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Chen C, Yu Q, Huang Y, Shen XQ, Ding ZZ, Chen GW, Yan J, Gu QG, Mao X. Research on the function of the Cend1 regulatory mechanism on p75NTR signaling in spinal cord injury. Neuropeptides 2022; 95:102264. [PMID: 35728483 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
How to use NSC repair mechanisms, minimize the loss of neurons, and recover the damaged spinal cord functions are hotspots and difficulties in spinal cord injury research. Studies have shown that Cend1 signaling is involved in regulating the NSC differentiation, that p75NTR signaling is involved in the regulation of mature neuronal apoptosis and that NSC differentiation decreases mature neuron apoptosis. Our research group found an interaction between Cend1 and p75NTR, and there was a correlation with spinal cord injury. Therefore, we speculate that Cend1 regulates p75NTR signals and promotes the differentiation of NSCs, and inhibits neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, this study first analyzed the expression of p75NTR and Cend1 in spinal cord injury and its relationship with NSCs and neurons and then analyzed the regulatory mechanism and the mechanism of survival on neuronal apoptosis and differentiation of NSCs. Finally, we analyzed the effect of p75NTR and the regulation of Cend1 damage on functional recovery of the spinal cord with overall intervention. The completion of the subject will minimize the loss of neurons, innovative use of NSC repair mechanisms, and open up a new perspective for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of soochow University, No 1055 Sanxiang Road, Soochow 215000, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Dongtai People's Hospital, Kangfu West Road 2, Dongtai 224000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Imaging, Dongtai People's Hospital, Kangfu West Road 2, Dongtai 224000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunsheng Huang
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of soochow University,No 1055 Sanxiang Road, Soochow 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongtai People's Hospital, Kangfu West Road 2, Dongtai 224000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongtai People's Hospital, Kangfu West Road 2, Dongtai 224000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gui-Wen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongtai People's Hospital, Kangfu West Road 2, Dongtai 224000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of soochow University, No 1055 Sanxiang Road, Soochow 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qing-Guo Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongtai People's Hospital, Kangfu West Road 2, Dongtai 224000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xingxing Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Yonghe Road 500, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Scheijen EEM, Hendrix S, Wilson DM. Oxidative DNA Damage in the Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury: Seems Obvious, but Where Is the Evidence? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091728. [PMID: 36139802 PMCID: PMC9495924 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs at various phases of spinal cord injury (SCI), promoting detrimental processes such as free radical injury of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, cytoskeleton, and organelles. Oxidative DNA damage is likely a major contributor to the pathogenesis of SCI, as a damaged genome cannot be simply turned over to avert detrimental molecular and cellular outcomes, most notably cell death. Surprisingly, the evidence to support this hypothesis is limited. There is some evidence that oxidative DNA damage is increased following SCI, mainly using comet assays and immunohistochemistry. However, there is great variability in the timing and magnitude of its appearance, likely due to differences in experimental models, measurement techniques, and the rigor of the approach. Evidence indicates that 8-oxodG is most abundant at 1 and 7 days post-injury (dpi), while DNA strand breaks peak at 7 and 28 dpi. The DNA damage response seems to be characterized by upregulation of PCNA and PARP1 but downregulation of APEX1. Significant improvements in the analysis of oxidative DNA damage and repair after SCI, including single-cell analysis at time points representative for each phase post-injury using new methodologies and better reporting, will uncover the role of DNA damage and repair in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle E. M. Scheijen
- Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Germany, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (D.M.W.III)
| | - David M. Wilson
- Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (D.M.W.III)
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Jiang W, Yu Y, Liu J, Zhao Q, Wang J, Zhang J, Dang X. Downregulation of Cdc6 inhibits tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Chen X, Chen C, Hao J, Zhang J, Zhang F. Effect of CLIP3 Upregulation on Astrocyte Proliferation and Subsequent Glial Scar Formation in the Rat Spinal Cord via STAT3 Pathway After Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 64:117-128. [PMID: 29218499 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event resulting in neuron degeneration and permanent paralysis through inflammatory cytokine overproduction and glial scar formation. Presently, the endogenous molecular mechanisms coordinating glial scar formation in the injured spinal cord remain elusive. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a well-known transcription factor particularly involving in cell proliferation and inflammation in the lesion site following SCI. Meanwhile, CAP-Gly domain containing linker protein 3(CLIP3), a vital cytoplasmic protein, has been confirmed to providing an optimal conduit for intracellular signal transduction and interacting with STAT3 with mass spectrometry analysis. In this study, we aimed to identify the expression of CLIP3 in the spinal cord as well as its role in mediating astrocyte activation and glial scar formation after SCI by establishing an acute traumatic SCI model in male adult rats. Western blot analysis revealed that CLIP3 increased gradually after injury, reached a peak at day 3. The immunohistochemistry staining showed the same result in white matter. With double immunofluorescence staining, we found that CLIP3 was expressed in glial cells and significant changes of CLIP3 expression occurred in astrocytes during the pathological process. Statistical analysis demonstrated there was a correlation between the number of positive cells stained by CLIP3 and STAT3 in the spinal cord after SCI. Co-immunoprecipitation further indicated that CLIP3 interacted with STAT3 in the injured spinal cord. Taken together, our study clearly suggested that CLIP3 played an essential role in astrocyte activation, associating with the STAT3 pathway activation induced by SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.,Medical Colleges of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Jiyun Zhang
- Medical Colleges of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.,Department of Radiology, Third Municipal People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China. .,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
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