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Xu Q, Wang X, Mu Z, Zhou Y, Ding X, Ji X, Yan J, Pan D, Chen C, Xu Y, Wang L, Wang J, Wang G, Yang M. Repurposing iron chelators for accurate positron emission tomography imaging tracking of radiometal-labeled cell transplants. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e473. [PMID: 38292327 PMCID: PMC10827001 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of radiolabeled cells for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging tracking has been a promising approach for monitoring cell-based therapies. However, the presence of free radionuclides released from dead cells during tracking can interfere with the signal from living cells, leading to inaccurate results. In this study, the effectiveness of the iron chelators deferoxamine (DFO) and deferiprone in removing free radionuclides 89Zr and 68Ga, respectively, was demonstrated in vivo utilizing PET imaging. The use of DFO during PET imaging tracking of 89Zr-labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) significantly reduced uptake in bone while preserving uptake in major organs, resulting in more accurate and reliable tracking. Furthermore, the clearance of free 89Zr in vivo resulted in a significant reduction in radiation dose from 89Zr-labeled MSCs. Additionally, the avoidance of free radionuclide accumulation in bone allowed for more precise observation of the homing process and persistence during bone marrow transplantation. The efficacy and safety of this solution suggest this finding has potential for widespread use in imaging tracking studies involving various cells. Moreover, since this method employed iron chelator drugs in clinical use, which makes it is a good prospect for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Ziqian Mu
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Yixiang Zhou
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Xin Ji
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Junjie Yan
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Donghui Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Chongyang Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Yuping Xu
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Lizhen Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Renocell Biotech Co., Ltd.NanjingChina
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Min Yang
- Department of RadiopharmaceuticalsSchool of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
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2
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Kheyrolahzadeh K, Tohidkia MR, Tarighatnia A, Shahabi P, Nader ND, Aghanejad A. Theranostic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells: Insight into recent trends and challenges in solid tumors. Life Sci 2023; 328:121917. [PMID: 37422069 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy has reached significant milestones in various life-threatening diseases, including cancer. Cell therapy using fluorescent and radiolabeled chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell is a successful strategy for diagnosing or treating malignancies. Since cell therapy approaches have different results in cancers, the success of hematological cancers has yet to transfer to solid tumor therapy, leading to more casualties. Therefore, there are many areas for improvement in the cell therapy platform. Understanding the therapeutic barriers associated with solid cancers through cell tracking and molecular imaging may provide a platform for effectively delivering CAR-T cells into solid tumors. This review describes CAR-T cells' role in treating solid and non-solid tumors and recent advances. Furthermore, we discuss the main obstacles, mechanism of action, novel strategies and solutions to overcome the challenges from molecular imaging and cell tracking perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Kheyrolahzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tohidkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Tarighatnia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader D Nader
- Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Ayuob Aghanejad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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3
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Drescher R, Gröber S, Freesmeyer M, Greiser J. Preparation and labelling of red blood cells with [ 68Ga]Ga-oxine for PET/CT imaging of the human spleen. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 118-119:108333. [PMID: 36940567 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the introduction of automated synthetization methods, the in-house production of several 68Ga-based tracers became feasible in hospital laboratories. We describe a possible standard operating procedure (SOP) for [68Ga]Ga-oxine-labeled heat-denaturated erythrocytes, which can be used for selective imaging in patients with splenic disorders. METHODS Heat-denaturated erythrocytes were labeled with [68Ga]Ga-oxine, which was produced from 68Ga and 8-hydroxyquinoline on an automated synthesizer. The workflow was validated in a good manufacturing/good radiopharmaceutical practice (GMP/GRP) certified laboratory. A patient underwent [68Ga]Ga-oxine-erythrocyte PET/CT for differentiation of an intrapancreatic mass. RESULTS [68Ga]Ga-oxine and [68Ga]Ga-oxine-labeled erythrocytes could be synthesized reproducibly and reliably. The products met GMP quality standards. The tracer showed high accumulation in the intrapancreatic mass, consistent with an accessory spleen. CONCLUSIONS PET/CT imaging with [68Ga]Ga-oxine-labeled, heat-denaturated erythrocytes can be a backup method for the differentiation of functioning splenic tissue from tumors. An SOP for the production of the tracer in a clinical setting could be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Drescher
