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Peñas J, Alejo A, Bembibre A, Apiñaniz JI, García-García E, Guerrero C, Henares JL, Hernández-Palmero I, Méndez C, Millán-Callado MÁ, Puyuelo-Valdés P, Seimetz M, Benlliure J. Production of carbon-11 for PET preclinical imaging using a high-repetition rate laser-driven proton source. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11448. [PMID: 38769370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Most advanced medical imaging techniques, such as positron-emission tomography (PET), require tracers that are produced in conventional particle accelerators. This paper focuses on the evaluation of a potential alternative technology based on laser-driven ion acceleration for the production of radioisotopes for PET imaging. We report for the first time the use of a high-repetition rate, ultra-intense laser system for the production of carbon-11 in multi-shot operation. Proton bunches with energies up to 10-14 MeV were systematically accelerated in long series at pulse rates between 0.1 and 1 Hz using a PW-class laser. These protons were used to activate a boron target via the11 B(p,n)11 C nuclear reaction. A peak activity of 234 kBq was obtained in multi-shot operation with laser pulses with an energy of 25 J. Significant carbon-11 production was also achieved for lower pulse energies. The experimental carbon-11 activities measured in this work are comparable to the levels required for preclinical PET, which would be feasible by operating at the repetition rate of current state-of-the-art technology (10 Hz). The scalability of next-generation laser-driven accelerators in terms of this parameter for sustained operation over time could increase these overall levels into the clinical PET range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Peñas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aarón Alejo
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adrián Bembibre
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Guerrero
- Dpto. Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear (FAMN), Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA) (US-Junta de Andalucía - CSIC), 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Cruz Méndez
- Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), 37185, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Millán-Callado
- Dpto. Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear (FAMN), Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA) (US-Junta de Andalucía - CSIC), 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Michael Seimetz
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC - Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Benlliure
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-UV), 46071, Valencia, Spain.
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Mallapura H, Tanguy L, Mahfuz S, Bylund L, Långström B, Halldin C, Nag S. Advancements in Microfluidic Cassette-Based iMiDEV™ Technology for Production of L-[ 11C]Methionine and [ 11C]Choline. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:250. [PMID: 38399466 PMCID: PMC10891588 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic technology is a highly efficient technique used in positron emission tomography (PET) radiochemical synthesis. This approach enables the precise control of reactant flows and reaction conditions, leading to improved yields and reduced synthesis time. The synthesis of two radiotracers, L-[11C]methionine and [11C]choline, was performed, using a microfluidic cassette and an iMiDEVTM module by employing a dose-on-demand approach for the synthesis process. We focused on optimizing the precursor amounts and radiosynthesis on the microfluidic cassette. L-[11C]methionine and [11C]choline were synthesized using a microreactor filled with a suitable resin for the radiochemical reaction. Trapping of the [11C]methyl iodide, its reaction, and solid-phase extraction purification were performed on a microreactor, achieving radiochemical yields of >80% for L-[11C]methionine and >60% for [11C]choline (n = 3). The total synthesis time for both the radiotracers was approximately 20 min. All quality control tests complied with the European Pharmacopeia standards. The dose-on-demand model allows for real-time adaptation to patient schedules, making it suitable for preclinical and clinical settings. Precursor optimization enhanced the cost efficiency without compromising the yield. The importance of dose-on-demand synthesis and optimized precursor utilization to produce L-[11C]methionine and [11C]choline was emphasized in this study. The results demonstrated the feasibility of dose-on-demand adaptations for clinical applications with reduced precursor quantities and high radiochemical yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemantha Mallapura
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.M.); (S.M.); (C.H.)
| | - Laurent Tanguy
- Business Unit Nuclear Medicine, PMB-Alcen, Route des Michels CD56, F-13790 Peynier, France;
| | - Samin Mahfuz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.M.); (S.M.); (C.H.)
| | - Lovisa Bylund
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Bengt Långström
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.M.); (S.M.); (C.H.)
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.M.); (S.M.); (C.H.)
