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Sidorenko GV, Miroslavov AE, Tyupina MY. Technetium(I) carbonyl complexes for nuclear medicine: Coordination-chemical aspect. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yazdani A, Janzen N, Czorny S, Valliant JF. Technetium(I) Complexes of Bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic Acid. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:2958-2965. [PMID: 28199089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bathophenanthrolinedisulfonate (BPS) complexes of technetium(I) of the type [Tc(CO)3(BPS)(L)]n (L = imidazole derivatives) were synthesized and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. [99mTc(CO)3(BPS)(MeIm)]- (MeIm = 1-methyl-1H-imidazole) was prepared in near-quantitative yield using a convenient two-step, one-pot labeling procedure. A targeted analogue capable of binding regions of calcium turnover associated with bone metabolism was also prepared. Here, a bisphosphonate was linked to the metal through an imidazole ligand to give [99mTc(CO)3(BPS)(ImAln)]2- (ImAln = an imidazole-alendronate ligand) in high yield. The technetium(I) complexes were stable in vitro, and in biodistribution studies, [99mTc(CO)3(BPS)(ImAln)]2- exhibited rapid clearance from nontarget tissues and significant accumulation in the shoulder (7.9 ± 0.2% ID/g) and knees (15.1 ± 0.9% ID/g) by 6 h, with the residence time in the skeleton reaching 24 h. A rhenium analogue, which is luminescent and has the same structure, was also prepared and used for fluorescence labeling of cells in vitro. The data reported demonstrate the potential of this class of compounds for use in creating isostructural optical and nuclear probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Yazdani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Nancy Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Shannon Czorny
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Valliant JF. A Bridge Not Too Far: Linking Disciplines Through Molecular Imaging Probes. J Nucl Med Technol 2016; 44:173-83. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.068312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Increased Understanding of Stem Cell Behavior in Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disorders by Use of Noninvasive Cell Imaging. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6235687. [PMID: 26997958 PMCID: PMC4779824 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6235687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders are associated with cell-specific depletion in the human body. This imbalance in tissue homeostasis is in healthy individuals repaired by the presence of endogenous stem cells that can replace the lost cell type. However, in most disorders, a genetic origin or limited presence or exhaustion of stem cells impairs correct cell replacement. During the last 30 years, methods to readily isolate and expand stem cells have been developed and this resulted in a major change in the regenerative medicine field as it generates sufficient amount of cells for human transplantation applications. Furthermore, stem cells have been shown to release cytokines with beneficial effects for several diseases. At present however, clinical stem cell transplantations studies are struggling to demonstrate clinical efficacy despite promising preclinical results. Therefore, to allow stem cell therapy to achieve its full potential, more insight in their in vivo behavior has to be achieved. Different methods to noninvasively monitor these cells have been developed and are discussed. In some cases, stem cell monitoring even reached the clinical setting. We anticipate that by further exploring these imaging possibilities and unraveling their in vivo behavior further improvement in stem cell transplantations will be achieved.