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gröber
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Freesmeyer
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Julia Greiser
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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4
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PET/CT of the Spleen with Gallium-Oxine-Labeled, Heat-Damaged Red Blood Cells: Clinical Experience and Technical Aspects. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030566. [PMID: 36766669 PMCID: PMC9913950 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several scintigraphic techniques have been supplemented or replaced by PET/CT methods because of their superior sensitivity, high resolution, and absolute activity quantification capability. The purpose of this project was the development of a PET tracer for splenic imaging, its radiopharmaceutical validation, and its application in selected patients in whom unclear constellations of findings could not be resolved with established imaging methods. Heat-damaged red blood cells (RBCs) were labeled with [68Ga]gallium-oxine, which was produced from [68Ga]gallium and 8-Hydroxyquinoline (oxine) on an automated synthesizer. Ten patients underwent [68Ga]gallium-oxine-RBC-PET/CT for the classification of eleven unclear lesions (3 intra-, 8 extrapancreatic). [68Ga]gallium-oxine and [68Ga]gallium-oxine-labeled RBCs could be synthesized reproducibly and reliably. The products met GMP quality standards. The tracer showed high accumulation in splenic tissue. Of the 11 lesions evaluated by PET/CT, 3 were correctly classified as non-splenic, 6 as splenic, 1 as equivocal, and 1 lesion as a splenic hypoplasia. All lesions classified as non-splenic were malignant, and all lesions classified as splenic did not show malignant features during follow-up. PET/CT imaging of the spleen with [68Ga]gallium-oxine-labeled, heat-damaged RBCs is feasible and allowed differentiation of splenic from non-splenic tissues, and the diagnosis of splenic anomalies.
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High-Resolution Splenic Imaging: [ 68Ga]Ga-Oxine Red Blood Cell PET/CT for Differentiation of Splenosis Mimicking Malignant Lymphoma. Tomography 2022; 8:2915-2918. [PMID: 36548536 PMCID: PMC9781823 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8060244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of splenic tissue from malignant lesions via imaging may be challenging, particularly considering aberrant or accessory lesions and diseases that are rarely encountered. Functioning splenic tissue can be identified using technetium-99m red blood cell (99mTc-RBC) scintigraphy, but its sensitivity is limited and may not be available. We present the case of a patient in whom disseminated abdomino-pelvic splenosis was diagnosed using PET/CT with gallium-68-oxine-labeled RBCs. The method represents a feasible and probably superior alternative to splenic scintigraphy.
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Gawne PJ, Man F, Blower PJ, T M de Rosales R. Direct Cell Radiolabeling for in Vivo Cell Tracking with PET and SPECT Imaging. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10266-10318. [PMID: 35549242 PMCID: PMC9185691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The arrival of cell-based therapies is a revolution in medicine. However, its safe clinical application in a rational manner depends on reliable, clinically applicable methods for determining the fate and trafficking of therapeutic cells in vivo using medical imaging techniques─known as in vivo cell tracking. Radionuclide imaging using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) has several advantages over other imaging modalities for cell tracking because of its high sensitivity (requiring low amounts of probe per cell for imaging) and whole-body quantitative imaging capability using clinically available scanners. For cell tracking with radionuclides, ex vivo direct cell radiolabeling, that is, radiolabeling cells before their administration, is the simplest and most robust method, allowing labeling of any cell type without the need for genetic modification. This Review covers the development and application of direct cell radiolabeling probes utilizing a variety of chemical approaches: organic and inorganic/coordination (radio)chemistry, nanomaterials, and biochemistry. We describe the key early developments and the most recent advances in the field, identifying advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches and informing future development and choice of methods for clinical and preclinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gawne
