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Ho Shon I, Hogg PJ. Imaging of cell death in malignancy: Targeting pathways or phenotypes? Nucl Med Biol 2023; 124-125:108380. [PMID: 37598518 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is fundamental in health and disease and resisting cell death is a hallmark of cancer. Treatment of malignancy aims to cause cancer cell death, however current clinical imaging of treatment response does not specifically image cancer cell death but assesses this indirectly either by changes in tumor size (using x-ray computed tomography) or metabolic activity (using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography). The ability to directly image tumor cell death soon after commencement of therapy would enable personalised response adapted approaches to cancer treatment that is presently not possible with current imaging, which is in many circumstances neither sufficiently accurate nor timely. Several cell death pathways have now been identified and characterised that present multiple potential targets for imaging cell death including externalisation of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, caspase activation and La autoantigen redistribution. However, targeting one specific cell death pathway carries the risk of not detecting cell death by other pathways and it is now understood that cancer treatment induces cell death by different and sometimes multiple pathways. An alternative approach is targeting the cell death phenotype that is "agnostic" of the death pathway. Cell death phenotypes that have been targeted for cell death imaging include loss of plasma membrane integrity and dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Targeting the cell death phenotype may have the advantage of being a more sensitive and generalisable approach to cancer cell death imaging. This review describes and summarises the approaches and radiopharmaceuticals investigated for imaging cell death by targeting cell death pathways or cell death phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ho Shon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Rybczynska AA, Boersma HH, de Jong S, Gietema JA, Noordzij W, Dierckx RAJO, Elsinga PH, van Waarde A. Avenues to molecular imaging of dying cells: Focus on cancer. Med Res Rev 2018. [PMID: 29528513 PMCID: PMC6220832 DOI: 10.1002/med.21495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment of cancer patients requires balancing of the dose, timing, and type of therapeutic regimen. Detection of increased cell death may serve as a predictor of the eventual therapeutic success. Imaging of cell death may thus lead to early identification of treatment responders and nonresponders, and to “patient‐tailored therapy.” Cell death in organs and tissues of the human body can be visualized, using positron emission tomography or single‐photon emission computed tomography, although unsolved problems remain concerning target selection, tracer pharmacokinetics, target‐to‐nontarget ratio, and spatial and temporal resolution of the scans. Phosphatidylserine exposure by dying cells has been the most extensively studied imaging target. However, visualization of this process with radiolabeled Annexin A5 has not become routine in the clinical setting. Classification of death modes is no longer based only on cell morphology but also on biochemistry, and apoptosis is no longer found to be the preponderant mechanism of cell death after antitumor therapy, as was earlier believed. These conceptual changes have affected radiochemical efforts. Novel probes targeting changes in membrane permeability, cytoplasmic pH, mitochondrial membrane potential, or caspase activation have recently been explored. In this review, we discuss molecular changes in tumors which can be targeted to visualize cell death and we propose promising biomarkers for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Rybczynska
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus H Boersma
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jourik A Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Walter Noordzij
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Tang C, Wang F, Hou Y, Lu S, Tian W, Xu Y, Jin C, Wang L. Technetium-99m-labeled annexin V imaging for detecting prosthetic joint infection in a rabbit model. J Biomed Res 2015; 29:224-31. [PMID: 26060446 PMCID: PMC4449490 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.29.20130113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate and timely diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection is essential to initiate early treatment and achieve a favorable outcome. In this study, we used a rabbit model to assess the feasibility of technetium-99m-labeled annexin V for detecting prosthetic joint infection. Right knee arthroplasty was performed on 24 New Zealand rabbits. After surgery, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was intra-articularly injected to create a model of prosthetic joint infection (the infected group, n = 12). Rabbits in the control group were injected with sterile saline (n = 12). Seven and 21 days after surgery, technetium-99m-labeled annexin V imaging was performed in 6 rabbits of each group. Images were acquired 1 and 4 hours after injection of technetium-99m-labeled annexin V (150 MBq). The operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios were calculated for quantitative analysis. Seven days after surgery, increased technetium-99m-labeled annexin V uptake was observed in all cases. However, at 21 days a notable decrease was found in the control group, but not in the infected group. The operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios of the infected group were 1.84 ± 0.29 in the early phase and 2.19 ± 0.34 in the delay phase, both of which were significantly higher than those of the control group (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02). The receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed that the operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios of the delay phase at 21 days was the best indicator, with an accuracy of 80%. In conclusion, technetium-99m-labeled annexin V imaging could effectively distinguish an infected prosthetic joint from an uninfected prosthetic joint in a rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Yanjie Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Chengzhe Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
