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Karas KH, Baharikhoob P, Kolla NJ. Borderline personality disorder and its symptom clusters: A review of positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography studies. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 316:111357. [PMID: 34488007 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are two neuroimaging techniques that have led to important insights into the pathophysiology of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and its symptom clusters. This paper provides the most up-to-date review of PET and SPECT studies targeting BPD. A systematic search of PET and SPECT studies using the databases PsycINFO, PubMed, and Embase was implemented, which yielded 30 articles in the end. Earlier PET studies largely reported decreased glucose metabolism in prefrontal brain regions. More recent PET research has pointed to alterations in monoaminergic systems, greater activation of the opioid system during sadness induction, as well as abnormalities of the brain endocannabinoid system in BPD. SPECT studies of BPD mainly identified changes in regional cerebral blood flow and alterations of the serotonergic system. Such PET and SPECT study abnormalities have been suggested to relate to the symptomatology of BPD, including impulsivity, aggression, and mood changes. The implications of these neuroimaging studies in terms of shedding new light on the pathophysiology of BPD and providing new avenues for drug development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina H Karas
- Brain Health Imaging Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paria Baharikhoob
- Brain Health Imaging Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan J Kolla
- Brain Health Imaging Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada.
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K EG, R AF, F K, N AG, A B, Gh A. Estimating the Absorbed Dose of Organs in Pediatric Imaging of 99mTc-DTPATc-DTPA Radiopharmaceutical using MIRDOSE Software. J Biomed Phys Eng 2019; 9:285-294. [PMID: 31341874 PMCID: PMC6613160 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In this study, organ radiation doses were calculated for the renal agent 99mTc-DTPATc-DTPA in children. Bio-kinetic energy of 99mTc-DTPATc-DTPA was evaluated
by scintigraphy and estimates for absorbed radiation dose were provided using standard medical internal radiation dosimetry (MIRD) techniques.
Material and Methods: In this applied research, fourteen children patients (6 males and 8 females) were imaged using a series of planar and SPECT images after injecting with technetium-99mTc-DTPA
diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPATc-DTPA). A hybrid planar/SPECT method was used to plot time-activity curves to obtain the residence time of the
source organs and also MIRDOSE software was used to calculate the absorbed dose of every organ. P-values were calculated using t-tests in order to make a comparison between the adsorbed doses of male and female groups.
Results: Mean absorbed doses (µGy/MBq) for urinary bladder wall, kidneys, gonads, liver and adrenals were 213.5±47.8, 12.97±6.23, 12.0±2.5, 4.29±1.47, and 3.31±0.96, respectively. Furthermore,
the mean effective dose was 17.5±3.7 µSv/MBq. There was not any significant difference in the mean absorbed dose of the two groups.
Conclusion: Bladder cumulated activity was the most contribution in the effective dose of patients scanned with 99mTc-DTPATc-DTPA. Using a hybrid planar/SPECT method
can cause an increase in accumulated activity accuracy for the region of interest. Moreover, patient-specified internal dosimetry is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahimnejad Gorji K
- Department of Medical Physics Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abedi Firouzjah R
- Department of Medical Physics Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Khanzadeh F
- Department of Medical Radiation, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdi-Goushbolagh N
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Banaei A
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ataei Gh
- Department of Radiology Technology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
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Serotonin transporter binding is increased in Tourette syndrome with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Sci Rep 2019; 9:972. [PMID: 30700759 PMCID: PMC6353942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While the importance of the serotonergic system in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is well established, its role in Tourette syndrome (TS) is uncertain. Particularly in TS patients with comorbid OCD (TS + OCD), decreased serotonin transporter (SERT) binding has been suggested. Here, we investigated for the first time SERT binding in TS patients with and without OCD (TS - OCD) compared to both healthy controls (HC) and OCD patients as well as the influence of escitalopram using the potent SERT imaging ligand [123I]2-((2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)thio)-5-iodophenylamine ([123I]ADAM) and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT). We included 33 adult subjects (10 HC, 10 TS - OCD, 8 TS + OCD and 5 OCD). In patients with OCD and TS + OCD [123I]ADAM SPECT was repeated after 12-16 weeks treatment with escitalopram. SERT binding was normal in patients with OCD and TS - OCD, but significantly increased (p < 0.05) in those with TS + OCD, particularly in caudate and midbrain compared to both HC and TS - OCD. Treatment with escitalopram resulted in a significant overall reduction in SERT binding (range, 19 to 79%, p values between 0.0409 and <0.0001) without any correlation with clinical improvement. Our results provide further evidence that alterations in the serotonergic system in TS are related to comorbid OCD and do not represent the primary cause of the disease.