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Myburgh PJ, Moore MD, Pathirannahel BL, Grace LR, Solingapuram Sai KK. Fully automated production of [ 11C]PiB for clinical use on Trasis-AllinOne synthesizer module. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 202:111040. [PMID: 37788544 PMCID: PMC10727203 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]PiB) was the first broadly applied radiotracer with specificity for amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregates in the brain and has since been established as the gold standard for positron emission tomography (PET) employed for clinical in vivo imaging of Aβ plaques, used for imaging applications of Alzheimer's disease (AD), related dementia, and other tauopathies. The use of [11C]PiB for routine PET studies is dependent on the production capabilities of each radiochemistry laboratory, subsequently a continuous effort is made to develop suitable and sustainable methods on a variety of auto synthesis platforms. Here we report a fully automated, multi-step radio synthesis, purification, and reformulation of [11C]PiB for PET imaging using the Trasis AllinOne synthesis unit, a commonly used commercial radiochemistry module. We performed three validation runs to evaluate the reproducibility and to verify that the acceptable criteria were met for the release of clinical-grade [11C]PiB using a Trasis AllinOne auto radiosynthesis unit. Solid phase supported radiolabeling was performed through the capture of precursor (6-OH-BTA-0) on a C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge and subsequent flushing of gaseous [11C]Methyl triflate(MeOTf) through the Sep-Pak for carbon-11 (11C) N-methylation. Starting with 92.5 GBq [11C]CO2, [11C]PiB synthesis was completed in approximately 25 min after cyclotron end of bombardment with an injectable dose >7.0 GBq at end of the synthesis. The radiopharmaceutical product met all quality control criteria and specifications for use in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Josef Myburgh
- Translational Imaging Program, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Michael David Moore
- Translational Imaging Program, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | | | - Laura Rose Grace
- Translational Imaging Program, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kiran Kumar Solingapuram Sai
- Translational Imaging Program, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Department of Radiology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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Myburgh PJ, Sai KKS. Development and Optimization of 11C-Labeled Radiotracers: A Review of the Modern Quality Control Design Process. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1616-1631. [PMID: 37974626 PMCID: PMC10644505 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction - Several 11C-tracers have demonstrated high potential in early diagnostic PET imaging applications of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These radiotracers often track critical biomarkers in disease pathogenesis such as tau fibrils ([11C]PBB3) or β-amyloid plaques ([11C]PiB) associated with such diseases. Purpose - The short review aims to serve as a guideline in the future development of radiotracers for students, postdocs and/or new radiochemists who will be synthesizing clinical grade or novel research 11C-tracers, including knowledge of regulatory requirements. We aim to bridge the gap between novel and established 11C-tracer quality control (QC) processes through exploring the design process and regulatory requirements for 11C-pharmaceuticals. Methods - A literature survey was undertaken to identify articles with a detailed description of the QC methodology and characterization for each of the sections of the review. Overview - First a general summary of 11C-tracer production was presented; this was used to establish possible places for contamination or assurances for a sterile final product. The key mandated QC analyses for clinical use were then discussed. Further, we assessed the QC methods used for established 11C-tracers and then reviewed the routine QC tests for preclinical translational and validation studies. Therefore, both mandated QC methods for clinical and preclinical animal studies were reviewed. Last, some examples of optimization and automation were reviewed, and implications of the QC practices associated with such procedures were considered. Conclusion - All of the common QC parameters associated with 11C-tracers under clinical and preclinical settings (along with a few exceptions) were discussed in detail. While it is important to establish standard, peer-reviewed QC testing protocols for a novel 11C-tracer entering the clinical umbrella, equal importance is needed on preclinical applications to address credibility and repeatability for the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Josef Myburgh
- Translational
Imaging Program, Atrium Health Wake Forest
Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Kiran Kumar Solingapuram Sai
- Translational
Imaging Program, Atrium Health Wake Forest
Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Atrium Health Wake Forest
Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
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Goudou F, Gee AD, Bongarzone S. Carbon-11 carboxylation of terminal alkynes with [ 11 C]CO 2. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 64:237-242. [PMID: 33665888 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalysed radiosynthesis of carbon-11 radiolabelled carboxylic acids was developed by reacting terminal alkynes and cyclotron-produced carbon-11 carbon dioxide ([11 C]CO2 ) in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). A small library of 11 C-labelled propiolic acid derivatives were obtained with a total synthesis time of 15 min from end of bombardment (EOB) with a (non-isolated) radiochemical yield ranging from 7% to 28%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Goudou