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Yazdani A, Janzen N, Banevicius L, Czorny S, Valliant JF. Imidazole-Based [2 + 1] Re(I)/99mTc(I) Complexes as Isostructural Nuclear and Optical Probes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:1728-36. [PMID: 25634699 DOI: 10.1021/ic502663p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Yazdani
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Nancy Janzen
- Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Laura Banevicius
- Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Shannon Czorny
- Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - John F. Valliant
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
- Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Clède S, Policar C. Metal-carbonyl units for vibrational and luminescence imaging: towards multimodality. Chemistry 2014; 21:942-58. [PMID: 25376740 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal-carbonyl complexes are attractive structures for bio-imaging. In addition to unique vibrational properties due to the CO moieties enabling IR and Raman cell imaging, the appropriate choice of ancillary ligands opens up the opportunity for luminescence detection. Through a classification by techniques, past and recent developments in the application of metal-carbonyl complexes for vibrational and luminescence bio-imaging are reviewed. Finally, their potential as bimodal IR and luminescent probes is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Clède
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-ENS-UPMC, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, UMR7203, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris (France), Fax: (+33) 1-4432-3389
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Leonidova A, Gasser G. Underestimated potential of organometallic rhenium complexes as anticancer agents. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2180-93. [PMID: 25137157 DOI: 10.1021/cb500528c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, organometallic compounds have become recognized as promising anti-cancer drug candidates. While radioactive (186/188)Re compounds are already used in clinics for cancer treatment, cold Re organometallic compounds have mostly been explored as luminescent probes for cell imaging and photosensitizers in photocatalysis. However, a growing number of studies have recently revealed the potential of Re organometallic complexes as anti-cancer agents. Several compounds have displayed cytotoxicity equaling or exceeding that of the well-established anti-cancer drug cisplatin. In this review, we present the currently known Re organometallic complexes that have shown anti-proliferative activity on cancer cell lines. A particular emphasis is placed on their cellular uptake and localization as well as their potential mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leonidova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Leonidova A, Pierroz V, Rubbiani R, Heier J, Ferrari S, Gasser G. Towards cancer cell-specific phototoxic organometallic rhenium(I) complexes. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4287-94. [PMID: 23982882 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51817e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the recent years, several Re(I) organometallic compounds have been shown to be toxic to various cancer cell lines. However, these compounds lacked sufficient selectivity towards cancer tissues to be used as novel chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we probe the potential of two known N,N-bis(quinolinoyl) Re(I) tricarbonyl complex derivatives, namely Re(I) tricarbonyl [N,N-bis(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)amino]-4-butane-1-amine (Re-NH₂) and Re(I) tricarbonyl [N,N-bis(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)amino]-5-valeric acid (Re-COOH), as photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizers. Re-NH₂ and Re-COOH proved to be excellent singlet oxygen generators in a lipophilic environment with quantum yields of about 75%. Furthermore, we envisaged to improve the selectivity of Re-COOH via conjugation to two types of peptides, namely a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a derivative of the neuropeptide bombesin, to form Re-NLS and Re-Bombesin, respectively. Fluorescent microscopy on cervical cancer cells (HeLa) showed that the conjugation of Re-COOH to NLS significantly enhanced the compound's accumulation into the cell nucleus and more specifically into its nucleoli. Importantly, in view of PDT applications, the cytotoxicity of the Re complexes and their bioconjugates increased significantly upon light irradiation. In particular, Re-Bombesin was found to be at least 20-fold more toxic after light irradiation. DNA photo-cleavage studies demonstrated that all compounds damaged DNA via singlet oxygen and, to a minor extent, superoxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leonidova
