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Hua Y, Yu C. Research progress on asialoglycoprotein receptor-targeted radiotracers designed for hepatic nuclear medicine imaging. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116278. [PMID: 38479165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) specifically recognizes glycans terminated with β-d-galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine. Its exclusive expression in mammalian hepatocytes renders it an ideal hepatic-targeted biomarker. To date, ASGPR-targeted ligands have been actively developed for drug delivery and hepatic imaging. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the progress achieved to-date in the field of developing ASGPR-targeted nuclear medicine imaging (NMI) radiotracers, highlighting the recent advancements over the last decade in terms of structure, radionuclides and labeling strategies. The biodistribution patterns, imaging characteristics, challenges and future prospective are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Hua
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214000, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Chunjing Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214000, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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Yu HM, Chan CH, Yang CH, Hsia HT, Wang MH. Hexavalent lactoside labeled with [ 18F]AlF for PET imaging of asialoglycoprotein receptor. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 162:109199. [PMID: 32501233 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Several methods have been developed to label compounds with 18F. However, in general these are laborious and require a multistep synthesis. A method based on the chelation of 18F-aluminum fluoride ([18F]AlF) by 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) was developed recently. The present work was aimed to radiolabel hexavalent lactoside (NOTA-HL) by [18F]AlF method for PET imaging of asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR). METHODS hexavalent lactoside was conjugated with the NOTA chelate and labeled with 18F in a one-pot method. The labeling procedure was investigated with different amounts of NOTA-HL and aluminum concentration. Radiochemical yield and radiochemical purity were determined by radio-TLC and radio-HPLC respectively. In vitro stability study of [18F]AlF-HL were carried out. PET/CT imaging of normal mice injected with [18F]AlF-NOTA-HL was performed. RESULTS The Radiochemical yield of [18F]AlF-NOTA-HL was higher with more precursor and optimal Al+ concentration. The radiochemical purity of labeled product was >95% after purified by Sep-Pak cartridge to remove unbound [18F]AlF. The radiolabeling, including purification, was performed in 30 min [18F]AlF-NOTA-HL exhibited good in vitro stability. PET studies in normal mice revealed high specific accumulation of activity in the liver. CONCLUSION NOTA-HL could be labeled rapidly and efficiently with aqueous 18F using AlF method. [18F]AlF-NOTA-HL would provide another efficient approach for PET imaging of ASGPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Man Yu
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Hsin Chan
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Yang
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ting Hsia
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Wang
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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Metal-Based Complexes as Pharmaceuticals for Molecular Imaging of the Liver. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030137. [PMID: 31527492 PMCID: PMC6789861 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the use of metal complexes as contrast agents (CA) and radiopharmaceuticals for the anatomical and functional imaging of the liver. The main focus was on two established imaging modalities: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine, the latter including scintigraphy and positron emission tomography (PET). The review provides an overview on approved pharmaceuticals like Gd-based CA and 99mTc-based radiometal complexes, and also on novel agents such as 68Ga-based PET tracers. Metal complexes are presented by their imaging modality, with subsections focusing on their structure and mode of action. Uptake mechanisms, metabolism, and specificity are presented, in context with advantages and limitations of the diagnostic application and taking into account the respective imaging technique.
