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Zhao SY, Zhao HH, Wang BH, Shao C, Pan WJ, Li SM. Rhein alleviates advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced inflammatory injury of diabetic cardiomyopathy in vitro and in vivo models. J Nat Med 2023; 77:898-915. [PMID: 37598111 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
In diabetic patients, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common causes of death. The inflammatory response is essential in the pathogenesis of DCM. Rhein, an anthraquinone compound, is extracted from the herb rhubarb, demonstrating various biological activities. However, it is unclear whether rhein has an anti-inflammatory effect in treating DCM. In our research, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties as well as its possible mechanism. According to the findings in vitro, rhein could to exert an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the production of NO, TNF-α, PGE2, iNOS, and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells that had been stimulated with advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). In addition, rhein alleviated H9C2 cells inflammation injury stimulated by AGEs/macrophage conditioned medium (CM). In vivo have depicted that continuous gavage of rhein could improve cardiac function and pathological changes. Moreover, it could inhibit the accumulation of AGEs and infiltration of inflammatory factors inside the heart of rats having DCM. Mechanism study showed rhein could suppress IKKβ and IκB phosphorylation via down-regulating TRAF6 expression to inhibit NF-κB pathway in AGEs/CM-induced H9C2 cells. Moreover, the anti-inflammation effect of rhein was realized through down-regulation phosphorylation of JNK MAPK. Furthermore, we found JNK MAPK could crosstalk with NF-κB pathway by regulating IκB phosphorylation without affecting IKKβ activity. And hence, the protective mechanism of rhein may involve the inhibiting of the TRAF6-NF/κB pathway, the JNK MAPK pathway, and the crosstalk between the two pathways. These results suggested that rhein may be a promising drug candidate in anti-inflammation and inflammation-related DCM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yang Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China.
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huan-Huan Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
- Nutrition Department, LinYi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Bao-Hua Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui Shao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jun Pan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Sai-Mei Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China.
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Lu J, Wang X, Feng Z, Chen Y, Wen D, Liu Z. The protective effect of isoflurane pretreatment on liver IRI by suppressing noncanonical pyroptosis of liver macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107977. [PMID: 34332342 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major complication in the perioperative period and often leads to liver failure and even systemic inflammation. Sufficient evidence has demonstrated that isoflurane has anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to determine whether isoflurane pretreatment protects against liver IRI and to investigate the mechanisms involved in this protection. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with or without isoflurane and subjected to 90 min of 70% liver ischaemia, followed by reperfusion for 6 h. Liver tissues and serum were analysed to assess liver IRI. To probe the mechanisms, liver macrophages isolated from C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with or without emulsified isoflurane for 30 min before incubation with 1 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Inflammatory cytokine production, intracellular Ca2+ levels, caspase-11 expression, NF-κB transcription, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were assessed by ELISA, an intracellular Ca2+ concentration assay, immunohistochemistry, or Western blotting. RESULTS Isoflurane preconditioning significantly relieved liver IRI in mice and LPS-induced inflammation in liver macrophages. Additionally, isoflurane pretreatment inhibited caspase-11 expression and noncanonical pyroptosis-related production of cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18). Interestingly, isoflurane preconditioning reduced intracellular Ca2+ levels, NF-κB translocation, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS-induced macrophages. Our results indicated that isoflurane preconditioning ameliorated liver IRI by suppressing noncanonical pyroptosis in liver macrophages. These findings suggest that isoflurane could be a pharmacological agent for liver IRI prevention and thus deserves more attention and further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40010, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40010, China; The Third Affliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40010, China
| | - Zhihao Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40010, China
| | - Yucheng Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40010, China
| | - Diguang Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40010, China
| | - Zuojin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 40010, China.
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Zhao X, Zhou Z. Expression and Regulation of the GABA A Receptor/STEP61 Signaling Pathway in Cerebral Cortical Neurons Treated with Emulsified Isoflurane In Vitro. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4329-4335. [PMID: 33232128 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emulsified isoflurane (EISO) is an intravenous anesthetic. However, researchers have not clearly determined how emulsified isoflurane affects the central nervous system during the process of anesthesia. The aim of this study was to explore changes in the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit (GABAA), 61 kD isoform of striatal-enriched protein phosphatase (STEP61) signaling pathway, and epigenetic regulation in cortical neurons after treatment with emulsified isoflurane. After immunological identification, the isolated neurons were randomly divided into three groups: the blank group (Con), intralipid treatment group (FE), and emulsified isoflurane treatment group (EISO). Neuron viability was assayed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The expression levels of target nucleic acids, proteins, and corresponding ligands were detected. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess the promoter methylation of ion channel proteins in the cerebral cortex of rats anesthetized with EISO, we observed changes in promoter methylation of the genes encoding gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor α1 subunit (GABAAα1), N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR1), and mu opioid receptor 1 (OPRM1), accompanied by changes in the levels of their messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) and proteins. The levels of ligands for these receptors were also altered. EISO altered the methylation rate of the promoter region of channel protein-coding genes involved in the GABAA/STEP61 signaling pathway in cerebral cortical neurons to regulate gene expression. The ligands for the receptors were also changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkai Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
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Xu H, Hao Y, Xu L, Chen L, Xu F. Tanshinone sensitized the antitumor effects of irradiation on laryngeal cancer via JNK pathway. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5187-5193. [PMID: 30239172 PMCID: PMC6198231 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal cancer is a common cancer occurred in the head and neck. Irradiation sensitivity is a problem affecting the treatment of laryngeal cancer. Tanshinone IIA has been reported to play an important role in treating multiple diseases; yet, whether Tanshinone IIA can be an irradiation sensitizer has not been reported. Clonogenic assay, annexin-V/propidium iodide double-staining assay, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay were performed to detect cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and viability. Mouse laryngeal cancer xenograft model was established and subjected to tumor size analysis. Tanshinone IIA treatment increased the irradiation sensitivity of laryngeal cancer cells by reducing cell survival, viability and proliferation, and increasing cell apoptosis. Tanshinone IIA treatment increased the survival period of mice in the in vivo laryngeal cancer model, evidenced by decreased growth and weight of tumors, which was possibly mediated through the JNK pathway. Tanshinone IIA increases the sensitivity to irradiation in laryngeal cancer cells and in vivo laryngeal cancer model, suggesting that Tanshinone IIA can be a therapeutic antitumor agent for treating laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Stomatology DepartmentAffiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantai CityChina
| | - Yu‐li Hao
- Stomatology DepartmentAffiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantai CityChina
| | - Li‐na Xu
- Otorhinolaryngology DepartmentYantai Fushan People's HospitalYantai CityChina
| | - Liang Chen
- Otorhinolaryngology DepartmentAffiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantai CityChina
| | - Feng‐wei Xu
- Yantai Stomatological HospitalYantai CityChina
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