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
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7
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Sato N, Choyke PL. Whole-Body Imaging to Assess Cell-Based Immunotherapy: Preclinical Studies with an Update on Clinical Translation. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:235-248. [PMID: 34816284 PMCID: PMC8983636 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, immunotherapies against cancers made impressive progress. Immunotherapy includes a broad range of interventions that can be separated into two major groups: cell-based immunotherapies, such as adoptive T cell therapies and stem cell therapies, and immunomodulatory molecular therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors and cytokine therapies. Genetic engineering techniques that transduce T cells with a cancer-antigen-specific T cell receptor or chimeric antigen receptor have expanded to other cell types, and further modulation of the cells to enhance cancer targeting properties has been explored. Because cell-based immunotherapies rely on cells migrating to target organs or tissues, there is a growing interest in imaging technologies that non-invasively monitor transferred cells in vivo. Here, we review whole-body imaging methods to assess cell-based immunotherapy using a variety of examples. Following a review of preclinically used cell tracking technologies, we consider the status of their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10/Rm. B3B406, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10/Rm. B3B69F, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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8
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Friberger I, Jussing E, Han J, Goos JACM, Siikanen J, Kaipe H, Lambert M, Harris RA, Samén E, Carlsten M, Holmin S, Tran TA. Optimisation of the Synthesis and Cell Labelling Conditions for [ 89Zr]Zr-oxine and [ 89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS: a Direct In Vitro Comparison in Cell Types with Distinct Therapeutic Applications. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:952-962. [PMID: 34231103 PMCID: PMC8578071 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to better characterise cell-based therapies in preclinical models to help facilitate their translation to humans. Long-term high-resolution tracking of the cells in vivo is often impossible due to unreliable methods. Radiolabelling of cells has the advantage of being able to reveal cellular kinetics in vivo over time. This study aimed to optimise the synthesis of the radiotracers [89Zr]Zr-oxine (8-hydroxyquinoline) and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS (p-SCN-Bn-Deferoxamine) and to perform a direct comparison of the cell labelling efficiency using these radiotracers. PROCEDURES Several parameters, such as buffers, pH, labelling time and temperature, were investigated to optimise the synthesis of [89Zr]Zr-oxine and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS in order to reach a radiochemical conversion (RCC) of >95 % without purification. Radio-instant thin-layer chromatography (iTLC) and radio high-performance liquid chromatography (radio-HPLC) were used to determine the RCC. Cells were labelled with [89Zr]Zr-oxine or [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS. The cellular retention of 89Zr and the labelling impact was determined by analysing the cellular functions, such as viability, proliferation, phagocytotic ability and phenotypic immunostaining. RESULTS The optimised synthesis of [89Zr]Zr-oxine and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS resulted in straightforward protocols not requiring additional purification. [89Zr]Zr-oxine and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS were synthesised with an average RCC of 98.4 % (n = 16) and 98.0 % (n = 13), respectively. Cell labelling efficiencies were 63.9 % (n = 35) and 70.2 % (n = 30), respectively. 89Zr labelling neither significantly affected the cell viability (cell viability loss was in the range of 1-8 % compared to its corresponding non-labelled cells, P value > 0.05) nor the cells' proliferation rate. The phenotype of human decidual stromal cells (hDSC) and phagocytic function of rat bone-marrow-derived macrophages (rMac) was somewhat affected by radiolabelling. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that [89Zr]Zr-oxine and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS are equally effective in cell labelling. However, [89Zr]Zr-oxine was superior to [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS with regard to long-term stability, cellular retention, minimal variation between cell types and cell labelling efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Friberger
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Jussing
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeroen A C M Goos
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Siikanen
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen Kaipe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Department of Medicine in Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Samén