- Research and Development Department, SYNBIOLAB, Baie-Mahault, Guadeloupe
- Research and Development Department, PMB Head Office, Peynier, France
- School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Antony D Gee
- School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Salvatore Bongarzone
- School of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
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Radiosynthesis challenges of 11C and 18F-labeled radiotracers in the FX2C/N tracerlab and their validation through PET-MR imaging. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 168:109486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Giglio J, Rosas G, Basso M, Boné A, Savio E, Engler H. An alternative methodology for the determination of the radiochemical purity of 11C-methionine. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2018. [PMCID: PMC6306374 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-018-0053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Results Conclusion
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Cornilleau T, Simonsen M, Vang M, Taib-Maamar N, Dessolin J, Audrain H, Hermange P, Fouquet E. Last-Step Pd-Mediated [11C]CO Labeling of a Moxestrol-Conjugated o-Iodobenzyl Alcohol: From Model Experiments to in Vivo Positron Emission Tomography Studies. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2887-2894. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cornilleau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, 351 Cours de la
Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Mette Simonsen
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maylou Vang
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Nada Taib-Maamar
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jean Dessolin
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Hélène Audrain
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Philippe Hermange
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, 351 Cours de la
Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Eric Fouquet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, 351 Cours de la
Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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Methylation as a method for synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Gomzina NA, Kuznetsova OF, Pashkevich AS. Use of “on line [11C]methylation” in the synthesis of l-[O-11C-methyl]tyrosine, a promising radiotracer for positron emission tomography. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cornilleau T, Audrain H, Guillemet A, Hermange P, Fouquet E. General Last-Step Labeling of Biomolecule-Based Substrates by [12C], [13C], and [11C] Carbon Monoxide. Org Lett 2015; 17:354-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cornilleau
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la
Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Audrain
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aude Guillemet
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la
Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Hermange
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la
Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Eric Fouquet
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351, Cours de la
Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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Petroni D, Berton A, Bettini B, Salvadori PA. Performances of a TRACERlab FX C synthesis module using a Ni-nanopowder/molecular sieves mixed catalyst. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Velikyan I. Prospective of ⁶⁸Ga-radiopharmaceutical development. Theranostics 2013; 4:47-80. [PMID: 24396515 PMCID: PMC3881227 DOI: 10.7150/thno.7447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) experienced accelerated development and has become an established method for medical research and clinical routine diagnostics on patient individualized basis. Development and availability of new radiopharmaceuticals specific for particular diseases is one of the driving forces of the expansion of clinical PET. The future development of the ⁶⁸Ga-radiopharmaceuticals must be put in the context of several aspects such as role of PET in nuclear medicine, unmet medical needs, identification of new biomarkers, targets and corresponding ligands, production and availability of ⁶⁸Ga, automation of the radiopharmaceutical production, progress of positron emission tomography technologies and image analysis methodologies for improved quantitation accuracy, PET radiopharmaceutical regulations as well as advances in radiopharmaceutical chemistry. The review presents the prospects of the ⁶⁸Ga-based radiopharmaceutical development on the basis of the current status of these aspects as well as wide range and variety of imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Velikyan
- 1. Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-75183 Uppsala, Sweden
- 2. PET-Centre, Centre for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
- 3. Department of Radiology, Oncology, and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, SE-75285 Uppsala, Sweden
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Haji Dheere AK, Yusuf N, Gee A. Rapid and efficient synthesis of [11C]ureas via the incorporation of [11C]CO2 into aliphatic and aromatic amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8193-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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