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Hojorat M, Pineau J, Driver CHS, Esteban-Gómez D, Cordier M, Zeevaart JR, Platas-Iglesias C, Lima LMP, Le Bris N, Tripier R. Relevance of Oxocyclam from Palladium(II) Coordination to Radiopharmaceutical Development. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11884-11896. [PMID: 38861670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
We provide a comprehensive study of the coordination of oxocyclam with palladium(II), including presentation of a novel bifunctional analogue, p-H2N-Bn-oxocyclam, bearing an aniline pendant. The complexation of palladium(II) with oxocyclam was examined by various techniques, including NMR analysis and potentiometric titrations which revealed that the Pd(II) complex can adopt different configurations such as trans-I and trans-III. In addition, oxocyclam forms a thermodynamically stable palladium(II) complex, the stabilization being attributed to the deprotonation of the amide function. The crystal structures of [Pd(H-1oxocyclam)]+ and [Pd(oxocyclam)]2+ were obtained, revealing the structural details previously anticipated, including, in the second case, the presence of the proton on the carbonyl oxygen atom. Additionally, the study explored the redox behavior of the Pd(II)-oxocyclam complex through reduction and oxidation voltammograms at different pH values. Successful 109Pd-labeling of oxocyclam and p-H2N-Bn-oxocyclam at pH 3.5 demonstrated high labeling efficiencies, whatever the species formed. The stability of the radiocomplexes was assessed and moderate transchelation toward EDTA was observed. Overall, oxocyclam displayed favorable properties for Pd(II) coordination and radiolabeling, suggesting its potential as a chelating agent for this metal in palladium-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Hojorat
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, Université de Brest, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Julie Pineau
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, Université de Brest, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Cathryn H S Driver
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Radiochemistry and PreClinical Imaging Facility, Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba, Pretoria 0240, North West, South Africa
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marie Cordier
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Radiochemistry and PreClinical Imaging Facility, Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba, Pretoria 0240, North West, South Africa
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luís M P Lima
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nathalie Le Bris
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, Université de Brest, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, Université de Brest, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
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Onoue R, Watanabe H, Ono M. Development of Novel Bimodal Agents Based on Near-Infrared BODIPY-Conjugated Hoechst Derivatives for Combined Use in Auger Electron and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1395-1403. [PMID: 38751619 PMCID: PMC11091974 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Auger electron therapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have attracted attention as powerful anticancer modalities. Herein, we report the development of novel bimodal agents for Auger electron therapy and PDT, and their application to combination therapy. [125I]NBH-1/NBH-1 and [125I]NBH-2/NBH-2, composing Hoechst and iodostyryl-BODIPY, were synthesized and evaluated regarding their usefulness as bimodal agents. [125I]NBH-1 showed significantly higher nuclear uptake than [125I]NBH-2 and radioactivity-dependent cytotoxicity induced by Auger electrons. In addition, NBH-1 exhibited photoinduced cytotoxicity. Combination therapy using [125I]NBH-1 and NBH-1 with light irradiation induced a superior cytotoxicity to these treatments alone. In tumor-bearing mice injected with NBH-1 or [125I]NBH-1/NBH-1 under light irradiation, significant tumor growth inhibition was observed compared with that of the control group. Especially, [125I]NBH-1/NBH-1 under light irradiation showed the strongest therapeutic effects among all treatments. These results suggest that [125I]NBH-1/NBH-1 is a potent bimodal agent for Auger therapy and PDT and that combination therapy using [125I]NBH-1 and NBH-1 shows enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Onoue
- Department of Patho-Functional
Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional
Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional
Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Saghez BS, Yang H, Radchenko V. High Separation Factor, High Molar Activity, and Inexpensive Purification Method for the Production of Pure 165Er. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5330-5340. [PMID: 38324916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Auger electron-emitting radionuclides with low (0.001-1 keV) energy, short-range (2-500 nm), and high linear energy transfer (4-26 keV/μm) can play an important role in the targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) of cancer. 165Er is a pure Auger electron-emitting radionuclide, making it a useful tool for the fundamental studies of the biological effects of Auger electrons. This work develops a simple, inexpensive, high separation factor, and high molar activity radiochemical isolation process for the production of 165Er (t1/2 10.36 h) suitable for TRT in vitro and in vivo studies using irradiated natHo solid targets. Methods: Small medical cyclotron proton-irradiation of natHo targets produced 165Er in GBq scale quantities. 165Er was isolated using cation exchange chromatographic resin (AG 50W-X8, 200-400 mesh, 20 mL, under atmospheric pressure) using α-hydroxyisobutyric acid (70 mM, pH 4.75) followed by extraction using TK212, TK211, and TK221 extraction chromatographic columns. Radio nuclidic and chemical purity of the final 165Er were confirmed using HPGe Gamma spectrometry and induction coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis, respectively. The purified 165Er was radiolabeled with two radiometal chelators (DOTA and Crown) and used to produce a new Auger electron-emitting radiopharmaceutical, [165Er]Er-Crown-TATE. Results: Irradiation of 200 mg natHo targets with 20-30 μA of 12.8 MeV protons produced 165Er at 25 ± 5 MBq·μA-1·h-1. The 4.5 ± 0.5 h radiochemical isolation yielded GBq scale of 165Er in 0.05 M HCl (2 mL) with a radiochemical yield of 78.0 ± 5.6% decay corrected to the end of bombardment (EoB) and a Ho/165Er separation factor of (1.14 ± 0.25) × 106. The product showed high radio nuclidic purity and chemical purity. Concentration-dependent radiolabeling experiments with Crown and DOTA were performed resulting in the successful labeling of 165Er with high (>90%) radiochemical yield. Radiolabeling experiments with Crown-TATE were performed 8 h after EoB and synthesized [165Er]Er-Crown-TATE at molar activities of 202.4 MBq·nmol-1 at the end of synthesis (EoS). Conclusions: A 3 h cyclotron irradiation and 4.5 h radiochemical separation produced GBq-scale 165Er suitable for producing radiopharmaceuticals at molar activities satisfactory for investigations of targeted radionuclide therapeutic effects of Auger electron emissions. This will enable future fundamental radiation biology experiments of pure Auger electron-emitting therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, such as [165Er]Er-Crown-TATE, which will be used to understand the impact of Auger electrons in TRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrad Saeedi Saghez
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Lin W, Fonseca Cabrera GO, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Barnhart TE, Mixdorf JC, Li Z, Wu Z, Engle JW. Radiolabeling Diaminosarcophagine with Cyclotron-Produced Cobalt-55 and [ 55Co]Co-NT-Sarcage as a Proof of Concept in a Murine Xenograft Model. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:412-418. [PMID: 38411531 PMCID: PMC10954389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cobalt-sarcophagine complexes exhibit high kinetic inertness under various stringent conditions, but there is limited literature on radiolabeling and in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using no carrier added 55Co. To fill this gap, this study first investigates the radiolabeling of DiAmSar (DSar) with 55Co, followed by stability evaluation in human serum and EDTA, pharmacokinetics in mice, and a direct comparison with [55Co]CoCl2 to assess differences in pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, the radiolabeling process was successfully used to generate the NTSR1-targeted PET agent [55Co]Co-NT-Sarcage (a DSar-functionalized SR142948 derivative) and administered to HT29 tumor xenografted mice. The [55Co]Co-DSar complex can be formed at 37 °C with purity and stability suitable for preclinical in vivo radiopharmaceutical applications, and [55Co]Co-NT-Sarcage demonstrated prominent tumor uptake with a low background signal. In a direct comparison with [64Cu]Cu-NT-Sarcage, [55Co]Co-NT-Sarcage achieved a higher tumor-to-liver ratio but with overall similar biodistribution profile. These results demonstrate that Sar would be a promising chelator for constructing Co-based radiopharmaceuticals including 55Co for PET and 58mCo for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Lin
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - German Oscar Fonseca Cabrera
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Todd E. Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Jason C. Mixdorf
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53792, United States
