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Degueldre C, Findlay J, Cheneler D, Sardar S, Green S. Short life fission products extracted from molten salt reactor fuel for radiopharmaceutical applications. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 205:111146. [PMID: 38154267 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
This work studies the potential of using short life fission product (AFp) radioisotopes e.g. 82Br, 86Rb, (90Sr) - 90mY, (99Mo) - 99mTc, 103Ru - 103mRh, 111Ag, 127Sb - 127(m)Te, 126I, 131I, 133Xe, 136Cs, 141Ce, 143Ce, 143Pr, 147Nd - 147Pm, 149Pm, 153Sm, 156Eu, 159Gd and 161Tb, extracted from a molten salt reactor and their separation using specific thermodynamic and radiochemical conditions. Their utilisation for coupled radiodiagnostics and radiotherapy is a key consideration. A molten salt reactor produces fission products during operation. These radioisotopes can be separated at line from the liquid fuel by evaporation/distillation, chemical reduction (using H2 doped gas), electro-deposition and/or chemical oxidation (using Cl2 doped gas). They can be refined and chemically treated for radiopharmaceutical use for imaging and radiodiagnostics utilising γ radioscopy or positron emission tomography, and potentially in radiotherapy to target specific cancers or viral diseases using β- emitters. Some of the AFp isotopes are currently used for radiodiagnostics because they emit γ rays of energy 50-200 keV. However, some may also be used in parallel for radiotherapy utilising their β- (EMean ≈ 100 keV) emission whose mean free pathway of c.a. 100 nm in biological tissue is much smaller than their penetration depth. Focus is given to 86Rb, 90Y, 99mTc, 131I and 133Xe as well as on the ALn isotopes (141Ce, 143Ce - 143Pr, 147Nd - 147Pm, 149Pm and 153Sm) because of their strong potential for complexation with bio-ligands (e.g. DOTA) or for their ability to form micro-nano-spheres, and because of their potential for dual radiodiagnostics and radiotherapy. It is shown that these radio-lanthanides could also replace 177Lu for the treatment of specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Degueldre
- School of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK.
| | - Joshua Findlay
- School of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - David Cheneler
- School of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Suneela Sardar
- School of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Sarah Green
- School of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
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Ma W, Lv TT, Tang JH, Feng ML, Huang XY. Highly Efficient Uptake of Cs + by Robust Layered Metal-Organic Frameworks with a Distinctive Ion Exchange Mechanism. JACS AU 2022; 2:492-501. [PMID: 35252998 PMCID: PMC8889614 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
137Cs with strong radioactivity and a long half-life is highly hazardous to human health and the environment. The efficient removal of 137Cs from complex solutions is still challenging because of its high solubility and easy mobility and the influence of interfering ions. It is highly desirable to develop effective scavengers for radiocesium remediation. Here, the highly efficient uptake of Cs+ has been realized by two robust layered metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely [(CH3)2NH2]In(L)2·DMF·H2O (DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide, H2L= H2aip (5-aminoisophthalic acid) for 1 and H2hip (5-hydroxyisophthalic acid) for 2). Remarkably, 1 and 2 hold excellent acid and alkali resistance and radiation stabilities. They exhibit fast kinetics, high capacities (q m Cs = 270.86 and 297.67 mg/g for 1 and 2, respectively), excellent selectivity for Cs+ uptake, and facile elution for the regeneration of materials. Particularly, 1 and 2 can achieve efficient Cs+/Sr2+ separation in a wide range of Sr/Cs molar ratios. For example, the separation factor (SF Cs/Sr) is up to ∼320 for 1. Moreover, the Cs+ uptake and elution mechanisms have been directly elucidated at the molecular level by an unprecedented single-crystal to single-crystal (SC-SC) structural transformation, which is attributed to the strong interactions between COO- functional groups and Cs+ ions, easily exchangeable [(CH3)2NH2]+, and flexible and robust anionic layer frameworks with open windows as "pockets". This work highlights layered MOFs for the highly efficient uptake of Cs+ ions in the field of radionuclide remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R.
China
| | - Tian-Tian Lv
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Hao Tang
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R.
China
| | - Mei-Ling Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian
Province Joint Innovation Key Laboratory of Fuel and Materials in
Clean Nuclear Energy System, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure
of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R.
China
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R.
