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Antonia-Carmen L, Tiberiu Augustin G, Diana P, Alexandru T, Mihai Gheorghe L, Maria S. Grading Gangliogliomas: a Short Case Series With Clinico-Imagistic and Immunohistopathological Correlations. MAEDICA 2018; 13:241-249. [PMID: 30568746 PMCID: PMC6290183 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2018.13.3.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ganglioglioma (GG) represents an extremely rare tumor of the central nervous system, which is composed of two different cellular populations: a glial cell population and a neuronal cell population, the former being the one which will establish the histologic grade of the tumor. The current World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System divides gangliogliomas into benign (WHO grade I) and malignant (WHO grade III). Several scientific studies acknowledge that some tumors are difficult to grade but, due to the scarcity of cases as well as the lack of multicentric epidemiological data, there are no extensive studies regarding this matter in the neuropathology literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS We report a short case series of three patients with ganglioglioma who were admitted and treated at the Neurosurgery Department of "Bagdasar Arseni" Emergency Hospital. The patients had different clinical presentations, varying from migraines and epileptic seizures to development of a large, slowly growing tumor. Tissue fragments were obtained through surgical resection and sent to the Pathology Department for microscopic investigation. OUTCOMES Histopathologic examination revealed both components of the tumor, supporting the diagnosis of ganglioglioma, albeit the glial component featured different histologic grade in each tumor. The tumor diagnosed as grade II lacked mitoses, but showed conspicuous atypia and numerous multinucleated cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed immunoreactivity for synaptophysin, chromogranin A and neurofilament in the neuronal component and GFAP positivity in the glial component of the tumor. Neurofilament showed an unusual pattern of staining, in which areas with benign features showed patchy positivity, while areas with malignant features and striking nuclear pleomorphism were completely negative. CONCLUSION Due to the completely different clinical outcome, we strongly believe that a grade II ganglioglioma should be differentiated from a grade III GG, based on the lack of mitoses, necrosis and microvascular proliferation. The differentiation between grade II GG and grade I GG should be made on the cellular pleomorphism of both components (glial and neuronal). Based on our experience, we conclude that immunohistochemistry could aid in this differentiation through markers like: Ki67, neurofilament, CD34 and chromogranin A. We strongly believe that further immunohistochemical research on larger study groups will eventually lead to a consensus regarding definitive criteria for grade II gangliogliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pasov Diana
- Department of Pathology, "Bagdasar Arseni" Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tascu Alexandru
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Sajin Maria
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Terrier LM, Bauchet L, Rigau V, Amelot A, Zouaoui S, Filipiak I, Caille A, Almairac F, Aubriot-Lorton MH, Bergemer-Fouquet AM, Bord E, Cornu P, Czorny A, Dam Hieu P, Debono B, Delisle MB, Emery E, Farah W, Gauchotte G, Godfraind C, Guyotat J, Irthum B, Janot K, Le Reste PJ, Liguoro D, Loiseau H, Lot G, Lubrano V, Mandonnet E, Menei P, Metellus P, Milin S, Muckenstrum B, Roche PH, Rousseau A, Uro-Coste E, Vital A, Voirin J, Wager M, Zanello M, François P, Velut S, Varlet P, Figarella-Branger D, Pallud J, Zemmoura I. Natural course and prognosis of anaplastic gangliogliomas: a multicenter retrospective study of 43 cases from the French Brain Tumor Database. Neuro Oncol 2018; 19:678-688. [PMID: 28453747 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic gangliogliomas (GGGs) are rare tumors whose natural history is poorly documented. We aimed to define their clinical and imaging features and to identify prognostic factors. Methods Consecutive cases of anaplastic GGGs in adults prospectively entered into the French Brain Tumor Database between March 2004 and April 2014 were screened. After diagnosis was confirmed by pathological review, clinical, imaging, therapeutic, and outcome data were collected retrospectively. Results Forty-three patients with anaplastic GGG (median age, 49.4 y) from 18 centers were included. Presenting symptoms were neurological deficit (37.2%), epileptic seizure (37.2%), or increased intracranial pressure (25.6%). Typical imaging findings were unifocal location (94.7%), contrast enhancement (88.1%), central necrosis (43.2%), and mass effect (47.6%). Therapeutic strategy included surgical resection (95.3%), adjuvant radiochemotherapy (48.8%), or radiotherapy alone (27.9%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 8.0 and 24.7 months, respectively. Three- and 5-year tumor recurrence rates were 69% and 100%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 24.9%. Considering unadjusted significant prognostic factors, tumor midline crossing and frontal location were associated with shorter OS. Temporal and parietal locations were associated with longer and shorter PFS, respectively. None of these factors remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis. Conclusions We report a large series providing clinical, imaging, therapeutic, and prognostic features of adult patients treated for an intracerebral anaplastic GGG. Our results show that pathological diagnosis is difficult, that survivals are only slightly better than for glioblastomas, and that complete surgical resection followed with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy offers longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Marie Terrier
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Neurochirurgie, Tours, France.,Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR U930, Tours, France
| | - Luc Bauchet
- Department of Neurosurgery and INSERM U1051, Hôpital Saint Eloi - Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France.,French Brain Tumor DataBase, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Rigau
- French Brain Tumor DataBase, ICM, Montpellier, France.,Department of Neuropathology and INSERM U1051, Hôpital Saint Eloi - Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Aymeric Amelot