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Maslej MM, Bolker BM, Russell MJ, Eaton K, Durisko Z, Hollon SD, Swanson GM, Thomson JA, Mulsant BH, Andrews PW. The Mortality and Myocardial Effects of Antidepressants Are Moderated by Preexisting Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2018; 86:268-282. [PMID: 28903117 DOI: 10.1159/000477940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidepressants (ADs) are commonly prescribed medications, but their long-term health effects are debated. ADs disrupt multiple adaptive processes regulated by evolutionarily ancient biochemicals, potentially increasing mortality. However, many ADs also have anticlotting properties that can be efficacious in treating cardiovascular disease. We conducted a meta-analysis assessing the effects of ADs on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in general-population and cardiovascular-patient samples. METHODS Two reviewers independently assessed articles from PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for AD-related mortality controlling for depression and other comorbidities. From these articles, we extracted information about cardiovascular events, cardiovascular risk status, and AD class. We conducted mixed-effect meta-analyses testing sample type and AD class as moderators of all-cause mortality and new cardiovascular events. RESULTS Seventeen studies met our search criteria. Sample type consistently moderated health risks. In general-population samples, AD use increased the risks of mortality (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14-1.55) and new cardiovascular events (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08-1.21). In cardiovascular patients, AD use did not significantly affect risks. AD class also moderated mortality, but the serotonin reuptake inhibitors were not significantly different from tricyclic ADs (TCAs) (HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.93-1.31, p = 0.27). Only "other ADs" were differentiable from TCAs (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.08-1.69). Mortality risk estimates increased when we analyzed the subset of studies controlling for premedication depression, suggesting the absence of confounding by indication. CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that ADs are harmful in the general population but less harmful in cardiovascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M Maslej
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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The Role of Serotonin Transporter in Human Lung Development and in Neonatal Lung Disorders. Can Respir J 2017; 2017:9064046. [PMID: 28316463 PMCID: PMC5337869 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9064046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Failure of the vascular pulmonary remodeling at birth often manifests as pulmonary hypertension (PHT) and is associated with a variety of neonatal lung disorders including a uniformly fatal developmental disorder known as alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV). Serum serotonin regulation has been linked to pulmonary vascular function and disease, and serotonin transporter (SERT) is thought to be one of the key regulators in these processes. We sought to find evidence of a role that SERT plays in the neonatal respiratory adaptation process and in the pathomechanism of ACD/MPV. Methods. We used histology and immunohistochemistry to determine the timetable of SERT protein expression in normal human fetal and postnatal lungs and in cases of newborn and childhood PHT of varied etiology. In addition, we tested for a SERT gene promoter defect in ACD/MPV patients. Results. We found that SERT protein expression begins at 30 weeks of gestation, increases to term, and stays high postnatally. ACD/MPV patients had diminished SERT expression without SERT promoter alteration. Conclusion. We concluded that SERT/serotonin pathway is crucial in the process of pulmonary vascular remodeling/adaptation at birth and plays a key role in the pathobiology of ACD/MPV.
