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Jha DK, Gosal JS, Kumar R, Khera P. Delayed post-operative aggravation of sleep related disturbances in patients of basilar invagination with Chiari malformation: case report and review of the literature. Br J Neurosurg 2023; 37:1867-1871. [PMID: 34251945 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2021.1947981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sleep apnoea is common in patients with Basilar Invagination with Arnorld Chiari Malformation (ACM). Various studies have shown its incidence in the range of 60-70% among such patients. Most of the studies have shown improvement in sleep disturbances after decompressive surgeries for Chiari Malformations. There is no report of postoperative deterioration due to sleep apnoea in these patients. Authors report two cases of basilar invagination associated with ACM and Platybasia, who deteriorated probably due to worsening of pre-existing sleep disorders on 3rd and 7th postoperative days after their surgeries, despite clinico-radiological improvements during their early post-operative courses. Authors discuss literature related to sleep apnoea in basilar invagination associated with Chiari Malformations and share precautions, which are relevant and should be undertaken in such patients especially during early post-operative periods to avoid alarming complication which may occur even in experienced hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Jha
- Departments of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Jaskaran Singh Gosal
- Departments of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Pushpinder Khera
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Moore M, Fuell W, Jambhekar SK, Ocal E, Albert GW. Management of Sleep Apnea in Children with Chiari I Malformation: A Retrospective Study. Pediatr Neurosurg 2022; 57:175-183. [PMID: 35203083 DOI: 10.1159/000523779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The literature indicates that decompression of Chiari I malformations (CM-1) may resolve symptoms of sleep apnea. This study aims to identify the incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA), and mixed sleep apnea in a cohort of pediatric CM-1 patients treated at our institution. We also assessed apnea-hypopnea index and symptomatology before and after surgery to investigate if Chiari decompression is a viable treatment for sleep apnea in CM-1 patients. Improvement relative to ENT surgical intervention was also considered. METHODS We identified 75 patients who underwent polysomnography (PSG) from our database of 465 CM-1 patients. Sleep apnea diagnosis was based on the sleep physician's overall interpretation of the PSG. Symptomatology pre- and post-surgery was analyzed. RESULTS Of the 75 CM-1 patients that underwent PSG, 23 were diagnosed with sleep apnea. Sixteen had OSA, 6 had CSA, and 1 had mixed apnea. Twelve OSA patients received ENT intervention. Eight improved and 2 further improved after Chiari decompression. Of the 4 patients that did not improve, one of those later improved following Chiari decompression. Of the 6 CSA patients, 2 underwent Chiari decompression, but only one improved. The mixed apnea patient underwent several ENT interventions that did not relieve symptoms but improved following Chiari decompression. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, sleep apnea in CM-1 patients may be obstructive, central, or mixed and is likely multifactorial. A multidisciplinary approach to the management of these patients is important, including neurosurgery, otolaryngology, and sleep medicine. Future prospective studies will lend further insight into this condition and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Moore
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA,
| | - William Fuell
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Supriya K Jambhekar
- Sleep Medicine Service, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Eylem Ocal
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Gregory W Albert
- Division of Neurosurgery, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Feussner O, Haase R, Baier J. Case report: Otitis media with subsequent mastoiditis and cerebral herniation in a patient with Arnold chiari malformation. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1013300. [PMID: 36756533 PMCID: PMC9901363 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1013300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 13-year-old boy who unexpectedly needed to be resuscitated at home after an assumed uncomplicated otitis media. Imaging at our clinic showed mastoiditis and a cystoid mass in the left cerebellopontine angle compressing the brainstem, as well as an Arnold-Chiari-Malformation. Both the laboratory examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and surgical biopsy with pathological evaluation of the mastoid supported the inflammatory etiology of the mass. Microbiologically, Streptococcus intermedius was detected in the blood culture and CSF. Due to brain death, which most likely already existed preclinically, the organs were released for donation during the course. Our case demonstrates a very rare lethal complication of acute otitis media on the basis of a cerebral malformation and emphasizes the need to stay alert when patients complain of symptoms after assumed resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Feussner
- Department for Operative and Nonoperative Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Section for Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, University Hospital, Halle, Germany
| | - Roland Haase
- Department for Operative and Nonoperative Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Section for Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, University Hospital, Halle, Germany
| | - Jan Baier