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Coogan MP, Doyle RP, Valliant JF, Babich JW, Zubieta J. Single amino acid chelate complexes of the M(CO)3 (+) core for correlating fluorescence and radioimaging studies (M = (99m) Tc or Re). J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:255-61. [PMID: 24395431 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Single amino acid chelates (SAACs) and SAAC-like bifunctional ligands can be exploited in the design of a variety of bioconjugates for facile metallation with the M(CO)3 (+) unit with M = (99m) Tc or Re. When the donor groups of the ligand are quinolone, thiazole or other similarly conjugated heterocycles, the rhenium complexes are fluorescent, affording complementary and isostructural fluorescent probes to the radioactive (99m) Tc analogues. The versatility of the approach has been demonstrated by the preparation of bioconjugates incorporating peptides, biotin, folic acid, thymidine and vitamin B12 . In addition, the unusual photophysical properties observed for rhenium of the [bisthiazole-diamino butane-Re(CO)3 (+) ] derivative [BTBA-Re(CO)3 ](+) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Coogan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
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Connell TU, Hayne DJ, Ackermann U, Tochon-Danguy HJ, White JM, Donnelly PS. Rhenium and technetium tricarbonyl complexes of 1,4-Substituted pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole bidentate ‘click’ ligands conjugated to a targeting RGD peptide. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 57:262-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy U. Connell
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne 3010 Australia
| | - David J. Hayne
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne 3010 Australia
| | - Uwe Ackermann
- Centre for PET; Austin Health; Melbourne 3084 Australia
| | | | - Jonathan M. White
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne 3010 Australia
| | - Paul S. Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne 3010 Australia
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Isostructural Nuclear and Luminescent Probes Derived From Stabilized [2 + 1] Rhenium(I)/Technetium(I) Organometallic Complexes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13521-8. [PMID: 24228697 DOI: 10.1021/ic401972g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chanawanno K, Engle JT, Le KX, Herrick RS, Ziegler CJ. The synthesis and pH-dependent behaviour of Re(CO)3 conjugates with diimine phenolic ligands. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:13679-84. [PMID: 23903568 PMCID: PMC4065860 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50894c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this report we present a study of a series of Re(CO)3 pyridine-imine complexes with pendant phenol groups. We investigated the effects of the position of the phenol hydroxyl group (para, meta or ortho to the imine) on the steric and electronic characteristics of a series of Re(CO)3X(pyca-C6H4OH) compounds, where X = Cl, Br and pyca = pyridine-2-carbaldehyde imine. These compounds can be generated either via ligand synthesis followed by metal chelation (compound 4) or via a one-pot method (compounds 2, 3, 5 and 6). All six compounds show striking differences in pH-dependent UV-visible absorption based on the position of the phenol hydroxyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kullapa Chanawanno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3601, USAFax: +1-330-972-7370; Tel: +1-330-972-2531
| | - James T. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3601, USAFax: +1-330-972-7370; Tel: +1-330-972-2531
| | - Kevin X. Le
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA01610, USA.Fax: +1-508-793-3530; Tel: +1-508-793-2490
| | - Richard S. Herrick
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA01610, USA.Fax: +1-508-793-3530; Tel: +1-508-793-2490
| | - Christopher J. Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3601, USAFax: +1-330-972-7370; Tel: +1-330-972-2531
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Synthesis, characterization, and biological studies of emissive rhenium–glutamine conjugates. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 18:831-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Anderson CB, Elliott ABS, Lewis JEM, McAdam CJ, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. fac-Re(CO)3 complexes of 2,6-bis(4-substituted-1,2,3-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pyridine "click" ligands: synthesis, characterisation and photophysical properties. Dalton Trans 2013; 41:14625-32. [PMID: 23104300 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31569f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of the 4-n-propyl and 4-phenyl substituted fac-Re(CO)(3) complexes of the tridentate "click" ligand (2,6-bis(4-substituted-1,2,3-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pyridine) are described. The complexes were obtained by refluxing methanol solutions of [Re(CO)(5)Cl], AgPF(6) and either the 4-propyl or 4-phenyl substituted ligand for 16 h. The ligands and the two rhenium(I) complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, HR-ESMS, ATR-IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and the molecular structures of both complexes were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The electronic structure of the fac-Re(CO)(3) "click" complexes was probed using UV-Vis, Raman and emission spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations. Altering the electronic nature of the ligand's substituent, from aromatic to alkyl, had little effect on the absorption/emission maxima and electrochemical properties of the complexes indicating that the 1,2,3-triazole unit may insulate the metal centre from the electronic modification at the ligands' periphery. Both Re(I) complexes were found to be weakly emitting with short excited state lifetimes. The electrochemistry of the complexes is defined by quasi-reversible Re oxidation and irreversible triazole-based ligand reduction processes.