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Qin Z, Hoh CK, Olson ES, Jahromi AH, Hall DJ, Barback CV, You YH, Yanagita M, Sharma K, Vera DR. Molecular Imaging of the Glomerulus via Mesangial Cell Uptake of Radiolabeled Tilmanocept. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1325-1332. [PMID: 30796169 PMCID: PMC6910642 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.223727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An unmet need for the clinical management of chronic kidney disease is a predictive tool of kidney function during the first decade of the disease, when there is silent loss of glomerular function. The objective of this study was to demonstrate receptor-mediated binding of tilmanocept to CD206 within the kidney and provide evidence of kinetic sensitivity of this binding to renal function. Methods: Rats were positioned in a PET scanner with the liver and kidneys within the field of view. After an intravenous injection of 68Ga-IRDye800-tilmanocept, using 1 of 2 scaled molar doses (0.02 nmol/g, n = 5; or 0.10 nmol/g, n = 5), or coinjection (n = 3) of 68Ga-IRDye800-tilmanocept (0.10 nmol/g) and unlabeled tilmanocept (5.0 nmol/g), or a negative control, 68Ga-IRDye800-DTPA-galactosyl-dextran (0.02 nmol/g, n = 5), each animal was imaged for 20 min followed by a whole-body scan. Frozen kidney sections were stained for podocytes and CD206 using immunofluorescence. Molecular imaging of diabetic db/db mice (4.9 wk, n = 6; 7.3 wk, n = 4; 13.3 wk, n = 6) and nondiabetic db/m mice (n = 6) was performed with fluorescence-labeled 99mTc-tilmanocept (18.5 MBq, 2.6 nmol). Thirty minutes after injection, blood, liver, kidneys, and urine were assayed for radioactivity. Renal time-activity curves were generated. Results: Rat PET whole-body images and time-activity curves of 68Ga-IRDye800-tilmanocept demonstrated receptor-mediated renal accumulation with evidence of glomerular uptake. Activity within the renal cortex persisted during the 40-min study. Histologic examination demonstrated colocalization of CD206 and IRDye800-tilmanocept within the glomerulus. The glomerular accumulation of the coinjection and the negative control studies were significantly less than the CD206-targeted agent. The db/db mice displayed a multiphasic renal time-activity curve with high urinary bladder accumulation; the nondiabetic mice exhibited renal uptake curves dominated by a single phase with low bladder accumulation. Conclusion: This study demonstrated receptor-mediated binding to the glomerular mesangial cells and kinetic sensitivity of tilmanocept to chronic renal disease. Given the role of mesangial cells during the progression of diabetic nephropathy, PET or SPECT renal imaging with radiolabeled tilmanocept may provide a noninvasive quantitative assessment of glomerular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Qin
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- In Vivo Cancer and Molecular Imaging Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Carl K Hoh
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- In Vivo Cancer and Molecular Imaging Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Emilia S Olson
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- In Vivo Cancer and Molecular Imaging Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Amin Haghighat Jahromi
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- In Vivo Cancer and Molecular Imaging Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David J Hall
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- In Vivo Cancer and Molecular Imaging Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Christopher V Barback
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- In Vivo Cancer and Molecular Imaging Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Young-Hyun You
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | | | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - David R Vera
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- In Vivo Cancer and Molecular Imaging Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Rotman M, Welling MM, Bunschoten A, de Backer ME, Rip J, Nabuurs RJ, Gaillard PJ, van Buchem MA, van der Maarel SM, van der Weerd L. Enhanced glutathione PEGylated liposomal brain delivery of an anti-amyloid single domain antibody fragment in a mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. J Control Release 2015; 203:40-50. [PMID: 25668771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Fluorescent-tilmanocept for tumor margin analysis in the mouse model. J Surg Res 2014; 190:528-34. [PMID: 24923630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DC) are localized in close proximity to cancer cells in many well-known tumors, and thus maybe a useful target for tumor margin assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS [(99m)Tc]- cyanine 7 (Cy7)-tilmanocept was synthesized and in vitro binding assays to bone marrow-derived DC were performed. Fifteen mice, implanted with either 4T1 mouse mammary or K1735 mouse melanoma tumors, were administered 1.0 nmol of [(99m)Tc]-Cy7-tilmanocept via tail vein injection. After fluorescence imaging 1 or 2 h after injection, the tumor, muscle, and blood were assayed for radioactivity to calculate percent-injected dose. Digital images of the tumors after immunohistochemical staining for DC were analyzed to determine DC density. RESULTS In vitro binding demonstrated subnanomolar affinity of [(99m)Tc]-Cy7-tilmanocept to DC (KA = 0.31 ± 0.11 nM). After administration of [(99m)Tc]-Cy7-tilmanocept, fluorescence imaging showed a 5.5-fold increase in tumor signal as compared with preinjection images and a 3.3-fold difference in fluorescence activity when comparing the tumor with the surgical bed after tumor excision. Immunohistochemical staining analysis demonstrated that DC density positively correlated with tumor percent of injected dose per gram (r = 0.672, P = 0.03), and higher DC density was observed at the periphery versus center of the tumor (186 ± 54 K versus 64 ± 16 K arbitrary units, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS [(99m)Tc]-Cy7-tilmanocept exhibits in vitro and in vivo tumor-specific binding to DC and maybe useful as a tumor margin targeting agent.