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Wu CH, Chang CS, Yang YK, Shen LH, Yao WJ. Comparison of brain serotonin transporter using [I-123]-ADAM between obese and non-obese young adults without an eating disorder. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170886. [PMID: 28182708 PMCID: PMC5300236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral serotonin metabolism has an important but controversial role in obesity. However, it is not given enough attention in morbidly obese young adults. We used single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with [I-123]-labeled 2-((2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)thio)-5-iodophenylamine (ADAM) to investigate changes in serotonin transporter (SERT) availability in 10 morbidly obese young adults without an eating disorder (M/F = 5/5, body mass index (BMI): 40.3 ± 4.1 kg/m2, percentage of body fat (BF%): 46.0 ± 3.9%) and 10 age- and sex-matched non-obese controls (BMI: 20.3 ± 1.2 kg/m2, BF%: 20.6 ± 8.9%). All participants underwent SPECT at 10 min and 6 h after an injection of 200 MBq of [I-123]-ADAM. The SERT binding site (midbrain) was drawn with cerebellum normalization. The BF% and fat distribution were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The midbrain/cerebellum SERT binding ratios (2.49 ± 0.46 vs. 2.47 ± 0.47; p = 0.912) at 6 h were not significantly different between groups, nor was the distribution of the summed images at 10 min (1.36 ± 0.14 vs. 1.35 ± 0.11; p = 0.853). There were no significant correlations between midbrain/cerebellum SERT binding ratio and age, BMI, BF%, or fat distribution. No significant difference in SERT availability in the midbrain between morbidly obese and non-obese young adults without an eating disorder indicates an unmet need for investigating the role of cerebral serotonin in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsing Wu
- Departments of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institutes of Behavioral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institutes of Gerontology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sung Chang
- Departments of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institutes of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Institutes of Behavioral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Departments of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Hang Shen
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Longtan Township, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Yao
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Andrews PW, Bharwani A, Lee KR, Fox M, Thomson JA. Is serotonin an upper or a downer? The evolution of the serotonergic system and its role in depression and the antidepressant response. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 51:164-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Dupuis J, Harel F, Nguyen QT. Molecular imaging of the pulmonary circulation in health and disease. Clin Transl Imaging 2014; 2:415-426. [PMID: 25360422 PMCID: PMC4209091 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-014-0076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary circulation, at the unique crossroads between the left and the right heart, is submitted to large physiologic hemodynamic variations and possesses numerous important metabolic functions mediated through its vast endothelial surface. There are many pathologic conditions that can directly or indirectly affect the pulmonary vasculature and modify its physiology and functions. Pulmonary hypertension, the end result of many of these affections, is unfortunately diagnosed too late in the disease process, meaning that there is a crying need for earlier diagnosis and surrogate markers of disease progression and regression. By targeting endothelial, medial and adventitial targets of the pulmonary vasculature, novel molecular imaging agents could provide early detection of physiologic and biologic perturbation in the pulmonary circulation. This review provides the rationale for the development of molecular imaging agents for the diagnosis and follow-up of disorders of the pulmonary circulation and discusses promising targets for SPECT and positron emission tomographic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Dupuis
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8 Canada ; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - François Harel
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8 Canada ; Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Quang T Nguyen
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8 Canada
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Duan Y, Lockwood J, Wei L, Hunter C, Soueidan K, Bensimon C, Fernando P, Wells RG, Ruddy TD. Biodistribution and radiodosimetry of a novel myocardial perfusion tracer 123I-CMICE-013 in healthy rats. EJNMMI Res 2014; 4:16. [PMID: 24620906 PMCID: PMC3995622 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-4-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 123I-CMICE-013 is a novel radiotracer previously reported to have promising characteristics for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging. We evaluated the biokinetics and radiodosimetry of this rotenone-like 123I-labeled tracer in a microSPECT imaging-based study. METHODS 37 to 111 MBq of 123I-CMICE-013 was synthesized and administered intravenously to 14 healthy rats. Images were acquired with a microSPECT/CT camera at various time intervals and reconstructed to allow activity quantification in the tissues of interest. Radiation dosage resulted from the injection of 123I-CMICE-013 was estimated base on the biodistribution data. Tissue uptake values from image analysis were verified by gamma-counting dissected organs ex vivo. RESULTS The heart/stomach and heart/intestine uptake ratios peaked shortly after the injection of 123I-CMICE-013, meanwhile the heart/liver ratio reached 2 as early as at 23 min post-injection. Little activity was observed in the lung and overnight clearance was significant in most of the measured tissues. The radiation dosimetry analysis based on the time-activity curves provided an estimate of the effective human dose of 6.99E-03 mSv/MBq using ICRP 60 and 7.15E-03 mSv/MBq using ICRP 103, which is comparable to the popular myocardium perfusion imaging (MPI) agents such as 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 99mTc-sestamibi, as well as other 123I-based radiotracers. CONCLUSIONS 123I-CMICE-013 demonstrated desirable characteristics in its biokinetic and radiodosimetric profiles, supporting its potential application as a novel myocardial perfusion imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Duan
