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Bauer D, Cornejo MA, Hoang TT, Lewis JS, Zeglis BM. Click Chemistry and Radiochemistry: An Update. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1925-1950. [PMID: 37737084 PMCID: PMC10655046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The term "click chemistry" describes a class of organic transformations that were developed to make chemical synthesis simpler and easier, in essence allowing chemists to combine molecular subunits as if they were puzzle pieces. Over the last 25 years, the click chemistry toolbox has swelled from the canonical copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition to encompass an array of ligations, including bioorthogonal variants, such as the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition and the inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction. Without question, the rise of click chemistry has impacted all areas of chemical and biological science. Yet the unique traits of radiopharmaceutical chemistry have made it particularly fertile ground for this technology. In this update, we seek to provide a comprehensive guide to recent developments at the intersection of click chemistry and radiopharmaceutical chemistry and to illuminate several exciting trends in the field, including the use of emergent click transformations in radiosynthesis, the clinical translation of novel probes synthesized using click chemistry, and the advent of click-based in vivo pretargeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bauer
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Mike A. Cornejo
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University
of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of
the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Tran T. Hoang
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York 10021, New York United States
| | - Brian M. Zeglis
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University
of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of
the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York 10021, New York United States
- Ph.D.
Program
in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the
City University of New York, New
York, New York 10016, United States
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2
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Al-Haddad R, Ismailani US, Rotstein BH. Current and Future Cardiovascular PET Radiopharmaceuticals. PET Clin 2019; 14:293-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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3
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Hohn M, Chang M, Meisel JE, Frost E, Schwegmann K, Hermann S, Schäfers M, Riemann B, Haufe G, Breyholz H, Wagner S. Synthesis and Preliminary In Vitroand In VivoEvaluation of Thiirane‐Based Slow‐Binding MMP Inhibitors as Potential Radiotracers for PET Imaging. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hohn
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A1 D-48149 Münster Germany
- Organic Chemistry InstituteUniversity of Münster Corrensstr. 40 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 354 McCourtney HallUniversity of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556–5710 USA
| | - Jayda E. Meisel
- Chemical, BiologicalRadiological, Nuclearand Explosive DefenseBattelle Memorial Institute 505 King Avenue Columbus Ohio 43201 USA
| | - Emma Frost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 354 McCourtney HallUniversity of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556–5710 USA
| | - Katrin Schwegmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI)University of Münster Waldeyerstraße 15 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI)University of Münster Waldeyerstraße 15 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A1 D-48149 Münster Germany
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI)University of Münster Waldeyerstraße 15 D-48149 Münster Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Cluster of ExcellenceUniversity of Münster D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Burkhard Riemann
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A1 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organic Chemistry InstituteUniversity of Münster Corrensstr. 40 D-48149 Münster Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Cluster of ExcellenceUniversity of Münster D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Breyholz
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A1 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A1 D-48149 Münster Germany
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4
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Hugenberg V, Behrends M, Wagner S, Hermann S, Schäfers M, Kolb HC, Szardenings K, Walsh JC, Gomez LF, Kopka K, Haufe G. Synthesis, radiosynthesis, in vitro and first in vivo evaluation of a new matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor based on γ-fluorinated α-sulfonylaminohydroxamic acid. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2018; 3:10. [PMID: 30101186 PMCID: PMC6063323 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-018-0045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To study MMP activity in vivo in disease, several radiolabeled MMP inhibitors functioning as radiotracers have been evaluated by means of SPECT and PET. Unfortunately, most of them suffer from metabolic instability, mainly hepatobiliary clearance and insufficient target binding. The introduction of a fluorine atom into MMPIs could contribute to target binding, enhance the metabolic stability and might shift the clearance towards more renal elimination. Recently developed α-sulfonylaminohydroxamic acid based γ-fluorinated inhibitors of MMP-2 and -9 provide promising fluorine interactions with the enzyme active site and high MMP inhibition potencies. The aim of this study is the (radio)synthesis of a γ-fluorinated MMP-2 and -9 inhibitor to evaluate its potential as a radiotracer to image MMP activity in vivo. Results Two new fluorine-containing, enantiomerically pure inhibitors for MMP-2 and -9 were synthesized in a six step sequence. Both enantiomers exhibited equal inhibition potencies in the low nanomolar and subnanomolar range. LogD value indicated better water solubility compared to the CGS 25966 based analog. The most potent inhibitor was successfully radiofluorinated. In vivo biodistribution in wild type mice revealed predominantly hepatobiliary clearance. Two major radioactive metabolites were found in different organs. Defluorination of the radiotracer was not observed. Conclusion (Radio)synthesis of a CGS based γ-fluorinated MMP inhibitor was successfully accomplished. The (S)-enantiomer, which normally shows no biological activity, also exhibited high MMP inhibition potencies, which may be attributed to additional interactions of fluorine with enzyme’s active site. Despite higher hydrophilicity no significant differences in the clearance characteristics compared to non-fluorinated MMPIs was observed. Metabolically stabilizing effect of the fluorine was not monitored in vivo in wild type mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41181-018-0045-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Hugenberg
- 1European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,2Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Present Address: Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine Westphalia, University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Georgstraße 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Malte Behrends
- 3Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- 2Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- 1European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,4Cells in Motion' Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- 1European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,2Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,4Cells in Motion' Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hartmuth C Kolb
- 5Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., 6140 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, California, 90230 USA
| | - Katrin Szardenings
- 5Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., 6140 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, California, 90230 USA
| | - Joseph C Walsh
- 5Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., 6140 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, California, 90230 USA
| | - Luis F Gomez
- 5Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., 6140 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, California, 90230 USA
| | - Klaus Kopka
- 2Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Present Address: German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- 1European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,3Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,4Cells in Motion' Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Hydrolytic enzymes are a large class of biological catalysts that play a vital role in a plethora of critical biochemical processes required to maintain human health. However, the expression and/or activity of these important enzymes can change in many different diseases and therefore represent exciting targets for the development of positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracers. This review focuses on recently reported radiolabeled substrates, reversible inhibitors, and irreversible inhibitors investigated as PET and SPECT tracers for imaging hydrolytic enzymes. By learning from the most successful examples of tracer development for hydrolytic enzymes, it appears that an early focus on careful enzyme kinetics and cell-based studies are key factors for identifying potentially useful new molecular imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Rempel
- 1 Department of Science, Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric W Price
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christopher P Phenix
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,3 Biomarker Discovery, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Butsch V, Börgel F, Galla F, Schwegmann K, Hermann S, Schäfers M, Riemann B, Wünsch B, Wagner S. Design, (Radio)Synthesis, and in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Highly Selective and Potent Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 (MMP-12) Inhibitors as Radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4115-4134. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Butsch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frederik Börgel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Galla
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katrin Schwegmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 − CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Burkhard Riemann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 − CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
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van der Born D, Pees A, Poot AJ, Orru RVA, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Fluorine-18 labelled building blocks for PET tracer synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4709-4773. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and application of fluorine-18 labelled building blocks since 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion van der Born
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Anna Pees
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Alex J. Poot
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules
- Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)
- VU University Amsterdam
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
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