harms
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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