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Randhawa P, Carbo-Bague I, Davey PRWJ, Chen S, Merkens H, Uribe CF, Zhang C, Tosato M, Bénard F, Radchenko V, Ramogida CF. Exploration of commercial cyclen-based chelators for mercury-197 m/g incorporation into theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. Front Chem 2024; 12:1292566. [PMID: 38389726 PMCID: PMC10881723 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1292566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation of the Hg2+ coordination chemistry and 197m/gHg radiolabeling capabilities of cyclen-based commercial chelators, namely, DOTA and DOTAM (aka TCMC), along with their bifunctional counterparts, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA and p-SCN-Bn-TCMC, was conducted to assess the suitability of these frameworks as bifunctional chelators for the 197m/gHg2+ theranostic pair. Radiolabeling studies revealed that TCMC and DOTA exhibited low radiochemical yields (0%-6%), even when subjected to harsh conditions (80°C) and high ligand concentrations (10-4 M). In contrast, p-SCN-Bn-TCMC and p-SCN-Bn-DOTA demonstrated significantly higher 197m/gHg radiochemical yields (100% ± 0.0% and 70.9% ± 1.1%, respectively) under the same conditions. The [197 m/gHg]Hg-p-SCN-Bn-TCMC complex was kinetically inert when challenged against human serum and glutathione. To understand the differences in labeling between the commercial chelators and their bifunctional counterparts, non-radioactive natHg2+ complexes were assessed using NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The NMR spectra of Hg-TCMC and Hg-p-SCN-Bn-TCMC suggested binding of the Hg2+ ion through the cyclen backbone framework. DFT studies indicated that binding of the Hg2+ ion within the backbone forms a thermodynamically stable product. However, competition can form between isothiocyanate binding and binding through the macrocycle, which was experimentally observed. The isothiocyanate bound coordination product was dominant at the radiochemical scale as, in comparison, the macrocycle bound product was seen at the NMR scale, agreeing with the DFT result. Furthermore, a bioconjugate of TCMC (TCMC-PSMA) targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen was synthesized and radiolabeled, resulting in an apparent molar activity of 0.089 MBq/nmol. However, the complex demonstrated significant degradation over 24 h when exposed to human serum and glutathione. Subsequently, cell binding assays were conducted, revealing a Ki value ranging from 19.0 to 19.6 nM. This research provides crucial insight into the effectiveness of current commercial chelators in the context of 197m/gHg2+ radiolabeling. It underscores the necessity for the development of specific and customized chelators to these unique "soft" radiometals to advance 197m/gHg2+ radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmissa Randhawa
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Imma Carbo-Bague
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patrick R W J Davey
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shaohuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carlos F Uribe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marianna Tosato
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kurakina ES, Wharton L, Khushvaktov J, Magomedbekov EP, Radchenko V, Filosofov D. Separation of 44mSc/ 44gSc Nuclear Isomers Based on After-Effects. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20646-20654. [PMID: 37625137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
44gSc presents a particular interest for application in nuclear medicine for positron emission tomography (PET) due to its favorable nuclear decay properties (t1/2 = 3.97 h, Emax = 1.47 MeV, branching ratio 94.3% β+). Its nuclear isomer 44mSc (t1/2 = 58.61 h) decays by isomeric transition (IT) into 44gSc, accompanied by ≈12% of conversion electron emission, which can cause a partial release of the daughter 44gSc from the chelate complex. A 13 MeV cyclotron at TRIUMF was used to produce both 44mSc and 44gSc via the natCa(p,n)44m,gSc reaction. A 44mSc/44gSc generator was designed by using a Strata C-18E cartridge. After several tested systems, a successful separation method was developed using DOTATOC as a chelator, a Strata C-18E cartridge as a generator column, and an elution solution of 0.1 M NH4-α-HIB. The yield of the generator with the daughter 44gSc release was equal to 9.8 ± 1.0% (or ≈80% per portion of conversion). This result shows the important role of after-effects in the design of radionuclide generators. Nuclear cross-section calculations were applied using the TALYS code to allow for the determination of the most promising alternative routes for 44mSc production, which will enable the development of a full-scale 44mSc/44gSc radionuclide generator based on after-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sergeevna Kurakina
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
- Department of High-Energy Chemistry and Radioecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Luke Wharton
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jurabek Khushvaktov