China
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Wu H, Kawamura T, Kim SY. Adsorption and separation behaviors of Y(III) and Sr(II) in acid solution by a porous silica based adsorbent. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Choi JW, Cho S, Choi SJ. Ecofriendly, selective removal of radioactive strontium ions in aqueous solutions using magnetic banana peels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146327. [PMID: 33721641 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclide Sr2+ in aqueous solution was removed using a large amount of banana peel (BP). Magnetized BP, mag@BP, was synthesized for recovery after the adsorption process. The synthesis was a very simple process of precipitation of BP with a magnetic substance. The synthesized adsorbent was thoroughly examined by performing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and vibration sample magnetometer analysis. Moreover, mag@BP has a Sr2+ maximum adsorption capacity of 23.827 mg/g according to isothermal adsorption, which is the best fit for the Langmuir isotherm model. In the pH effect experiment, the highest Sr2+ adsorption capacity was found at pH 9, and it has a spontaneous adsorption mechanism through experiments on temperature, time, and selectivity, and it reaches adsorption equilibrium within a short time and has high selectivity through competitive adsorption with Na+. In addition, an adsorption mechanism accompanied by ion exchange with K+ on the surface of BP, bonding with various functional groups, and electrical attraction were established. Therefore, mag@BP is suitable for use an environmentally friendly, low cost, and recoverable adsorbent for magnetic removal of Sr2+ from aqueous solutions. Further, unlike other carbon-based adsorbents, it does not cause cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Weon Choi
- Green Carbon Catalysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangeun Cho
- School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-June Choi
- School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Electrokinetics couples with the adsorption of activated carbon-supported hydroxycarbonate green rust that enhances the removal of Sr cations from the stock solution in batch and column. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Geraldo B, de Araujo LG, Vicente R, Taddei MHT, Cheberle SM, Marumo JT. Radioanalytical methods for sequential analysis of actinide isotopes in activated carbon filter-bed waste. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ding D, Cheng L, Wang KY, Liu HW, Sun M, Wang C. Efficient Cs +-Sr 2+ Separation over a Microporous Silver Selenidostannate Synthesized in Deep Eutectic Solvent. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9638-9647. [PMID: 32479064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Efficient Cs+-Sr2+ separation, highly desirable for radionuclide recovery in medical and industrial applications, was achieved by the ion exchange technique over a novel microporous silver selenidostannate, [NH3CH3]0.5[NH2(CH3)2]0.25Ag1.25SnSe3 (AgSnSe-1). This material was synthesized in deep eutectic solvent (DES), where the alkylammonium cations play significant structure-directing roles in the construction of micropores that allow for selective ion exchange toward Cs+ against Sr2+. The much greater KdCs (1.06 × 104 mL g-1) over KdSr (87.7 mL g-1) contributes to an outstanding separation factor SFCs/Sr of ∼121.4 that is top-ranked among inorganic materials. An ion exchange column filled with AgSnSe-1 exhibits a remarkable separation effect for 10 000 bed volumes of continuous flow, with removal rates of ∼99.9% and ∼0 ± 5.5% for Cs+ and Sr2+, respectively. AgSnSe-1 exhibits excellent β and γ radiation resistances and a chemical stability over a broad pH range of 1-12. The Se leaching level below the safe guideline value for drinking water highlights the environmental-friendly nature of AgSnSe-1. The high Cs+ exchange performance is almost unaffected by Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ cations. The Cs+-laden product AgSnSe-1Cs can be facilely eluted for recycling use, highlighting the great potential of open framework metal selenides in nuclear waste treatment and renewable energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Yao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
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Huang T, Song D, Yin LX, Zhang SW, Liu LF, Zhou L. Microwave irradiation assisted sodium hexametaphosphate modification on the alkali-activated blast furnace slag for enhancing immobilization of strontium. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125069. [PMID: 31614313 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An inadvertent leakage of 90Sr into the environment can induce an easy accumulation in biosphere and cause a continuous radiation to the surrounding ecosystem. In this study, sodium hexametaphosphate (Na6O18P6) was employed to modify the blast furnace slags (BFS) to enhance the chemical stabilization of Sr2+ ions in the BFS-based cementitious materials. Microwave irradiation (MW) was used to further increase the binder activity of BFS samples and strengthened the mechanical strengths and durability of BFS-based blocks. A combination of experimental factors including the mass ratio of Na6O18P6 to BFS-Sr0.1 of 15%, the ratio of solid to liquid of 1:4 mg/L, the output power of 650 W, and the activation time of 3 min was most conductive to achieving an optimal microwave-irradiation process. Four extraction solutions were sorted by their leaching abilities following as MgSO4 solution > H2SO4 solution > CH3OOH solution > deionized (DI) water based on their leaching results. Compared with microwave irradiation, an addition of Na6O18P6 to BFS samples obtained a better compressive strength for BFS-based blocks. However, a microwave-irradiation treatment was more effective in improving the resistances of blocks to gamma irradiation and thermal-thaw changes. Exposing to gamma irradiation over 6 months and enduring to thermal-thaw tests over 15 cycles, the microwave-treated blocks only lost 3.29% and 2.23% of leaching removal efficiencies in deionized water, respectively. Microwave irradiation increased the mechanical strengths of BFS-based blocks and inhibited leaching of Sr2+ ions from matrices mainly by strengthening hydration reactions and Sr2+ encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, No. 99, South 3rd Ring Road, Changshu, 215500, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China; School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China.
| | - Dongping Song
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, No. 99, South 3rd Ring Road, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Li-Xin Yin
- School of Economics and Management, Changshu Institute of Technology, No. 99, South 3rd Ring Road, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Shu-Wen Zhang
- Nuclear Resources Engineering College, University of South China, 421001, China
| | - Long-Fei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, No. 99, South 3rd Ring Road, Changshu, 215500, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, No. 99, South 3rd Ring Road, Changshu, 215500, China
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9
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Wang KY, Ding D, Sun M, Cheng L, Wang C. Effective and Rapid Adsorption of Sr2+ Ions by a Hydrated Pentasodium Cluster Templated Zinc Thiostannate. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10184-10193. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Dong Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
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