- Nordion Inc, 447 March Road, Ottawa, ON K2K 1X8, Canada
- Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (CMICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, UOHI-H5228, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4 W7, Canada
| | - Julia Lockwood
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4 W7, Canada
- Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (CMICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, UOHI-H5228, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4 W7, Canada
| | - Lihui Wei
- Nordion Inc, 447 March Road, Ottawa, ON K2K 1X8, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4 W7, Canada
- Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (CMICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, UOHI-H5228, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4 W7, Canada
| | - Chad Hunter
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4 W7, Canada
| | - Karen Soueidan
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4 W7, Canada
- Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (CMICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, UOHI-H5228, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4 W7, Canada
| | - Corinne Bensimon
- Nordion Inc, 447 March Road, Ottawa, ON K2K 1X8, Canada
- Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (CMICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, UOHI-H5228, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4 W7, Canada
| | - Pasan Fernando
- Nordion Inc, 447 March Road, Ottawa, ON K2K 1X8, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4 W7, Canada
- Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (CMICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, UOHI-H5228, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4 W7, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8 M5, Canada
| | - R Glenn Wells
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4 W7, Canada
- Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (CMICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, UOHI-H5228, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4 W7, Canada
| | - Terrence D Ruddy
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4 W7, Canada
- Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (CMICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, UOHI-H5228, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4 W7, Canada
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Liik M, Paris M, Vahter L, Gross-Paju K, Haldre S. 123I-ADAM SPET imaging of serotonin transporter in patients with epilepsy and comorbid depression. BMC Neurol 2013; 13:204. [PMID: 24341899 PMCID: PMC3866947 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-13-204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Purpose of the study was to investigate alterations in midbrain serotonin transporter (SERT) binding in patients with epilepsy and symptoms of depression compared to patients with epilepsy with no symptoms of depression. Methods We studied 12 patients with epilepsy (7 patients had focal and 5 had generalized epilepsy syndromes). The presence of self-reported symptoms of depression was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Emotional State Questionnaire (EST-Q). The binding potential of the SERT was assessed by performing brain single photon emission tomography (SPET) using the SERT radioligand 2-((2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)thio)-5-(123)iodophenylamine (123I-ADAM). Results Seven patients had BDI and EST-Q subscale scores greater than 11 points, which was interpreted as the presence of symptoms of depression. We found that 123I-ADAM binding was not significantly different between patients with epilepsy with and without symptoms of depression. In addition, 123I-ADAM binding did not show a significant correlation to either BDI or EST-Q depression subscale scores and did not differ between patients with focal vs. generalized epilepsy. Conclusion The results of our study failed to demonstrate alterations of SERT binding properties in patients with epilepsy with or without symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarika Liik
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, 8 L, Puusepa St,, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
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Chang KW, Lin MC, Lee SY, Chen HY, Chen CC, Fu YK. Effects of [123I]ADAM, a serotonin transporter radiopharmaceutical, on pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:2646-51. [PMID: 22960183 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin transport abnormalities are implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. [(123)I]ADAM ([(123)I]-2-([2-({dimethylamino}methyl)phenyl]thio)-5-iodophenylamine) is a novel radiotracer that targets serotonin transporters. We assessed the toxicity of [(123)I]ADAM (18.5 MBq) administered in early- and late-phases (8 and 14 day postfertilization, respectively) of pregnancy. The mortality, clinical status, and gross necropsy were measured in pregnant rats, and the fertility index was measured in rat offspring (weight, clinical observations). We found no dosing-related clinical signs. In conclusion, [(123)I]ADAM was not toxic in an animal pregnancy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Chang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Division of Isotope Application, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
