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Laceb ZM, Diene SM, Lalaoui R, Kihal M, Chergui FH, Rolain JM, Hadjadj L. Genetic Diversity and Virulence Profile of Methicillin and Inducible Clindamycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Western Algeria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070971. [PMID: 35884225 PMCID: PMC9312111 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcusaureus causes a wide range of life-threatening infections. In this study, we determined its prevalence in the hospital environment and investigated nasal carriage among healthcare workers and patients admitted to a hospital in western Algeria. A total of 550 specimens were collected. An antibiogram was performed and the genes encoding resistance to methicillin, inducible clindamycin and toxins were sought among the 92 S. aureus isolates. The spread of clones with a methicillin- and/or clindamycin-resistance phenotype between these ecosystems was studied using genomic analysis. A prevalence of 27%, 30% and 13% of S. aureus (including 2.7%, 5% and 1.25% of MRSA) in patients, healthcare workers and the hospital environment were observed, respectively. The presence of the mecA, erm, pvl and tsst-1 genes was detected in 10.9%, 17.4%, 7.6% and 18.5% of samples, respectively. Sequencing allowed us to identify seven sequence types, including three MRSA-IV-ST6, two MRSA-IV-ST80-PVL+, two MRSA-IV-ST22-TSST-1, two MRSA-V-ST5, and one MRSA-IV-ST398, as well as many virulence genes. Here, we reported that both the hospital environment and nasal carriage may be reservoirs contributing to the spread of the same pathogenic clone persisting over time. The circulation of different pathogenic clones of MRSA, MSSA, and iMLSB, as well as the emergence of at-risk ST398 clones should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoua Mentfakh Laceb
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Environnement et Santé, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Blida 01, BP270 Route Soumaa, Blida 09000, Algeria; (Z.M.L.); (F.H.C.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (R.L.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Seydina M. Diene
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (R.L.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Rym Lalaoui
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (R.L.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Mabrouk Kihal
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Université Ahmed Ben Bella Oran1, BP1524 El M’naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria;
| | - Fella Hamaidi Chergui
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Environnement et Santé, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Blida 01, BP270 Route Soumaa, Blida 09000, Algeria; (Z.M.L.); (F.H.C.)
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (R.L.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Linda Hadjadj
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (R.L.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-8613-6930
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Benrabia I, Hamdi TM, Shehata AA, Neubauer H, Wareth G. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in Poultry Species in Algeria: Long-Term Study on Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7020054. [PMID: 32349228 PMCID: PMC7356745 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a well-known pathogen with a serious impact on human and veterinary public health. To determine antibiotic resistance of MRSA in poultry, 4248 nasal swabs were collected from 840 poultry farms in 18 different Wilayas (provinces) of Algeria. Swabs were collected between 2011 and 2018 from breeding hens, laying hens, broilers, and turkeys. Identification was carried out by the classical culture methods, and the disc diffusion test was used to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns. S. aureus was isolated from 477 (56.8%) farms, and flock prevalence was 52.8%, 48.8%, 48.4%, and 75.6% in breeding hens, laying hens, broilers, and turkeys, respectively. MRSA was isolated from 252 (30%) farms and flock prevalence was 22%, 33.5%, 27.4%, and 36%, respectively. As expected, all MRSA isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, penicillin G, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and oxacillin. High levels of resistance were found for tetracycline (82.5%), erythromycin (70.6%), clindamycin (68.6%), and ciprofloxacin (50%). Almost all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (100%) and mupirocin and rifampicin (99.2%), followed by chloramphenicol (82.3%), and gentamicin (76%). This moderate proportion of MRSA in poultry poses a considerable risk to public health. The results of this study highlight the need for control programs that encompass primary animal production and the food chain to mitigate contamination and spread of MRSA in the poultry industry of Algeria, and consequently to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismahane Benrabia
- HASAQ Laboratory, High National Veterinary School, Issad Abbes Avenue, Oued Smar, El Harrach, Algiers 16270, Algeria;
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (G.W.)
| | - Taha M. Hamdi
- HASAQ Laboratory, High National Veterinary School, Issad Abbes Avenue, Oued Smar, El Harrach, Algiers 16270, Algeria;
| | - Awad A. Shehata
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Sadat 32897, Egypt;
- Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, 56290 Gödenroth, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Gamal Wareth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (G.W.)
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Sivakumar M, Dubal ZB, Kumar A, Bhilegaonkar K, Vinodh Kumar OR, Kumar S, Kadwalia A, Shagufta B, Grace MR, Ramees TP, Dwivedi A. Virulent methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in street vended foods. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:1116-1126. [PMID: 30956291 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Street foods are one of the important sources of foodborne infections and Staphylococcus aureus is an important infectious agent transmitted through various sources including street foods. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are of public health significance, hence the study was taken to assess the street foods as a source of MRSA, for which 430 street vended foods of animal origin (meat, milk, eggs and their products) and associated environmental samples were processed for isolation and characterization. A total of 52 (12.1%) S. aureus were isolated and resistant was observed to oxacillin (36.5%), cefoxitin (25%) and penicillin G (82.7%) by disc diffusion test. On genotypic screening, mecA and blaZ have detected in 17.3% and 69.2% isolates, respectively. The virulence typing identified nuc, coa, clfA, spA, FnbA and enterotoxin A (sea) genes in 100%, 96.2%, 30.8%, 55.8, 50% and 7.7% isolates, respectively. Genetic diversity among the isolates was observed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR with a D value of 0.77. The presence of virulent MRSA in street vended foods trigger the public health concern and emphasis to educate the consumers and street food vendors about quality and safety of such foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sivakumar
- 1Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243 122 India
| | - Zunjar B Dubal
- 1Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243 122 India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- 1Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243 122 India
| | - Kiran Bhilegaonkar
- 1Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243 122 India
| | - Obli Rajendran Vinodh Kumar
- 2Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243 122 India
| | - Suman Kumar
- 1Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243 122 India
| | - Anukampa Kadwalia
- 1Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243 122 India
| | - Bi Shagufta
- 1Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243 122 India
| | - M R Grace
- 1Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243 122 India
| | - T P Ramees
- 1Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243 122 India
| | - Anamika Dwivedi
- 1Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243 122 India
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