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Bimodal imaging probes for combined PET and OI: recent developments and future directions for hybrid agent development. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:153741. [PMID: 24822177 PMCID: PMC4009187 DOI: 10.1155/2014/153741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging—and especially positron emission tomography (PET)—has gained increasing importance for diagnosis of various diseases and thus experiences an increasing dissemination. Therefore, there is also a growing demand for highly affine PET tracers specifically accumulating and visualizing target structures in the human body. Beyond the development of agents suitable for PET alone, recent tendencies aim at the synthesis of bimodal imaging probes applicable in PET as well as optical imaging (OI), as this combination of modalities can provide clinical advantages. PET, due to the high tissue penetration of the γ-radiation emitted by PET nuclides, allows a quantitative imaging able to identify and visualize tumors and metastases in the whole body. OI on the contrary visualizes photons exhibiting only a limited tissue penetration but enables the identification of tumor margins and infected lymph nodes during surgery without bearing a radiation burden for the surgeon. Thus, there is an emerging interest in bimodal agents for PET and OI in order to exploit the potential of both imaging techniques for the imaging and treatment of tumor diseases. This short review summarizes the available hybrid probes developed for dual PET and OI and discusses future directions for hybrid agent development.
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Liu C, Guo Z, Zhang P, Song M, Zhao Z, Wu X, Zhang X. Kit formulated asialoglycoprotein receptor targeting tracer based on copolymer for liver SPECT imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:587-93. [PMID: 24815356 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Specific targeting of galactose-carrying molecule to ASGP-R in normal hepatocytes has been demonstrated before. In this study, galactosyl polystyrene was synthesized from controllable ratio of functional monomers and radio-labelled with (99m)Tc by formulated kit for SPECT imaging of hepatic function. METHODS p(VLA-co-VNI)(46:54) was synthesized by free-radical copolymerization initiated by AIBN, purified by dialysis, lyophilized to kit with Tricine and TPPTS as co-ligands for (99m)Tc labeling. Radiotracer (99m)Tc-p(VLA-co-VNI)(46:54)(Tricine)(TPPTS) was prepared and evaluated by in vitro stability, in vivo metabolism, ex vivo biodistribution and microSPECT/CT imaging in normal KM mice. MicroSPECT/CT and microMRI imaging were also performed in C57BL/b6 mice with xenograft hepatic carcinoma for hepatic function evaluation. RESULTS (99m)Tc-p(VLA-co-VNI)(46:54)(Tricine)(TPPTS) was obtained in high radio chemical purity (RCP) (>99%) by using instant kit without further purification and excellent in vitro and in vivo stability. The result of biodistribution showed that liver had high uptake (90.49±10.68 ID%/g) at 30 min after injection and was blocked significantly by cold copolymer. MicroSPECT imaging in normal KM mice at 1h and 4h after injection showed good liver retention and targeting properties. Significant defect of activity was observed in the tumor site which was confirmed by MRI imaging. CONCLUSION (99m)Tc-p(VLA-co-VNI)(46:54)(Tricine)(TPPTS) with lower ratio of targeting moiety has no observable effect on the specific binding affinity and liver uptake. This makes it possible to introduce more imaging units for multi-modality imaging. Furthermore, the instant kit preparation of (99m)Tc-labeling provides great potential for the evaluation of hepatocyte function in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Zhide Guo
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Manli Song
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zuoquan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Qin Z, Hall DJ, Liss MA, Hoh CK, Kane CJ, Wallace AM, Vera DR. Optimization via specific fluorescence brightness of a receptor-targeted probe for optical imaging and positron emission tomography of sentinel lymph nodes. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:101315. [PMID: 23958947 PMCID: PMC3745642 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.10.101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of a receptor-targeted probe designed for dual-modality mapping of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) was optimized. Specific fluorescence brightness was used as the design criterion, which was defined as the fluorescence brightness per mole of the contrast agent. Adjusting the molar ratio of the coupling reactants, IRDye 800CW-NHS-ester and tilmanocept, enabled us to control the number of fluorescent molecules attached to each tilmanocept, which was quantified by H1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Quantum yields and molar absorptivities were measured for unconjugated IRDye 800CW and IRDye 800CW-tilmanocept (800CW-tilmanocept) preparations at 0.7, 1.5, 2.3, 2.9, and 3.8 dyes per tilmanocept. Specific fluorescence brightness was calculated by multiplication of the quantum yield by the molar absorptivity and the number of dyes per tilmanocept. It predicted that the preparation with 2.3 dyes per tilmanocept would exhibit the brightest signal, which was confirmed by fluorescence intensity measurements using three optical imaging systems. When radiolabeled with Ga68 and injected into the footpads of mice, the probe identified SLNs by both fluorescence and positron emission tomography (PET) while maintaining high percent extraction by the SLN. These studies demonstrated the feasibility of 800CW-tilmanocept for multimodal SLN mapping via fluorescence and PET-computed tomography imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Qin