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Maggioni D, Fenili F, D’Alfonso L, Donghi D, Panigati M, Zanoni I, Marzi R, Manfredi A, Ferruti P, D’Alfonso G, Ranucci E. Luminescent Rhenium and Ruthenium Complexes of an Amphoteric Poly(amidoamine) Functionalized with 1,10-Phenanthroline. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:12776-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301616b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maggioni
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Fenili
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura D’Alfonso
- Dipartimento di
Fisica, Università di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Donghi
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Panigati
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie
e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Marzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie
e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Amedea Manfredi
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferruti
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D’Alfonso
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ranucci
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Abstract
Technetium and Rhenium are the two lower elements in the manganese triad. Whereas rhenium is known as an important part of high resistance alloys, technetium is mostly known as a cumbersome product of nuclear fission. It is less known that its metastable isotope 99mTc is of utmost importance in nuclear medicine diagnosis. The technical application of elemental rhenium is currently complemented by investigations of its isotope 188Re , which could play a central role in the future for internal, targeted radiotherapy. This article will briefly describe the basic principles behind diagnostic methods with radionuclides for molecular imaging, review the 99mTc -based radiopharmaceuticals currently in clinical routine and focus on the chemical challenges and current developments towards improved, radiolabeled compounds for diagnosis and therapy in nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- ROGER ALBERTO
- University of Zürich, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Synthesis, radiometal labeling and in vitro evaluation of a targeted PPIX derivative. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:505-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Clède S, Lambert F, Sandt C, Gueroui Z, Réfrégiers M, Plamont MA, Dumas P, Vessières A, Policar C. A rhenium tris-carbonyl derivative as a single core multimodal probe for imaging (SCoMPI) combining infrared and luminescent properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:7729-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32163g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Gasser G, Pinto A, Neumann S, Sosniak AM, Seitz M, Merz K, Heumann R, Metzler-Nolte N. Synthesis, characterisation and bioimaging of a fluorescent rhenium-containing PNA bioconjugate. Dalton Trans 2011; 41:2304-13. [PMID: 22183093 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12114j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A new rhenium tricarbonyl complex of a bis(quinoline)-derived ligand (2-azido-N,N-bis((quinolin-2-yl)methyl)ethanamine, L-N(3)), namely [Re(CO)(3)(L-N(3))]Br was synthesized and characterized in-depth, including by X-ray crystallography. [Re(CO)(3)(L-N(3))]Br exhibits a strong UV absorbance in the range 300-400 nm with a maximum at 322 nm, and upon photoexcitation, shows two distinct emission bands at about 430 and 560 nm in various solvents (water, ethylene glycol). [Re(CO)(3)(L-N(3))]Br could be conjugated, on a solid phase, to a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomer using the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (Cu-AAC, "click" chemistry) and an alkyne-containing PNA building block to give Re-PNA. It was demonstrated that upon hybridisation with a complementary DNA strand (DNA), the position of the maxima and emission intensity for the hybrid Re-PNA·DNA remained mainly unchanged compared to those of the single strand Re-PNA. The rhenium-containing PNA oligomer Re-PNA could be then mediated in living cells where they have been shown to be non-toxic contrary to the general notion that organometallic compounds are usually unstable under physiological conditions and/or cytotoxic. Furthermore, Re-PNA could be detected in living cells using fluorescent microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Gasser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Gasser G, Neumann S, Ott I, Seitz M, Heumann R, Metzler-Nolte N. Preparation and Biological Evaluation of Di-Hetero-Organometallic-Containing PNA Bioconjugates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Influence of the metal center and linker on the intracellular distribution and biological activity of organometal-peptide conjugates. J Biol Inorg Chem 2011; 17:175-85. [PMID: 21898043 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-011-0840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic complexes conjugated to cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are promising systems for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications in human medicine. Recently, we reported on the synthesis of cymantrene(CpMn(CO)(3))-CPP conjugates with biological activity on different cancer cell lines. However, the precise mechanism of cytotoxicity remained elusive in these studies. To investigate the role of the metal center and the linker between the CpM(CO)(3) moiety and the peptide, a number of derivatives with manganese replaced by rhenium and the keto linker originally used substituted by a methylene group were prepared and fully characterized by (1)H NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis as well as X-ray structure determination. The organometal-peptide conjugates as well as carboxyfluorescein-labeled derivatives thereof were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis, purified by high-performance liquid chromatography, and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Fluorescence microscopy studies of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells revealed an efficient cellular uptake and pronounced nuclear localization of the bioconjugates with the methylene linker compared with systems with the keto group. In addition, the latter also showed a higher cytotoxicity. In contrast, the variation of the metal center from manganese to rhenium had a negligible effect. The structure-activity relationships determined in the present work will aid in the further tuning of the biological activity of organometal-peptide conjugates.
