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Moreno-Jiménez L, Benito-Martín MS, Sanclemente-Alamán I, Matías-Guiu JA, Sancho-Bielsa F, Canales-Aguirre A, Mateos-Díaz JC, Matías-Guiu J, Aguilar J, Gómez-Pinedo U. Murine experimental models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an update. Neurologia 2024; 39:282-291. [PMID: 37116688 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease whose aetiology is unknown. It is characterised by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration. Approximately 90% of cases of ALS are sporadic, whereas the other 10% are familial. Regardless of whether the case is familial o sporadic, patients will develop progressive weakness, muscle atrophy with spasticity, and muscle contractures. Life expectancy of these patients is generally 2 to 5 years after diagnosis. DEVELOPMENT In vivo models have helped to clarify the aetiology and pathogenesis of ALS, as well as the mechanisms of the disease. However, as these mechanisms are not yet fully understood, experimental models are essential to the continued study of the pathogenesis of ALS, as well as in the search for possible therapeutic targets. Although 90% of cases are sporadic, most of the models used to study ALS pathogenesis are based on genetic mutations associated with the familial form of the disease; the pathogenesis of sporadic ALS remains unknown. Therefore, it would be critical to establish models based on the sporadic form. CONCLUSIONS This article reviews the main genetic and sporadic experimental models used in the study of this disease, focusing on those that have been developed using rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moreno-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M S Benito-Martín
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Sanclemente-Alamán
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Matías-Guiu
- Departamento de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Sancho-Bielsa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - J C Mateos-Díaz
- Departamento de Biotecnología Industrial, CIATEJ-CONACyT, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - J Matías-Guiu
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Experimental y Circuitos Neuronales del Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain
| | - U Gómez-Pinedo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Moreno-Jiménez L, Benito-Martín M, Sanclemente-Alamán I, Matías-Guiu J, Sancho-Bielsa F, Canales-Aguirre A, Mateos-Díaz J, Matías-Guiu J, Aguilar J, Gómez-Pinedo U. Modelos experimentales murinos en la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica. Puesta al día. Neurologia 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Cellular changes in motor neuron cell culture produced by cytotoxic cerebrospinal fluid from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Gomez-Pinedo U, Yáñez M, Matías-Guiu J, Galán L, Guerrero-Sola A, Benito-Martin MS, Vela A, Arranz-Tagarro JA, García AG. Cellular changes in motor neuron cell culture produced by cytotoxic cerebrospinal fluid from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurologia 2013; 29:346-52. [PMID: 24144827 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neurotoxic effects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been reported by various authors who have attributed this neurotoxicity to the glutamate in CSF-ALS. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cultures of rat embryonic cortical neurons were exposed to CSF from ALS patients during an incubation period of 24 hours. Optical microscopy was used to compare cellular changes to those elicited by exposure to 100μm glutamate, and confocal microscopy was used to evaluate immunohistochemistry for caspase-3, TNFα, and peripherin. RESULTS In the culture exposed to CSF-ALS, we observed cells with nuclear fragmentation and scarce or null structural modifications to the cytoplasmic organelles or to plasma membrane maintenance. This did not occur in the culture exposed to glutamate. The culture exposed to CSF-ALS also demonstrated increases in caspase-3, TNFα, and in peripherin co-locating with caspase-3, but not with TNFα, suggesting that TNFα may play an early role in the process of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS CFS-ALS cytotoxicity is not related to glutamate. It initially affects the nucleus without altering the cytoplasmic membrane. It causes cytoplasmic apoptosis that involves an increase in caspase-3 co-located with peripherin, which is also overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gomez-Pinedo
- Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España.
| | - M Yáñez
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - J Matías-Guiu
- Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - L Galán
- Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - A Guerrero-Sola
- Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - M S Benito-Martin
- Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - A Vela
- Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - J A Arranz-Tagarro
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - A G García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
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Ignjatović A, Stević Z, Lavrnić D, Nikolić-Kokić A, Blagojević D, Spasić M, Spasojević I. Inappropriately chelated iron in the cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:357-62. [DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2012.665929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Vela A, Galán L, Valencia C, de la Torre P, Cuadrado L, Esteban J, Guerrero A, García-Redondo A, Matías-Guiu J. SOD1-N196 mutation in a family with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Yáñez M, Galán L, Matías-Guiu J, Vela A, Guerrero A, García AG. CSF from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients produces glutamate independent death of rat motor brain cortical neurons: protection by resveratrol but not riluzole. Brain Res 2011; 1423:77-86. [PMID: 21983205 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neurotoxic effects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients suffering amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have been reported by various authors. However, variable results have been communicated and the mechanism of such neurotoxicity has been attributed to excess glutamate concentrations in ALS/CSF. We have studied here the properties of 14 CSFs from control patients and 29 CSFs from patients of ALS. We found that while ALS/CSF impairs the viability of rat brain cortical motoneurons maintained in primary cultures, this effect seemed to be exerted through a glutamate-independent mechanism. Resveratrol protected against such neurotoxic effects and antagonized the [Ca(+2)](c) elevation produced by ALS/CSF. However, riluzole did not afford protection and antagonized the resveratrol-elicited neuroprotective effects. We conclude that ALS/CSF elicited neurotoxicity on in vitro cultures of rat brain cortical motor neurons may become a sound microassay to test available novel multitargeted neuroprotective compounds with potential therapeutic application in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Yáñez
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Vela A, Galán L, Valencia C, Torre PDL, Cuadrado ML, Esteban J, Guerrero A, García-Redondo A, Matías-Guiu J. [SOD1-N196 mutation in a family with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. Neurologia 2011; 27:11-5. [PMID: 21549454 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N19S mutation is produced by substitution in the 139 position of SOD1 and was described by Mayeux in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). He suggested that it did not have a causal effect as it was found in asymptomatic and sporadic cases. Other authors in later articles did not agree. MATERIAL AND METHODS We describe a family with 4 members with ALS patients and attempt to find the carrier of the N19S mutation of the propositus. Molecular studies were performed on 15 members of the family of a different order. RESULTS The ALS cases were found in the maternal line of the propositus. The presence of the mutation was detected in 3 people, the other two were asymptomatic. One of patients with ALS in the family, who died previously, did not have the mutation. Two of the sons of this case and another of the other case did not show it. On the other hand, N19S mutation was only present in paternal branch of the propositus, where there were no cases. CONCLUSION The described family supports the hypothesis by Mayeux and against that mutation N19S has pathological consequences, since mutation is only in the family line where there are no cases with ALS. In consequence, although the described case is included as a familiar form, it cannot be attributed to the mutation, and its relationship with N19S should be considered as casual.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vela
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
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