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The role of molecular imaging in the diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric disorders. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:439397. [PMID: 21541178 PMCID: PMC3085432 DOI: 10.1155/2011/439397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are becoming a major socioeconomic burden to modern society. In recent years, a dramatic expansion of tools has facilitated the study of the molecular basis of neuropsychiatric disorders. Molecular imaging has enabled the noninvasive characterization and quantification of biological processes at the cellular, tissue, and organism levels in intact living subjects. This technology has revolutionized the practice of medicine and has become critical to quality health care. New advances in research on molecular imaging hold promise for personalized medicine in neuropsychiatric disorders, with adjusted therapeutic doses, predictable responses, reduced adverse drug reactions, early diagnosis, and personal health planning. In this paper, we discuss the development of radiotracers for imaging dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems and β-amyloid plaques. We will underline the role of molecular imaging technologies in various neuropsychiatric disorders, describe their unique strengths and limitations, and suggest future directions in the diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Lin KJ, Weng YH, Wey SP, Hsiao IT, Lu CS, Skovronsky D, Chang HP, Kung MP, Yen TC. Whole-Body Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of 18F-FP-(+)-DTBZ (18F-AV-133): A Novel Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Imaging Agent. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:1480-5. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.078196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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New methods for registering long-time I-123 ADAM SPECT image sequences to magnetic resonance images. Nucl Med Commun 2010; 31:734-40. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e32833b7534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang JL, Deutsch EC, Oya S, Kung HF. FlipADAM: a potential new SPECT imaging agent for the serotonin transporter. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 37:577-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jarkas N, Voll RJ, Williams L, Goodman MM. Validation of two fluoro-analogues of N,N-dimethyl-2-(2′-amino-4′-hydroxymethyl-phenylthio)benzylamine as serotonin transporter imaging agents using microPET. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 37:593-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chang KW, Chen CC, Lee SY, Shen LH, Wang HE. Development of acute and subacute toxicity with the serotonin transporter radiopharmaceutical, ADAM. Drug Chem Toxicol 2010; 33:393-402. [PMID: 20550426 DOI: 10.3109/01480540903530753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It is predicted that depression will become the most common neurological disease in the new millennium. Its incidence is currently about 3% of diseases worldwide. Serotonin is an essential neurotransmitter for the central and peripheral nervous systems and plays a crucial role in neuropsychiatric disorders. (123)I-labeled ADAM was developed to facilitate an early diagnosis of serotonin transporter (SERT) abnormalities in the brain. Many studies have confirmed that the binding of this radiotracer to SERTs is associated with depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of ADAM and to determine its no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) by administering it via intravenous injection to Sprague-Dawley rats for 14 consecutive days. None of the animals died, and no treatment-related clinical signs were observed. Urinalysis, hematology, and clinical chemistry analysis revealed that daily administration of ADAM (2-2-dimethylaminomethylphenylthio-5-iodophenylamine) for 2 weeks had no toxicological effects. It is concluded that ADAM exerts no adverse toxic effects on this animal model. The NOAEL was 155 microg/kg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin KJ, Hsu WC, Hsiao IT, Wey SP, Jin LW, Skovronsky D, Wai YY, Chang HP, Lo CW, Yao CH, Yen TC, Kung MP. Whole-body biodistribution and brain PET imaging with [18F]AV-45, a novel amyloid imaging agent--a pilot study. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 37:497-508. [PMID: 20447562 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The compound (E)-4-(2-(6-(2-(2-(2-(18)F-fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy) pyridin-3-yl)vinyl)-N-methylbenzenamine ([(18)F]AV-45) is a novel radiopharmaceutical capable of selectively binding to beta-amyloid (A beta) plaques. This pilot study reports the safety, biodistribution, and radiation dosimetry of [(18)F]AV-45 in human subjects. METHODS In vitro autoradiography and fluorescent staining of postmortem brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitively healthy subjects were performed to assess the specificity of the tracer. Biodistribution was assessed in three healthy elderly subjects (mean age: 60.0+/-5.2 years) who underwent 3-h whole-body positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomographic (CT) scans after a bolus injection of 381.9+/-13.9 MBq of [(18)F]AV-45. Another six subjects (three AD patients and three healthy controls, mean age: 67.7+/-13.6 years) underwent