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Wang L, Bu T, Wu X, Li L, Sun F, Cheng CY. Motor proteins, spermatogenesis and testis function. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 141:381-445. [PMID: 38960481 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The role of motor proteins in supporting intracellular transports of vesicles and organelles in mammalian cells has been known for decades. On the other hand, the function of motor proteins that support spermatogenesis is also well established since the deletion of motor protein genes leads to subfertility and/or infertility. Furthermore, mutations and genetic variations of motor protein genes affect fertility in men, but also a wide range of developmental defects in humans including multiple organs besides the testis. In this review, we seek to provide a summary of microtubule and actin-dependent motor proteins based on earlier and recent findings in the field. Since these two cytoskeletons are polarized structures, different motor proteins are being used to transport cargoes to different ends of these cytoskeletons. However, their involvement in germ cell transport across the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules remains relatively unknown. It is based on recent findings in the field, we have provided a hypothetical model by which motor proteins are being used to support germ cell transport across the BTB and the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. In our discussion, we have highlighted the areas of research that deserve attention to bridge the gap of research in relating the function of motor proteins to spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tiao Bu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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Frasuńska J, Pollak A, Turczyn P, Kutkowska-Kaźmierczak A, Pepłowski J, Płoski R, Tarnacka B. A Study of Polish Family with Scoliosis and Limb Contractures Expands the MYH3 Disease Spectrum. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:125. [PMID: 38275606 PMCID: PMC10815230 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A disease associated with malfunction of the MYH3 gene is characterised by scoliosis, contractures of the V fingers, knees and elbows, dysplasia of the calf muscles, foot deformity and limb length asymmetry. The aim of this study was to identify the cause of musculoskeletal deformities in a three-generation Polish family by exome sequencing. The segregation of the newly described c.866A>C variant of the MYH3 gene in the family indicates an autosomal dominant model of inheritance. The detected MYH3 variant segregates the disease within the family. The presented results expand the MYH3 disease spectrum and emphasize the clinical diagnostic challenge in syndromes harbouring congenital spine defects and joint contractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Frasuńska
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (J.F.); (B.T.)
| | - Agnieszka Pollak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Turczyn
- Clinic of Early Arthritis, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Jakub Pepłowski
- The Rare Diseases Laboratory, Laboratory of Genetics, University Center for Laboratory Medicine, University Clinical Centre of the Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Beata Tarnacka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (J.F.); (B.T.)
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Garg B, Tomar N, Biswas A, Mehta N, Malhotra R. Understanding Musculoskeletal Disorders Through Next-Generation Sequencing. JBJS Rev 2022; 10:01874474-202204000-00001. [PMID: 35383688 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.21.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» An insight into musculoskeletal disorders through advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) promises to maximize benefits and improve outcomes through improved genetic diagnosis. » The primary use of whole exome sequencing (WES) for musculoskeletal disorders is to identify functionally relevant variants. » The current evidence has shown the superiority of NGS over conventional genotyping for identifying novel and rare genetic variants in patients with musculoskeletal disorders, due to its high throughput and low cost. » Genes identified in patients with scoliosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteogenesis imperfecta using NGS technologies are listed for further reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavuk Garg
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Lu J, Li H, Zhang H, Lin Z, Xu C, Xu X, Hu L, Luan Z, Lou Y, Tang S. The distal arthrogryposis-linked p.R63C variant promotes the stability and nuclear accumulation of TNNT3. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e24089. [PMID: 34766372 PMCID: PMC8649346 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Distal arthrogryposis (DA) is comprised of a group of rare developmental disorders in muscle, characterized by multiple congenital contractures of the distal limbs. Fast skeletal muscle troponin‐T (TNNT3) protein is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle and plays an important role in DA. Missense variants in TNNT3 are associated with DA, but few studies have fully clarified its pathogenic role. Methods Sanger sequencing was performed in three generation of a Chinese family with DA. To determine how the p.R63C variant contributed to DA, we identified a variant in TNNT3 (NM_006757.4): c.187C>T (p.R63C). And then we investigated the effects of the arginine to cysteine substitution on the distribution pattern and the half‐life of TNNT3 protein. Results The protein levels of TNNT3 in affected family members were 0.8‐fold higher than that without the disorder. TNNT3 protein could be degraded by the ubiquitin‐proteasome complex, and the p.R63C variant did not change TNNT3 nuclear localization, but significantly prolonged its half‐life from 2.5 to 7 h, to promote its accumulation in the nucleus. Conclusion The p.R63C variant increased the stability of TNNT3 and promoted nuclear accumulation, which suggested its role in DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Lu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huanzheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - He Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhengxiu Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of WMU, School of the Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetic, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaotang Luan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetic, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Genetic, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Zhang J, Chen WQ, Wang SW, Wang SX, Yu M, Guo Q, Yu YD. Identification of a novel pathogenic variant in the MYH3 gene in a five-generation family with CPSFS1A (Contractures, Pterygia, and Spondylocarpotarsal Fusion Syndrome 1A). Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1440. [PMID: 32767732 PMCID: PMC7549579 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Distal arthrogryposis (DA) is a group of rare Mendelian conditions that demonstrate heterogeneity with respect to genetics and phenotypes. Ten types of DAs, which collectively involve six genes, have been reported. Among them, the MYH3 gene causes several types of arthrogryposis conditions and therefore has a pivotal role in the skeletal and muscle development of the fetus. For this study, we recruited a five‐generation Chinese family with members presenting DA features and phenotypic variability. Further clinical study characterized it as CPSFS1A (Contractures, Pterygia, and Spondylocarpotarsal Fusion Syndrome 1A). Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from eight family members, including one fetus. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was then conducted on the proband's sample, followed by Sanger sequencing as validation for each of the participants. In silico analysis was performed. Western blotting (WB) detection and pathological staining were conducted on skeletal muscle tissue of the induced fetus after prenatal diagnosis. Results A novel heterozygous pathogenic variant, namely NM_002470.3: c.3044_3047delinsTCAATTTGTT: p.E1015_D1016delinsVNLF in the MYH3 gene, was identified and shown to be cosegregated with the condition in the subject family. This variant resulted in the replacement of amino‐acid residues E1015 and D1016 by a string of VNLFs. The pregnancy was selectively terminated because the fetus was genetically affected. However, the WB and pathological results did not indicate a significant change in the norm. Conclusions Our study expanded the variant spectrum of CPSFS1A, in addition to which it provided solid evidence for the appropriateness of genetic counseling and pregnancy management for the family. The results may also provide further insight into the molecular mechanism of MYH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen-Qi Chen
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Si-Wen Wang
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shao-Xiong Wang
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ya-Dong Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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