- Department for Operative and Nonoperative Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Section for Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, University Hospital, Halle, Germany
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den Ottelander BK, de Goederen R, de Planque CA, Baart SJ, van Veelen MLC, Corel LJA, Joosten KFM, Mathijssen IMJ, Dremmen MHG. Cervical Spinal Cord Compression and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Syndromic Craniosynostosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 42:201-205. [PMID: 33272949 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebellar tonsillar herniation arises frequently in syndromic craniosynostosis and causes central and obstructive apneas in other diseases through spinal cord compression. The purposes of this study were the following: 1) to determine the prevalence of cervical spinal cord compression in syndromic craniosynostosis, and 2) to evaluate its connection with sleep-disordered breathing. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study including patients with syndromic craniosynostosis who underwent MR imaging and polysomnography. Measures encompassed the compression ratio at the level of the odontoid process and foramen magnum and the cervicomedullary angle. MR imaging studies of controls were included. Linear mixed models were developed to compare patients with syndromic craniosynostosis with controls and to evaluate the association between obstructive and central sleep apneas and MR imaging parameters. RESULTS One hundred twenty-two MR imaging scans and polysomnographies in 89 patients were paired; 131 MR imaging scans in controls were included. The mean age at polysomnography was 5.7 years (range, 0.02-18.9 years). The compression ratio at the level of the odontoid process was comparable with that in controls; the compression ratio at the level of the foramen magnum was significantly higher in patients with Crouzon syndrome (+27.1, P < .001). The cervicomedullary angle was significantly smaller in Apert, Crouzon, and Saethre-Chotzen syndromes (-4.4°, P = .01; -10.2°, P < .001; -5.2°, P = .049). The compression ratios at the level of the odontoid process and the foramen magnum, the cervicomedullary angle, and age were not associated with obstructive apneas (P > .05). Only age was associated with central apneas (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of cervical spinal cord compression in syndromic craniosynostosis is low and is not correlated to sleep disturbances. However, considering the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in syndromic craniosynostosis and the low prevalence of compression and central sleep apnea in our study, we would, nevertheless, recommend a polysomnography in case of compression on MR imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K den Ottelander
- From the Dutch Craniofacial Center (B.K.d.O., R.D.G., C.A.d.P., I.M.J.M.), Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery
| | - R de Goederen
- From the Dutch Craniofacial Center (B.K.d.O., R.D.G., C.A.d.P., I.M.J.M.), Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery
| | - C A de Planque
- From the Dutch Craniofacial Center (B.K.d.O., R.D.G., C.A.d.P., I.M.J.M.), Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery
| | - S J Baart
- Department of Biostatistics (S.J.B.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - L J A Corel
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (L.J.A.C., K.F.M.J.)
| | | | - I M J Mathijssen
- From the Dutch Craniofacial Center (B.K.d.O., R.D.G., C.A.d.P., I.M.J.M.), Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery
| | - M H G Dremmen
- Department of Radiology (M.H.G.D.), Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Chandrashekhar S, De Sousa EA. Clinical Reasoning: A young healthy woman with difficult-to-wean acute ventilator dependence. Neurology 2020; 94:e1340-e1343. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Clinical diagnosis-part II: what is attributed to Chiari I. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:1681-1693. [PMID: 31093732 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chiari malformation type I is identified as radiological appearance of cerebellar tonsil herniation below the foramen magnum. The wide spectrum of clinical manifestations variably associated sometimes encompasses signs and symptoms whose correlation with the malformation remains debatable. However, a correct clinical framework is relevant in tailoring the strategy of management, and in particular, establishing the appropriate surgical intervention. METHODS An analysis of relevant articles on this issue was performed, involving both single case reports and case series. The papers were obtained from electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar, as well as direct contact with some authors. RESULTS This review focuses on those unusual clinical pictures attributed to Chiari malformation type I (CMI), investigating their actual relationship with the morphological condition. Supposed physiopathogenetic mechanisms and clinical relevance are discussed along with an analysis on the surgical indications and results. CONCLUSION There is no clear explanation on why some patients may exhibit uncommon symptoms, often in association with the most frequent ones, but even reported as single initial clinical occurrence. Their actual incidence may have been roughly underestimated in the literature so far, because of wide heterogeneity of selection and analysis among different studies. Most of the authors appear sharing the impression that CMI surgical decompression plays a significant role in controlling the majority of these unusual symptoms, stressing their actual occurrence in relation with the malformation. A routinely multidisciplinary clinical approach has become advisable to encompass the diversity of conditions potentially associated with CMI and improve the care of CMI patients.