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Chemistry, La Jolla, California 92093
- University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Radiology, La Jolla, California 92093
- University of California, San Diego, In Vivo Cancer and Molecular Imaging Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - David J. Hall
- University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Radiology, La Jolla, California 92093
- University of California, San Diego, In Vivo Cancer and Molecular Imaging Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Michael A. Liss
- University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Surgery, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Carl K. Hoh
- University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Radiology, La Jolla, California 92093
- University of California, San Diego, In Vivo Cancer and Molecular Imaging Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Christopher J. Kane
- University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Surgery, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Anne M. Wallace
- University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Surgery, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - David R. Vera
- University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Radiology, La Jolla, California 92093
- University of California, San Diego, In Vivo Cancer and Molecular Imaging Center, La Jolla, California 92093
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Surgery, La Jolla, California 92093
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Wang Z, Niu G, Chen X. Polymeric materials for theranostic applications. Pharm Res 2013; 31:1358-76. [PMID: 23765400 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has continuously contributed to the fast development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Theranostic nanomedicine has encompassed the ongoing efforts on concurrent molecular imaging of biomarkers, delivery of therapeutic agents, and monitoring of therapy response. Among these formulations, polymer-based theranostic agents hold great promise for the construction of multifunctional agents for translational medicine. In this article, we reviewed the state-of-the-art polymeric nanoparticles, from preparation to application, as potential theranostic agents for diagnosis and therapy. We summarized several major polymer formulas, including polymeric conjugate complexes, nanospheres, micelles, and dendrimers for integrated molecular imaging and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 31, 1C22, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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Yang W, Zhao Z, Fang W, Zhang X. The preparation of 99mTc-DTPA–LSA and its instant lyophilized kit for hepatic receptor imaging. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 74:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Emerson DK, Limmer KK, Hall DJ, Han SH, Eckelman WC, Kane CJ, Wallace AM, Vera DR. A receptor-targeted fluorescent radiopharmaceutical for multireporter sentinel lymph node imaging. Radiology 2012; 265:186-93. [PMID: 22753678 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12120638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the imaging and receptor-binding properties of a multireporter probe designed for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping via nuclear and fluorescence detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animal experiments were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. A multireporter probe was synthesized by covalently attaching cyanine 7 (Cy7), a near-infrared cyanine dye, to tilmanocept, a radiopharmaceutical that binds to a receptor specific to recticuloendothelial cells. In vitro binding assays of technetium 99m (99mTc)-labeled Cy7 tilmanocept were conducted at 4°C by using receptor-bearing macrophages. Optical SLN imaging after foot pad administration was performed by using two molar doses of Cy7 tilmanocept. Six mice were injected with 0.11 nmol of 99mTc-labeled Cy7 tilmanocept (low-dose group); an additional six mice were injected with 31 nmol of 99mTc-labeled Cy7 tilmanocept (high-dose group) to saturate the receptor sites within the SLN. After 2.5 hours of imaging, the mice were euthanized, and the sentinel and distal lymph nodes were excised and assayed for radioactivity for calculation of SLN percentage of injected dose and extraction. Four mice were used as controls for autofluorescence. Standard optical imaging software was used to plot integrated fluorescence intensity against time for calculation of the SLN uptake rate constant and scaled peak intensity. Significance