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- Department of Medicine in Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Cell Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Holmin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thuy A Tran
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ, oxine) is a small, monoprotic, bicyclic aromatic compound and its relative donor group orientation imparts impressive bidentate metal chelating abilities that have been exploited in a vast array of applications over decades. 8-HQ and its derivatives have been explored in medicinal applications including anti-neurodegeneration, anticancer properties, and antimicrobial activities. One long established use of 8-HQ in medicinal inorganic chemistry is the coordination of radioactive isotopes of metal ions in nuclear medicine. The metal-oxine complex with the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging isotope [111In]In3+ was developed in the 1970s and 1980s to radiolabel leukocytes for inflammation and infection imaging. The [111In][In(oxine)3] complex functions as an ionophore: a moderately stable lipophilic complex to enter cells; however, inside the cell environment [111In]In3+ undergoes exchange and remains localized. As new developments have progressed towards radiopharmaceuticals capable of both imaging and therapy (theranostics), 8-HQ has been re-explored in recent years to investigate its potential to chelate larger radiometal ions with longer half-lives and different indications. Further, metal-oxine complexes have been used to study liposomes and other nanomaterials by tracking these nanomedicines in vivo. Expanding 8-HQ to multidentate ligands for highly thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert complexes has increased the possibilities of this small molecule in nuclear medicine. This article outlines the historic use of metal-oxine complexes in inorganic radiopharmaceutical chemistry, with a focus on recent advances highlighting the possibilities of developing higher denticity, targeted bifunctional chelators with 8-HQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Southcott
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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Kiraga Ł, Kucharzewska P, Paisey S, Cheda Ł, Domańska A, Rogulski Z, Rygiel TP, Boffi A, Król M. Nuclear imaging for immune cell tracking in vivo – Comparison of various cell labeling methods and their application. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Zhang X, Wang L, Fu W, Feng Y, Zeng C, Zhou L, Zhang T, Xu T, Cao J, Li Z, Chen Y. 18F-PEG1-Vinyl Sulfone-Labeled Red Blood Cells as Positron Emission Tomography Agent to Image Intra-Abdominal Bleeding. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:646862. [PMID: 34291057 PMCID: PMC8287037 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.646862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-Labeled blood pool agents (BPAs) have attracted great attention for identifying bleeding sites. However, many BPAs are not sufficiently evaluated partially due to the limitations of labeling methods. In our previous work, we noticed that 18F-PEG1-vinyl sulfone (18F-VS) could efficiently label red blood cells (RBCs) ex vivo and in situ. However, its application as BPA is not fully evaluated. In this study, we systematically explored the feasibility of using 18F-VS-labeled RBCs as a positron emission tomography (PET) BPA for intra-abdominal bleeding diagnosis. In brief, we first optimized the labeling conditions, which lead to an 80% labeling yield of RBCs after incubating with 18F-VS in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C for 20 min. 18F-VS-labeled RBCs were found to be stable in vitro, which could simplify its transportation/storage for in vivo applications. In normal rat PET study, the cardiovascular system could be clearly imaged up to 5 h post injection (p.i.). An intra-abdominal hemorrhage rat model demonstrated that the 18F-VS-labeled RBCs clearly showed the dynamic changes of extravascular radioactivity due to intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Validation in the model of gastrointestinal bleeding clearly demonstrated the great potential of using 18F-VS-labeled RBCs as a BPA, which could be further evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan, Luzhou, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan, Luzhou, China
| | - Chengrun Zeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan, Luzhou, China
| | - Liu Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan, Luzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan, Luzhou, China
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan, Luzhou, China
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12
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Labeling of Hinokitiol with 90Y for Potential Radionuclide Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9060940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of primary liver tumors, is the fifth cancer in the world in terms of incidence, and third in terms of mortality. Despite significant advances in the treatment of HCC, its prognosis remains bleak. Transarterial radioembolization with radiolabeled microspheres and Lipiodol has demonstrated significant effectiveness. Here we present a new, simple radiolabeling of Lipiodol with Yttrium-90, for the potential treatment of HCC.