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Gleave JA, Farncombe TH, Saab C, Doering LC. Correlative single photon emission computed tomography imaging of [123I]altropane binding in the rat model of Parkinson's. Nucl Med Biol 2011; 38:741-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Welling MM, Duijvestein M, Signore A, van der Weerd L. In vivo biodistribution of stem cells using molecular nuclear medicine imaging. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1444-52. [PMID: 21413018 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies on stem cell are rapidly developing since these cells have great therapeutic potential for numerous diseases and has generated much promise as well as confusion due to contradictory results. Major questions in this research field have been raised as to how and in which numbers stem cells home to target tissues after administration, whether the cells engraft and differentiate, and what their long-term fate is. To answer these questions, reliable in vivo tracking techniques are essential. In vivo molecular imaging techniques using magnetic resonance imaging, bioluminescence, and scintigraphy have been applied for this purpose in experimental studies. The aim of this review is to discuss various radiolabeling techniques for early stem cell tracking, the need for validation of viability and performance of the cells after labeling, and the routes of administration in experimental animal models. In addition, we evaluate current problems and directions related to stem cell tracking using radiolabels, including a possible role for their clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mick M Welling
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Laboratories Leiden, Section Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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Zelenka K, Borsig L, Alberto R. Metal complex mediated conjugation of peptides to nucleus targeting acridine orange: a modular concept for dual-modality imaging agents. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:958-67. [PMID: 21480670 DOI: 10.1021/bc2000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To target the nucleus of specific cells, trifunctional radiopharmaceuticals are required. We have synthesized acridine orange derivatives which comprise an imidazole-2-carbaldehyde function for coordination to the [Re(CO)₃](+) or [(99m)Tc(CO)₃](+) core. Upon coordination, this aldehyde is activated and rapidly forms imines with amines from biological molecules. This metal-mediated imine formation allows for the conjugation of a nuclear targeting portion with a specific cell receptor binding function directly on the metal. With this concept, we have conjugated the acridine orange part to a bombesin peptide directly on the (99m)Tc core and in one step. In addition, a linker containing an integrated disulfide has been coupled to bombesin. LC/MS study showed that the disulfide was reductively cleaved with a 60 min half-life time. This concept enables the combination of a nucleus targeting agent with a specific cell receptor molecule directly on the metal without the need of separate conjugation prior to labeling, thus, a modular approach. High uptake of the BBN conjugate into PC-3 cells was detected by fluorescence microscopy, whereas uptake into B16BL6 cells was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Zelenka
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, Switzerland
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Benoist E, Coulais Y, Almant M, Kovensky J, Moreau V, Lesur D, Artigau M, Picard C, Galaup C, Gouin SG. A Click procedure with heterogeneous copper to tether technetium-99m chelating agents and rhenium complexes. Evaluation of the chelating properties and biodistribution of the new radiolabelled glucose conjugates. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Boulay A, Artigau M, Coulais Y, Picard C, Mestre-Voegtlé B, Benoist E. First dinuclear Re/Tc complex as a potential bimodal Optical/SPECT molecular imaging agent. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6206-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01397h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Seridi A, Wolff M, Boulay A, Saffon N, Coulais Y, Picard C, Machura B, Benoist E. Rhenium(I) and technetium(I) complexes of a novel pyridyltriazole-based ligand containing an arylpiperazine pharmacophore: Synthesis, crystal structures, computational studies and radiochemistry. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zelenka K, Borsig L, Alberto R. Trifunctional 99mTc based radiopharmaceuticals: metal-mediated conjugation of a peptide with a nucleus targeting intercalator. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 9:1071-8. [PMID: 21186394 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00504e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of molecular imaging agents with multiple functions has become a major trend in radiopharmaceutical chemistry. We present herein the syntheses of trifunctional compounds, combining an acridine orange (AO) based intercalator with a GRP receptor specific bombesin like peptide (BBN). Metal-mediated conjugation of these two functions via the [2 + 1] approach to the third function, the [M(CO)(3)](+) (M = (99m)Tc, Re) moiety, yielded the final trifunctional molecules. The strongly fluorescent acridine orange, a nuclear targeting agent, has been derivatised with 4-imidazolecarboxylate as a bidentate ligand and bombesin with an isonitrile group as a monodentate ligand. For cell and nuclear uptake studies, [Re(L(1)-BBN)(L(2)-Ical)(CO)(3)] type complexes were synthesized and characterized. For radiopharmaceutical purposes, the (99m)Tc analogues have been prepared in a stepwise synthesis. Fluorescence microscopy studies on PC-3 cells, bearing the BBN receptor, showed high and rapid uptake into the cytoplasm. For the bifunctional molecule, lacking the BBN peptide, no internalization was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Zelenka
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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Gasser G, Jäger K, Zenker M, Bergmann R, Steinbach J, Stephan H, Metzler-Nolte N. Preparation, 99mTc-labeling and biodistribution studies of a PNA oligomer containing a new ligand derivative of 2,2'-dipicolylamine. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:1133-40. [PMID: 20674031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A new azido derivative of 2,2'-dipicolylamine (Dpa), 2-azido-N,N-bis((pyridin-2-yl)methyl)ethanamine, (Dpa-N(3)) was readily prepared from the known 2-(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)ethanol (Dpa-OH). It was demonstrated that Dpa-N(3) could be efficiently labeled with both [Re(CO)(3)(H(2)O)(3)]Br and [(99m)Tc(H(2)O)(3)(CO)(3)](+) to give [Re(CO)(3)(Dpa-N(3))]Br and [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(Dpa-N(3))](+), respectively. Furthermore, Dpa-N(3) was successfully coupled, on the solid phase, to a Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) oligomer (H-4-pentynoic acid-spacer-spacer-tgca-tgca-tgca-Lys-NH(2); spacer= -NH-(CH(2))(2)-O-(CH(2))(2)-O-CH(2)-CO-) using the Cu(I)-catalyzed [2+3] azide/alkyne cycloaddition (Cu-AAC, often referred to as the prototypical "click" reaction) to give the Dpa-PNA oligomer. Subsequent labeling of Dpa-PNA with [(99m)Tc(H(2)O)(3)(CO)(3)](+) afforded [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(Dpa-PNA)] in radiochemical yields >90%. Partitioning experiments in a 1-octanol/water system were carried out to get more insight on the lipophilicity of [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(Dpa-N(3))](+) and [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(Dpa-PNA)]. Both compounds were found rather hydrophilic (log D(o/w) values at pH=7.4 are -0.50: [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(Dpa-N(3))](+) and -0.85: [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(Dpa-PNA)]. Biodistribution studies of [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(Dpa-PNA)] in Wistar rats showed a very fast blood clearance (0.26 ± 0.1 SUV, 1h p.i.) and modest accumulation in the kidneys (5.45 ± 0.45 SUV, 1h p.i.). There was no significant activity in the thyroid and the stomach, demonstrating a high in vivo stability of the (99m)Tc-labeled Dpa-PNA conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Gasser
- Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmacy, PF 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany.