brain PET studies. Source organs were delineated on PET/CT. All subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for obtaining structural information. RESULTS In vitro autoradiography revealed exquisitely high specific binding of [(18)F]AV-45 to postmortem AD brain sections, but not to the control sections. There were no serious adverse events throughout the study period. The peak uptake of the tracer in the brain was 5.12+/-0.41% of the injected dose. The highest absorbed organ dose was to the gallbladder wall (184.7+/-78.6 microGy/MBq, 4.8 h voiding interval). The effective dose equivalent and effective dose values for [(18)F]AV-45 were 33.8+/-3.4 microSv/MBq and 19.3+/-1.3 microSv/MBq, respectively. CONCLUSION [(18)F]AV-45 binds specifically to A beta in vitro, and is a safe PET tracer for studying A beta distribution in human brain. The dosimetry is suitable for clinical and research application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
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Huang YY, Ma KH, Tseng TW, Chou TK, Ng H, Mirsalis JC, Fu YK, Chu TC, Huang WS, Shiue CY. Biodistribution, toxicity and radiation dosimetry studies of the serotonin transporter radioligand 4-[18F]-ADAM in rats and monkeys. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009; 37:545-55. [PMID: 19820930 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-009-1281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 4-[(18)F]-ADAM is a potent serotonin transport imaging agent. We studied its toxicity in rats and radiation dosimetry in monkeys before human studies are undertaken. METHODS Single and multiple-dosage toxicity studies were conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats. Male and female rats were injected intravenously with 4-F-ADAM as a single dose of 1,023.7 microg/kg (1,000 times the human dose) or as five consecutive daily doses of 102.37 microg/kg (100 times the human dose). PET/CT scans were performed in seven Formosa Rock monkeys (four males and three females) using a Siemens Biograph scanner. After injection of 4-[(18)F]-ADAM (182+/-8 MBq), a low dose CT scan and a series of eight whole-body PET scans were performed. Whole-body images were acquired in 3-D mode. Time-activity data of source organs were used to calculate the residence times and estimate the absorbed radiation dose using OLINDA/EXM software. RESULTS In the rats neither the single dose nor the five daily doses of 4-F-ADAM produced overt adverse effects clinically. In the monkeys the radiation doses received by most organs ranged between 7.1 and 35.7 microGy/MBq, and the urinary bladder was considered to be the critical organ. The effective doses extrapolated to male and female adult humans were 17.4 and 21.8 microSv/MBq, respectively. CONCLUSION Toxicity studies in Sprague-Dawley rats and radiation dosimetry studies in Formosa Rock monkeys suggested that 4-[(18)F]-ADAM is safe for use in human PET imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yao Huang
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, 325 Sec. 2, Cheng-Kung Rd., Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lundgren JD, Newberg AB, Allison KC, Wintering NA, Ploessl K, Stunkard AJ. 123I-ADAM SPECT imaging of serotonin transporter binding in patients with night eating syndrome: a preliminary report. Psychiatry Res 2008; 162:214-20. [PMID: 18281200 PMCID: PMC2441922 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Night eating syndrome (NES) represents a delay in the circadian pattern of food intake, manifested by evening hyperphagia and/or nocturnal awakenings accompanied by ingestions of food. A neurobiological marker of NES has been implicated with the recently discovered therapeutic response to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sertraline. This pilot SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) study compared the serotonin transporter (SERT) uptake ratios of night eaters with those of healthy controls. Six night eaters underwent SPECT imaging using the radiopharmaceutical (123)I-ADAM. Uptake, compared with that of the cerebellum, was obtained for the midbrain, basal ganglia, and temporal lobes; uptake ratios in night eaters were compared with those of six healthy controls. Night eaters had significantly greater SERT uptake ratios in the midbrain than healthy controls. These findings, in conjunction with the therapeutic response of NES to sertraline, indicate that the serotonin system is involved in the pathophysiology of NES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D. Lundgren
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for weight and Eating Disorders, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew B. Newberg
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly C. Allison
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for weight and Eating Disorders, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy A. Wintering
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karl Ploessl
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Albert J. Stunkard
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Center for weight and Eating Disorders, Philadelphia, PA, USA,*Correspondence: Albert J. Stunkard, 3535 Market Street, Ste. 3025, Philadelphia, PA., 19104-3309; ph: 215-898-7413; fax: 215-898-2878;
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Sharma S, Ebadi M. SPECT neuroimaging in translational research of CNS disorders. Neurochem Int 2008; 52:352-62. [PMID: 17904694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 07/14/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