was calculated by using the Student t test. RESULTS In vitro binding assays showed subnanomolar affinity (mean dissociation constant, 0.25 nmol/L±0.10 [standard deviation]). Fluorescence imaging showed a detection sensitivity of 1.6×10(3) counts·sec(-1)·μW(-1) per picomole of Cy7. All four imaging metrics (percentage of injected dose, SLN extraction, SLN uptake rate constant, and expected peak fluorescence intensity) exhibited higher values (P=.005 to P=.042) in the low-dose group than in the high-dose group; this finding was consistent with receptor-mediated image formation. CONCLUSION The multireporter probe 99mTc-labeled Cy7 tilmanocept exhibits in vitro and in vivo receptor-binding properties for successful receptor-targeted SLN mapping with nuclear and optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek K Emerson
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Department of Surgery, and UCSD In Vivo Cancer and Molecular Imaging Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Yang W, Mou T, Shao G, Wang F, Zhang X, Liu B. Copolymer-Based Hepatocyte Asialoglycoprotein Receptor Targeting Agent for SPECT. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:978-85. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.085167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Buckle T, Chin PTK, van Leeuwen FWB. (Non-targeted) radioactive/fluorescent nanoparticles and their potential in combined pre- and intraoperative imaging during sentinel lymph node resection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:482001. [PMID: 21063057 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/48/482001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
One clinical precedent for the use of nanosized imaging agents is the localization of the tumor draining sentinel lymph nodes. In this application, radiocolloids such as (99m)Tc-NanoColl are currently used to plan the surgical procedure and to provide acoustic guidance during the intervention. Additional injections of dyes are common to provide optical surgical guidance. Bimodal imaging agents, which are both radioactive and fluorescent, have the potential to be used for both surgical planning and intraoperative fluorescence guidance towards the sentinel lymph nodes. This review provides an overview of the radioactive, fluorescent, and size properties of (non-targeted) bimodal nanoparticles, and their (potential) value in sentinel lymph node detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Buckle
- Department of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Oncology at the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ogawa M, Regino CAS, Seidel J, Green MV, Xi W, Williams M, Kosaka N, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Dual-modality molecular imaging using antibodies labeled with activatable fluorescence and a radionuclide for specific and quantitative targeted cancer detection. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 20:2177-84. [PMID: 19919110 DOI: 10.1021/bc900362k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multimodality molecular imaging should have potential for compensating the disadvantages and enhancing the advantages of each modality. Nuclear imaging is superior to optical imaging in whole body imaging and in quantification due to good tissue penetration of gamma rays. However, target specificity can be compromised by high background signal due to the always signal ON feature of nuclear probes. In contrast, optical imaging can be superior in target-specific imaging by employing target-specific signal activation systems, although it is not quantitative because of signal attenuation. In this study, to take advantage of the mutual cooperation of each modality, multimodality imaging was performed by a combination of quantitative radiolabeled probe and an activatable optical probe. The monoclonal antibodies, panitumumab (anti-HER1) and trastuzumab (anti-HER2), were labeled with 111In and ICG and tested in both HER1 and HER2 tumor bearing mice by the cocktail injection of radiolabeled and optical probes and by the single injection of a dual-labeled probe. The optical and nuclear images were obtained over 6 days after the conjugates injection. The fluorescence activation properties of ICG labeled antibodies were also investigated by in vitro microscopy. In vitro microscopy demonstrated that there was no fluorescence signal with either panitumumab-ICG or trastuzumab-ICG, when the probes were bound to cell surface antigens but were not yet internalized. After the conjugates were internalized into the cells, both conjugates showed bright fluorescence signal only in the target cells. These results show that both conjugates work as activatable probes. In in vivo multimodality imaging by injection of a cocktail of radio-optical probes, only the target specific tumor was visualized by optical imaging. Meanwhile, the biodistribution profile of the injected antibody was provided by nuclear imaging. Similar results were obtained with radio and optical dual-labeled probes, and it is confirmed that pharmacokinetic properties did not affect the results above. Here, we could characterize the molecular targets by activatable optical probes and visualize the delivery of targeting molecules quantitatively by radioactive probes. Multimodality molecular imaging combining activatable optical and radioactive probes has great potential for simultaneous visualization, characterization, and measurement of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Ogawa