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital La Pitié Salpétrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Zouaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery and INSERM U1051, Hôpital Saint Eloi - Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France.,French Brain Tumor DataBase, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Filipiak
- Plateforme CIRE, UMR-PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, Centre INRA Val de Loire, France
| | - Agnès Caille
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm, CIC 1415, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,Service de Neurochirurgie, CHU Jean-Minjoz, 3 boulevard Alexander-Fleming, Besançon cedex, France
| | - Fabien Almairac
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Pasteur, University Hospital Center, 06000, Nice, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Aubriot-Lorton
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital François Mitterand, CHU de Dijon, 14 rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | - Eric Bord
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Cornu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital La Pitié Salpétrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Alain Czorny
- Service de Neurochirurgie, CHU Jean-Minjoz, 3 boulevard Alexander-Fleming, Besançon cedex, France
| | - Phong Dam Hieu
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - Bertrand Debono
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cèdres Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Bernadette Delisle
- Laboratoire Universitaire d'Anatomie Patholgique, Neuropathologie humaine et expérimentale, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Evelyne Emery
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Walid Farah
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital François Mitterand, CHU de Dijon, 14 rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Gauchotte
- Department of Pathology, CHU Nancy and INSERM U954, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lorraine, France
| | | | - Jacques Guyotat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Irthum
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 58, rue Montalembert, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kevin Janot
- Service de Neuroradiologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Le Reste
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Pontchaillou, 2, Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Liguoro
- Service de neurochirurgie A, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Hugues Loiseau
- Université de Bordeaux - Service de Neurochirurgie B, hôpital Pellegrin Tripode, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Lot
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Lubrano
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital de Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, 1, avenue du Professeur-Jean-Poulhès, TSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Philippe Menei
- Département de neurochirurgie, CHU d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49940 Angers cedex 9, France
| | - Philippe Metellus
- Département de neurochirurgie, Aix-Marseille université, CHU Timone, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Serge Milin
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Poitiers, Hôpital la Milétrie, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Pierre-Hugues Roche
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Nord, APHM, University Hospital of Marseille Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Rousseau
- Département de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Centre Hospitalo-universitaire d'Angers, 4 rue Larrey, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuelle Uro-Coste
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital de Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Vital
- Bordeaux Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5227, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jimmy Voirin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Strasbourg-Colmar Hospital, France
| | - Michel Wager
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imaging Laboratory, University Hospital Poitiers, 2 Rue de La Miletrie, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Marc Zanello
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphane Velut
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Neurochirurgie, Tours, France.,Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR U930, Tours, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Johan Pallud
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ilyess Zemmoura
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Neurochirurgie, Tours, France.,Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR U930, Tours, France
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Bergthold G, Bandopadhayay P, Bi WL, Ramkissoon L, Stiles C, Segal RA, Beroukhim R, Ligon KL, Grill J, Kieran MW. Pediatric low-grade gliomas: how modern biology reshapes the clinical field. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:294-307. [PMID: 24589977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade gliomas represent the most frequent brain tumors arising during childhood. They are characterized by a broad and heterogeneous group of tumors that are currently classified by the WHO according to their morphological appearance. Here we review the clinical features of these tumors, current therapeutic strategies and the recent discovery of genomic alterations characteristic to these tumors. We further explore how these recent biological findings stand to transform the treatment for these tumors and impact the diagnostic criteria for pediatric low-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenya Linda Bi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lori Ramkissoon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Stiles
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosalind A Segal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacques Grill
- Departement de Cancerologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Gustave Roussy and Unité Mixte de Recherche 8203 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Mark W Kieran
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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