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Ankrah AO, Sathekge MM, Dierckx RAJO, Glaudemans AWJM. Radionuclide Imaging of Fungal Infections and Correlation with the Host Defense Response. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060407. [PMID: 34067410 PMCID: PMC8224611 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human response to invading fungi includes a series of events that detect, kill, or clear the fungi. If the metabolic host response is unable to eliminate the fungi, an infection ensues. Some of the host response’s metabolic events to fungi can be imaged with molecules labelled with radionuclides. Several important clinical applications have been found with radiolabelled biomolecules of inflammation. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose is the tracer that has been most widely investigated in the host defence of fungi. This tracer has added value in the early detection of infection, in staging and visualising dissemination of infection, and in monitoring antifungal treatment. Radiolabelled antimicrobial peptides showed promising results, but large prospective studies in fungal infection are lacking. Other tracers have also been used in imaging events of the host response, such as the migration of white blood cells at sites of infection, nutritional immunity in iron metabolism, and radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies. Many tracers are still at the preclinical stage. Some tracers require further studies before translation into clinical use. The application of therapeutic radionuclides offers a very promising clinical application of these tracers in managing drug-resistant fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred O. Ankrah
- National Centre for Radiotherapy Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra GA-222 7974, Ghana;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Mike M. Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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Massicano AVF, Bartels JL, Jeffers CD, Crenshaw BK, Houson H, Mueller C, Younger JW, Knapp P, McConathy JE, Lapi SE. Production of [ 89 Zr]Oxinate 4 and cell radiolabeling for human use. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 64:209-216. [PMID: 33326139 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
[89 Zr]Oxinate4 is a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracer for cell radiolabeling that can enable imaging techniques to help better understand cell trafficking in various diseases. Although several groups have synthetized this compound for use in preclinical studies, there is no available data regarding the production of [89 Zr]Oxinate4 for human use. In this report, we describe the detailed production of [89 Zr]Oxinate4 under USP <823> and autologous leukocyte radiolabeling under USP <797>. The final product presented high radiochemical purity and stability at 24 h post synthesis (>99%) and passed in all quality control assays required for clinical use. [89 Zr]Oxinate4 did not compromise the white blood cells viability and did not show considerable cellular efflux up to 3 h post labeling. The translation of this technique into human use can provide insight into several disease mechanisms since [89 Zr]Oxinate4 has the potential to label any cell subset of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana V F Massicano
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer L Bartels
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Charlotte D Jeffers
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bryant K Crenshaw
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hailey Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christina Mueller
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jarred W Younger
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Paul Knapp
- Nuclear and Precision Health Solutions, Cardinal Health, Dublin, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan E McConathy
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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15
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Wang XY, Wang Y, Wu Q, Liu JJ, Liu Y, Pan DH, Qi W, Wang LZ, Yan JJ, Xu YP, Wang GJ, Miao LY, Yu L, Yang M. Feasibility study of 68Ga-labeled CAR T cells for in vivo tracking using micro-positron emission tomography imaging. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:824-831. [PMID: 32901086 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical tracking of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is an area of intense interest. But the long-lived positron emitter-labeled CAR T cells stay in the liver and spleen for days or even weeks. Thus, the excessive absorbed effective dose becomes a major biosafety issue leading it difficult for clinical translation. In this study we used 68Ga, a commercially available short-lived positron emitter, to label CAR T cells for noninvasive cell tracking in vivo. CAR T cells could be tracked in vivo by 68Ga-PET imaging for at least 6 h. We showed a significant correlation between the distribution of 89Zr and 68Ga-labeled CAR T cells in the same tissues (lungs, liver, and spleen). The distribution and homing behavior of CAR T cells at the early period is highly correlated with the long-term fate of CAR T cells in vivo. And the effective absorbed dose of 68Ga-labeled CAR T cells is only one twenty-fourth of 89Zr-labeled CAR T cells, which was safe for clinical translation. We conclude the feasibility of 68Ga instead of 89Zr directly labeling CAR T cells for noninvasive tracking of the cells in vivo at an early stage based on PET imaging. This method provides a potential solution to the emerging need for safe and practical PET tracer for cell tracking clinically.