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Xiong C, Lu W, Zhang R, Tian M, Tong W, Gelovani J, Li C. Cell-permeable [99mTc(CO3)]-labeled fluorogenic caspase 3 substrate for dual-modality detection of apoptosis. Chemistry 2009; 15:8979-84. [PMID: 19637160 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiyi Xiong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, U.T.M.D Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Leblond F, Davis SC, Valdés PA, Pogue BW. Pre-clinical whole-body fluorescence imaging: Review of instruments, methods and applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2009; 98:77-94. [PMID: 20031443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence sampling of cellular function is widely used in all aspects of biology, allowing the visualization of cellular and sub-cellular biological processes with spatial resolutions in the range from nanometers up to centimeters. Imaging of fluorescence in vivo has become the most commonly used radiological tool in all pre-clinical work. In the last decade, full-body pre-clinical imaging systems have emerged with a wide range of utilities and niche application areas. The range of fluorescent probes that can be excited in the visible to near-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum continues to expand, with the most value for in vivo use being beyond the 630 nm wavelength, because the absorption of light sharply decreases. Whole-body in vivo fluorescence imaging has not yet reached a state of maturity that allows its routine use in the scope of large-scale pre-clinical studies. This is in part due to an incomplete understanding of what the actual fundamental capabilities and limitations of this imaging modality are. However, progress is continuously being made in research laboratories pushing the limits of the approach to consistently improve its performance in terms of spatial resolution, sensitivity and quantification. This paper reviews this imaging technology with a particular emphasis on its potential uses and limitations, the required instrumentation, and the possible imaging geometries and applications. A detailed account of the main commercially available systems is provided as well as some perspective relating to the future of the technology development. Although the vast majority of applications of in vivo small animal imaging are based on epi-illumination planar imaging, the future success of the method relies heavily on the design of novel imaging systems based on state-of-the-art optical technology used in conjunction with high spatial resolution structural modalities such as MRI, CT or ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Leblond
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Culver J, Akers W, Achilefu S. Multimodality Molecular Imaging with Combined Optical and SPECT/PET Modalities: TABLE 1. J Nucl Med 2008; 49:169-72. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.107.043331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Adams KE, Ke S, Kwon S, Liang F, Fan Z, Lu Y, Hirschi K, Mawad ME, Barry MA, Sevick-Muraca EM. Comparison of visible and near-infrared wavelength-excitable fluorescent dyes for molecular imaging of cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2007; 12:024017. [PMID: 17477732 DOI: 10.1117/1.2717137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Targeted fluorescent molecular imaging probes may provide an optimal means of detecting disease. Stable, organic fluorophores can be repeatedly excited in vivo by propagated light and consequentially can provide large signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for image detection of target tissues. In the literature, many small animal imaging studies are performed with a red excitable dye, Cy5.5, conjugated to the targeting component. We report the comparison of the in vivo fluorescent imaging performance of a near-IR (NIR) and a red-excitable dye. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was conjugated with Cy5.5 [excitation/emission (ex/em), 660710 nm] or IRDye 800CW (ex/em: 785830 nm) for imaging EGF receptor (EGFr) positive (MDA-MB-468) and/or negative (MDA-MB-435) human breast cancer cell lines in subcutaneous xenograft models. The conjugates were injected intravenously at 1-nmol-dye equivalent with and without anti-EGFr monoclonal antibody C225, preadministered 24 h prior as a competitive ligand to EGFr. Our images show that while both agents target EGFr, the EGF-IRDye 800CW evidenced a significantly reduced background and enhanced the tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) compared to the EGF-Cy5.5. Immunohistochemistry shows that EGF causes activation of the EGFr signaling pathway, suggesting that prior to use as a targeting, diagnostic agent, potential deleterious effects should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Adams
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Radiology, One Baylor Plaza, MS 360, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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