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Lu C, Jiang Q, Hu M, Tan C, Yu H, Hua Z. Preliminary biological evaluation of ¹⁸F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V a novel apoptosis imaging agent. Molecules 2015; 20:4902-14. [PMID: 25789822 PMCID: PMC6272169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel annexin V derivative (Cys-Annexin V) with a single cysteine residue at its C-terminal has been developed and successfully labeled site-specifically with 18F-FBEM. 18F-FBEM was synthesized by coupling 18F-fluorobenzoic acid (18F-FBA) with N-(2-aminoethyl)maleimide using optimized reaction conditions. The yield of 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V was 71.5% ± 2.0% (n = 4, based on the starting 18F-FBEM, non-decay corrected). The radiochemical purity of 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V was >95%. The specific radioactivities of 18F-FBEM and 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V were >150 and 3.17 GBq/µmol, respectively. Like the 1st generation 18F-SFB-Annexin V, the novel 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V mainly shows renal and to a lesser extent, hepatobiliary excretion in normal mice. In rat hepatic apoptosis models a 3.88 ± 0.05 (n = 4, 1 h) and 10.35 ± 0.08 (n = 4, 2 h) increase in hepatic uptake of 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V compared to normal rats was observed after injection via the tail vein. The liver uptake ratio (treated/control) at 2 h p.i. as measured via microPET correlated with the ratio of apoptotic nuclei in liver observed using TUNEL histochemistry, indicating that the novel 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V is a potential apoptosis imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiong Lu
- Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
| | - Quanfu Jiang
- Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
| | - Minjin Hu
- Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Cheng Tan
- Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
| | - Huixin Yu
- Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
| | - Zichun Hua
- Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou 213164, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Lu C, Jiang Q, Hu M, Tan C, Yu H, Hua Z. Kit formulation for 99mTc-labeling of recombinant Annexin V molecule with a C-terminally engineered cysteine. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Adenosine transport blockade restores attenuated cardioprotective effects of adenosine preconditioning in the isolated diabetic rat heart: potential crosstalk with opioid receptors. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2013; 13:22-32. [PMID: 22948709 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-012-9182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Considering the reduced ability of cardiac fibroblasts to release adenosine and increased ability of interstitial adenosine uptake during diabetes mellitus, the present study investigated the effect of adenosine preconditioning and the existence of cross-talk with opioid receptor activation in the diabetic rat heart subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Langendorff-perfused normal and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.p., once)-administered diabetic (after 8-weeks) rat hearts were subjected to 30-min global ischemia and 120-min reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, markers of cardiac injury such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK-MB) release, coronary flow rate (CFR) and myocardial oxidative stress were assessed. The diabetic rat heart showed high degree of I/R injury with increased LDH and CK-MB release, high oxidative stress and reduced CFR as compared to the normal rat heart. The adenosine preconditioning (10 μM) afforded cardioprotection against I/R injury in the normal rat heart that was prevented by naloxone (100 μM) pre-treatment. Conversely, adenosine preconditioning-induced cardioprotection was abolished in the diabetic rat heart. However, co-administration of dipyridamole (100 μM), adenosine reuptake inhibitor, markedly restored the cardioprotective effect of adenosine preconditioning in the diabetic rat heart, and this effect was also abolished by naloxone pre-treatment. The reduced myocardial availability of extracellular adenosine might explain the inability of adenosine preconditioning to protect the diabetic myocardium. The pharmacological elevation of extracellular adenosine restores adenosine preconditioning-mediated cardioprotection in the diabetic myocardium by possibly involving opioid receptor activation.
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Zhu JC, Wang F, Fang W, Hua ZC, Wang ZZ. 18F-annexin V apoptosis imaging for detection of myocardium ischemia and reperfusion injury in a rat model. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lu C, Jiang Q, Hu M, Tan C, Ji Y, Yu H, Hua Z. Preliminary biological evaluation of novel (99m)Tc-Cys-annexin A5 as a apoptosis imaging agent. Molecules 2013; 18:6908-18. [PMID: 23752473 PMCID: PMC6270223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel annexin A5 derivative (cys-annexin A5) with a single cysteine residue at its C-terminal has been developed and successfully labeled in high labeling yield with (99m)Tc by a ligand exchange reaction. Like the 1st generation (99m)Tc-HYNIC-annexin A5, the novel (99m)Tc-cys-annexin A5 derivative shows in normal mice mainly renal and, to a lesser extent, hepatobiliary excretion. In rat models of hepatic apoptosis there was 283% increase in hepatic uptake of (99m)Tc-cys-annexin A5 as compared to normal mice. The results indicate that the novel (99m)Tc-cys-annexin A5 is a potential apoptosis imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (Q.J.); (C.T.)
| | - Quanfu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (Q.J.); (C.T.)
| | - Minjin Hu
- Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Cheng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (Q.J.); (C.T.)
| | - Yu Ji
- Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Huixin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (Q.J.); (C.T.)
| | - Zichun Hua
- Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou 213164, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Diabetes mellitus associated cardiovascular signalling alteration: A need for the revisit. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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