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Armstrong AF, Lemon JA, Czorny SK, Singh G, Valliant JF. Evaluation of single amino acid chelate derivatives and regioselective radiolabelling of a cyclic peptide for the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 36:907-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vaidyanathan G, Song H, Affleck D, McDougald DL, Storms RW, Zalutsky MR, Chin BB. Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase: a potential approach for cell labeling. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 36:919-29. [PMID: 19875048 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To advance the science and clinical application of stem cell therapy, the availability of a highly sensitive, quantitative and translational method for tracking stem cells would be invaluable. Because hematopoetic stem cells express high levels of the cytosolic enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase-1A1 (ALDH1), we sought to develop an agent that is specific to ALDH1 and thus to cells expressing the enzyme. Such an agent might be also helpful in identifying tumors that are resistant to cyclophosphomide chemotherapy because ALDH1 is known to be responsible for this resistance. METHODS We developed schemes for the synthesis of two radioiodinated aldehdyes - N-formylmethyl-5-[*I]iodopyridine-3-carboxamide ([*I]FMIC) and 4-diethylamino-3-[*I]iodobenzaldehyde ([*I]DEIBA)-at no-carrier-added levels from their respective tin precursors. These agents were evaluated using pure ALDH1 and tumor cells that expressed the enzyme. RESULTS The average radiochemical yields for the synthesis of [(125)I]FMIC and [(125)I]DEIBA were 70+/-5% and 47+/-14%, respectively. ALDH1 converted both compounds to respective acids suggesting their suitability as ALDH1 imaging agents. Although ability of ALDH1 within the cells to oxidize one of these substrates was shown, specific uptake in ALDH-expressing tumor cells could not be demonstrated. CONCLUSION To pursue this approach for ALDH1 imaging, radiolabeled aldehydes need to be designed such that, in addition to being good substrates for ALDH1, the cognate products should be sufficiently polar so as to be retained within the cells.
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Armstrong AF, Lebert JM, Brennan JD, Valliant JF. Functionalized Carborane Complexes of the [M(CO)2(NO)]2+ Core (M = 99mTc, Re): A New Class of Organometallic Probes for Correlated in Vitro and in Vivo Imaging. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om8011807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F. Armstrong
- McMaster Institute for Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Chemical Biology Graduate Program, Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, and Departments of Chemistry and Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
| | - Julie M. Lebert
- McMaster Institute for Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Chemical Biology Graduate Program, Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, and Departments of Chemistry and Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
| | - John D. Brennan
- McMaster Institute for Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Chemical Biology Graduate Program, Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, and Departments of Chemistry and Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
| | - John F. Valliant
- McMaster Institute for Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Chemical Biology Graduate Program, Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, and Departments of Chemistry and Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
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Mindt T, Schweinsberg C, Brans L, Hagenbach A, Abram U, Tourwé D, Garcia-Garayoa E, Schibli R. A Click Approach to Structurally Diverse Conjugates Containing a Central Di-1,2,3-triazole Metal Chelate. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:529-39. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Jennings LE, Long NJ. ‘Two is better than one’—probes for dual-modality molecular imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3511-24. [DOI: 10.1039/b821903f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bartholomä M, Valliant J, Maresca KP, Babich J, Zubieta J. Single amino acid chelates (SAAC): a strategy for the design of technetium and rhenium radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:493-512. [PMID: 19283279 DOI: 10.1039/b814903h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bartholomä
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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Alberto R. The Chemistry of Technetium–Water Complexes within the Manganese Triad: Challenges and Perspectives. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Alberto
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Armstrong AF, Oakley N, Parker S, Causey PW, Lemon J, Capretta A, Zimmerman C, Joyal J, Appoh F, Zubieta J, Babich JW, Singh G, Valliant JF. A robust strategy for the preparation of libraries of metallopeptides. A new paradigm for the discovery of targeted molecular imaging and therapy agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5532-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b810706h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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