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Man F, Khan AA, Carrascal-Miniño A, Blower PJ, T M de Rosales R. A kit formulation for the preparation of [ 89Zr]Zr(oxinate) 4 for PET cell tracking: White blood cell labelling and comparison with [ 111In]In(oxinate) 3. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 90-91:31-40. [PMID: 32979725 PMCID: PMC7116765 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in immunology and cell-based therapies are creating a need to track individual cell types, such as immune cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, etc.) and stem cells. As the fate of administered cells remains largely unknown, nuclear imaging could determine the migration and survival of cells in patients. [89Zr]Zr(oxinate)4, or [89Zr]Zr-oxine, is a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) that has been evaluated in preclinical models of cell tracking and could improve on [111In]In-oxine, the current gold standard radiotracer for cell tracking by scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), because of the better sensitivity, spatial resolution and quantification of PET. However, a clinically usable formulation of [89Zr]Zr-oxine is lacking. This study demonstrates a 1-step procedure for preparing [89Zr]Zr-oxine and evaluates it against [111In]In-oxine in white blood cell (WBC) labelling. METHODS Commercial [89Zr]Zr-oxalate was added to a formulation containing oxine, a buffering agent, a base and a surfactant or organic solvent. WBC isolated from 10 human volunteers were radiolabelled with [89Zr]Zr-oxine following a clinical radiolabelling protocol. Labelling efficiency, cell viability, chemotaxis and DNA damage were evaluated in vitro, in an intra-individual comparison against [111In]In-oxine. RESULTS An optimised formulation of [89Zr]Zr-oxine containing oxine, polysorbate 80 and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) was developed. This enabled 1-step radiolabelling of oxine with commercial [89Zr]Zr-oxalate (0.1-25 MBq) in 5 min and radiotracer stability for 1 week. WBC labelling efficiency was 48.7 ± 6.3%, compared to 89.1 ± 9.5% (P < 0.0001, n = 10) for [111In]In-oxine. Intracellular retention of 89Zr and cell viability after radiolabelling were comparable to 111In. There were no significant differences in leukocyte chemotaxis or DNA damage between [89Zr]Zr-oxine or [111In]In-oxine. CONCLUSIONS, ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE: Our results demonstrate that [89Zr]Zr-oxine is a suitable PET alternative to [111In]In-oxine for WBC imaging. Our formulation allows rapid, stable, high-yield, single-step preparation of [89Zr]Zr-oxine from commercially available 89Zr. This will facilitate the clinical translation of cell tracking using [89Zr]Zr-oxine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Azalea A Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Amaia Carrascal-Miniño
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Reverchon J, Khayi F, Roger M, Moreau A, Kryza D. Optimization of the radiosynthesis of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 using a Trasis MiniAiO synthesizer: do we need to heat and purify? Nucl Med Commun 2020; 41:977-985. [PMID: 32796487 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUTION:: [Ga]Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11 showed a clear gain in sensitivity for lesion detection in the biological recurrence of prostate cancer as compared to the standard [F]fluorocholine radiopharmaceutical. To meet the strong demand for [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, we aimed to optimize an automated radiolabeling process by evaluating the influence of different key parameters on radiochemical purity and radiochemical yield. METHODS The radiosynthesis of [Ga]Ga PSMA-11 was performed using a Trasis MiniAio synthesizer and a Ge/Ga GalliaPharm generator supplied by Eckert & Ziegler, Berlin, Germany. Optimized labeling parameters were evaluated by variation of sodium acetate concentrations and temperature of radiolabeling as well as the purification process. RESULTS For each condition tested, radiochemical purity was higher than 99% in the final vial without batch failure, indicating a robust and fast radiosynthesis process. Radiosynthesis without the solid phase extraction purification process at room temperature in less than 5 min resulted in a radiolabeling efficiency of over 99% and remained stable at least 4 h without manual processing to limit operator radiation exposure. CONCLUSION The procedure was completely automated and provided a high radiochemical yield. It can be performed several times a day, facilitating the clinical demand of this radiopharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fouzi Khayi
- Department of Lumen Nuclear medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon
| | - Marianne Roger
- Department of Lumen Nuclear medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon
| | - Aurélie Moreau
- Department of Lumen Nuclear medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon
| | - David Kryza
- UNIV Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LAGEPP UMR 5007 CNRS Villeurbanne
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69437 Lyon, France
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