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Rusbridge C, McFadyen AK, Knower SP. Behavioral and clinical signs of Chiari-like malformation-associated pain and syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles spaniels. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2138-2150. [PMID: 31290195 PMCID: PMC6766577 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosis of Chiari‐like malformation‐associated pain (CM‐P) or clinically relevant syringomyelia (SM) is challenging. We sought to determine common signs. Animals One hundred thirty client‐owned Cavalier King Charles spaniels with neuroaxis magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diagnosis of CM‐P/SM. Dogs with comorbidities causing similar signs were excluded with exception of otitis media with effusion (OME). Methods Retrospective study of medical records relating signalment, signs, and MRI findings. Dogs were grouped by SM maximum transverse diameter (1 = no SM; 2 = 0.5‐1.99 mm; 3 = 2‐3.9 mm: 4 = ≥4 mm). Differences between all groups—groups 1 versus 2‐4 and groups 1‐3 versus 4—were investigated. Continuous variables were analyzed using 2‐sample t‐tests and analysis of variance. Associations between categorical variables were analyzed using Fisher's exact or chi‐square tests. Results Common signs were vocalization (65.4%), spinal pain (54.6%), reduced activity (37.7%), reduced stairs/jumping ability (35.4%), touch aversion (30.0%), altered emotional state (28.5%), and sleep disturbance (22%). Head scratching/rubbing (28.5%) was inversely associated with syrinx size (P = .005), less common in group 4 (P = .003), and not associated with OME (P = .977). Phantom scratching, scoliosis, weakness, and postural deficits were only seen in group 4 (SM ≥4 mm; P = .004). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Signs of pain are common in CM/SM but are not SM‐dependent, suggesting (not proving) CM‐P causality. Wide (≥4 mm) SM is associated with signs of myelopathy and, if the dorsal horn is involved, phantom scratching (ipsilateral) and torticollis (shoulder deviated ipsilateral; head tilt contralateral).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Rusbridge
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Surrey, United Kingdom.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susan P Knower
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Strang A, Katwa U. Persistent Central Apnea and Long-Term Outcome After Posterior Fossa Decompressive Surgery for Arnold Chiari Type 1 Malformation in a Pediatric Patient. J Clin Sleep Med 2019; 15:667-671. [PMID: 30952227 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Arnold Chiari malformation (ACM) is the most common cause of central sleep apnea (CSA) in otherwise healthy children. Although there are several case reports and series reported on this topic, there are limited descriptions of the long-term course of these children after the surgical interventions. Posterior fossa decompression surgery to relieve pressure of the herniating cerebellum on the brainstem is generally thought to significantly improve CSA in most cases, however, there are very limited data on the natural course of CSA in children following decompression surgery. There may be a subset of children in whom it may take much longer for CSA to resolve, and in some it may not resolve completely. Hence, these children need to be followed closely with sleep studies to document resolution of CSA. In this case report, we describe a 10-year-old male with severe CSA who was subsequently diagnosed with type 1 ACM and underwent posterior fossa decompressive surgery. However after surgery, although there was improvement in his CSA, he still had a significant degree of residual CSA which required bilevel positive pressure therapy and took more than 7.5 years to resolve. This case report illustrates the need for close follow-up in these children and for providers to understand the natural course so they can accurately counsel families about expectations after surgical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Strang
- Sleep Center, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Umakanth Katwa
- Sleep Center, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ferré Á, Poca MA, de la Calzada MD, Moncho D, Urbizu A, Romero O, Sampol G, Sahuquillo J. A Conditional Inference Tree Model for Predicting Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Patients With Chiari Malformation Type 1: Description and External Validation. J Clin Sleep Med 2019; 15:89-99. [PMID: 30621833 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to generate and validate supervised machine learning algorithms to detect patients with Chiari malformation (CM) 1 or 1.5 at high risk of the development of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) using clinical and neuroradiological parameters. METHODS We prospectively included two independent datasets. A training dataset (n = 90) was used to obtain the best model, whereas a second dataset was used to validate it (n = 74). In both cohorts, the same clinical, neuroradiological, and sleep studies were carried out. We used two supervised machine learning approaches, multiple logistic regression (MLR) and the unbiased recursive partitioning technique conditional inference tree (URP-CTREE), to detect patients at high risk of SRBD. We then compared the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the two prediction models. RESULTS Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.1 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.17), sex (OR 0.19 95% CI 0.05-0.67), CM type (OR 4.36 95% CI 1.14-18.5), and clivus length (OR 1.14 95% CI 1.01-1.31) were the significant predictor variables for a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) cutoff that was ≥ 10 events/h using MLR. The URP-CTREE model predicted that patients with CM-1 who were age 52 years or older and males with CM-1 who were older than 29 years had a high risk of SRBD. The accuracy of predicting patients with an RDI ≥ 10 events/h was similar in the two cohorts but in the URP-CTREE model, specificity was significantly greater when compared to MLR in both study groups. CONCLUSIONS Both MLR and URP-CTREE predictive models are useful for the diagnosis of SRBD in patients with CM. However, URP-CTREE is easier to apply and interpret in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álex Ferré
- Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María A Poca
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurosurgery Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Dolore de la Calzada
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dulce Moncho
- Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aintzane Urbizu
- Conquer Chiari Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Akron, Ohio
| | - Odile Romero
- Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de la Salud Carlos III (ISCIIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Sampol
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de la Salud Carlos III (ISCIIII), Madrid, Spain.,Pneumology Department, Vall d'Hebron Research institute, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Sahuquillo
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurosurgery Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Sexton DJ, Vaughan KM, Moran C, Plant WD, Clarkson MR, Eustace JA. Haemodialysis-induced syncope due to Chiari II malformation. Clin Kidney J 2011; 4:390-1. [PMID: 25984201 PMCID: PMC4421652 DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfr095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spina bifida (SB) is associated with chronic kidney disease as a result of vesicoureteric reflux. A proportion of patients progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Haemodialysis (HD) is probably the most common modality in ESKD, as intra-abdominal malformations and previous surgery can make peritoneal dialysis more challenging. The Chiari malformations also frequently occur in these patients. We report a case of recurrent syncope induced by HD in a patient with SB and the Chiari II malformation. Sparse data exist on the complications of HD in this patient population and on the approach to the management of dialysis-induced syncope in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal J Sexton
- Department of Renal Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kara M Vaughan
- Department of Renal Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carthage Moran
- Department of Renal Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - William D Plant
- Department of Renal Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Joseph A Eustace
- Department of Renal Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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