High resolution SPECT imaging is an emerging field and there are only limited studies as yet available in this direction. Still there is continuous effort to achieve better spatial and temporal resolution in order to obtain detailed structural and functional information of different brain regions in small experimental animals. Recently, SPECT imaging system has been used to perform in vivo imaging using specific radioligands to further elucidate the role of dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic neurotransmission in relation to regional cerebral blood flow in various human CNS disorders and in gene-manipulated mouse models of neurodegeneration. Although in vivo and non-invasive translational research can be performed by high-resolution microPET imaging system, its limited spatial resolution restricts detailed anatomical and functional information of different brain regions involved in disease process. Recently developed NanoSPECT/CT imaging system has a better spatial resolution hence can be used to correlate and confirm microPET imaging data and determine the precise structural and functional anatomy of CNS disorders and their remission. Moreover SPECT imaging system reduces the cost and number of animals and provides detailed information of CNS disorders at the cellular, molecular and genetic level. Furthermore, SPECT system is economical, provides less radiation burden, and can be used to study bio-distribution of newly synthesized radioligands with increased target to non-target ratios, quality control, and clinical applications. It is envisaged that high-resolution SPECT imaging system will further improve in vivo non-invasive translational research on CNS disorders of unknown etiopathogenesis and their treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Sharma
- Cyclotron & Positron Imaging Research Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Neurosciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
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Jarkas N, Voll RJ, Williams L, Votaw JR, Owens M, Goodman MM. Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of halogenated N,N-dimethyl-2-(2'-amino-4'-hydroxymethylphenylthio)benzylamine derivatives as PET serotonin transporter ligands. J Med Chem 2007; 51:271-81. [PMID: 18085744 DOI: 10.1021/jm0707929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N, N-dimethyl-2-(2'-amino-4'-hydroxymethylphenylthio)benzylamine (38), substituted on ring A, was reported to display high binding affinity and selectivity to the human brain serotonin transporter (SERT). In an attempt to explore the potential of compounds substituted on ring B of the phenylthiophenyl core structure, three derivatives of 38 were synthesized: N, N-dimethyl-2-(2'-amino-4'-hydroxymethyl-phenylthio)-5-fluorobenzylamine (35), N, N-dimethyl-2-(2'-amino-4'-hydroxymethyl-phenylthio)-5-bromobenzylamine (36), and N, N-dimethyl-2-(2'-amino-4'-hydroxymethyl-phenylthio)-5-iodobenzylamine (37). The in vitro binding studies in cells transfected with human SERT, norepinephrine transporter (NET), and dopamine transporter (DAT) showed that 35, 36, and 37 exhibited high SERT affinity with K is (SERT) = 1.26, 0.29, and 0.31 nM (vs [(3)H]citalopram), respectively. [(11)C]-(35), [(11)C]-(36), and [(11)C]-( 37) were prepared by methylation of their monomethyl precursors 16, 17, and 18, with [(11)C]iodomethane in 28, 11, and 14% radiochemical yields, respectively. The microPET images of [(11)C]-(35), [(11)C]-(36), and [(11)C]-(37) showed high uptake in the monkey brain regions rich in SERT with peak midbrain to cerebellum ratios of 3.41, 3.24, and 3.00 at 85 min post-injection, respectively. In vivo bindings of [(11)C]-(35), [(11)C]-(36), and [(11)C]-(37) were shown to be specific to the SERT as displacement with citalopram (a potent SERT ligand) reduced radioactivity in SERT-rich regions to the cerebellum level. These results suggest that [(11)C]-(35), [(11)C]-(36), and [(11)C]-(37) could be potential agents for mapping human SERT by PET and radiolabeling 37 with iodine-123, which could afford the first SPECT SERT imaging agent exhibiting fast kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachwa Jarkas
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Hwang LC, Chang CJ, Liu HH, Kao HC, Lee SY, Jan ML, Chen CC. Imaging the availability of serotonin transporter in rat brain with 123I-ADAM and small-animal SPECT. Nucl Med Commun 2007; 28:615-21. [PMID: 17625383 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e32825a67cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging serotonin transporters during antidepressant treatment in small animals is a useful tool for preclinical study during drug development. In this work, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using 123I-ADAM and small-animal SPECT to monitor serotonin transporter availabilities in rat brains prior to and after administration of a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats with and without administration of citalopram (4 mg x kg body weight) were examined in this study. During the process rat brains were scanned using a double-headed microSPECT system equipped with pinhole collimators. SPECT tomographic images and X-ray computed tomography (CT) were acquired after introducing 123I-ADAM via the tail vein. The 123I-ADAM specific binding was assessed by SPECT/CT fused image to draw regions of interest in the midbrain and cerebellum. Ex-vivo autoradiography was carried out as a parallel investigation to validate the SPECT technique. RESULTS SPECT images displayed specific binding ratio in midbrain to be 0.91+/-0.30 averaged from three rats. Drug occupancies (95.47+/-1.56)% were shown after administration of citalopram in a dosage of 4 mg x kg. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the serotonin transporter availability during antidepressant treatment in small animals can be assessed semi-quantitatively by using 123I-ADAM and SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chung Hwang
- Radiation A, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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