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
| | - Eldar Parpachevich Magomedbekov
- Department of High-Energy Chemistry and Radioecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Dmitry Filosofov
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
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Moiseeva AN, Makoveeva KA, Furkina EB, Artyushova EV, German MN, Khomenko IA, Konevega AL, Kormazeva ES, Novikov VI, Aksenov NV, Gustova NS, Aliev RA. Co-production of 155Tb and 152Tb irradiating 155Gd / 151Eu tandem target with a medium energy α-particle beam. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 126-127:108389. [PMID: 37783103 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Four terbium isotopes 149,152,155,161Tb emitting various types of radiation can be used for both diagnostics and therapy. 152Tb emits positrons and is ideal for PET. 155Tb is considered a promising Auger emitter and a diagnostic pair for other terbium therapeutic isotopes. Several methods for the production of 155Tb using charged particle accelerators have been proposed, but they all have significant limitations. The restricted availability of this isotope hinders its medical applications. We have proposed a new method for production of 155Tb, irradiating enriched 155Gd by alpha particles. The possibility of simultaneous production of two isotopes of terbium, 152,155Tb, was also studied for more efficient cyclotron beam use. METHODS Irradiation of 155Gd enriched targets and 155Gd / 151Eu tandem target with alpha-particles with an energy of 54 MeV was carried out at the U-150 cyclotron at the NRC "Kurchatov Institute". The cross sections of nuclear reactions on enr-155Gd were measured by the stack foil technique, detecting the gamma-radiation of the activation products. The separation of rare earth elements was performed by extraction chromatography with the LN Resin. 155Tb was produced via 155Dy decay. RESULTS The cross sections for the 155,156Tb and 155,157Dy production were measured by the irradiation of a gadolinium target enriched with the 155Gd isotope with alpha-particles in an energy range of 54 → 33 MeV. The yield of 155Dy on a thick target at 54 MeV was 130 MBq/μAh, which makes it possible to obtain 1 GBq of 155Tb in 11 hour-irradiation with 20 μA beam current. The possibility of simultaneous production of 152,155Tb by irradiation of 155Gd and 151Eu tandem target with medium-energy alpha-particles is implemented. Optimal irradiation energy ranges of alpha -particles as 54 → 42 MeV for 155Tb and 42 → 34 MeV for 152Tb were suggested. Product activity and radionuclidic purity were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Moiseeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia.
| | - K A Makoveeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - E B Furkina
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | | | - M N German
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - I A Khomenko
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - A L Konevega
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - E S Kormazeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - V I Novikov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - N V Aksenov
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia
| | - N S Gustova
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia
| | - R A Aliev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
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Renaldin E, Dellepiane G, Braccini S, Sommerhalder A, Zhang H, van der Meulen NP, Eichler R, Talip Z. Study of thulium-167 cyclotron production: a potential medically-relevant radionuclide. Front Chem 2023; 11:1288588. [PMID: 37927558 PMCID: PMC10620610 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1288588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Targeted Radionuclide Therapy is used for the treatment of tumors in nuclear medicine, while sparing healthy tissues. Its application to cancer treatment is expanding. In particular, Auger-electron emitters potentially exhibit high efficacy in treating either small metastases or single tumor cells due to their short range in tissue. The aim of this paper is to study the feasibility of a large-scale production of thulium-167, an Auger-electron emitter radionuclide, in view of eventual systematic preclinical studies. Methods: Proton-irradiated enriched erbium-167 and erbium-168 oxides were used to measure the production cross sections of thulium-165, thulium-166, thulium-167, and thulium-168 utilizing an 18-MeV medical cyclotron equipped with a Beam Transport Line (BTL) at the Bern medical cyclotron laboratory. The comparison between the experimental and the TENDL 2021 theoretical cross-section results were in good agreement. Additional experiments were performed to assess the production yields of thulium radioisotopes in the BTL. Thulium-167 production yield was also measured irradiating five different target materials (167 Er 2 O 3, 168 Er 2 O 3, nat Tm 2 O 3, nat Yb 2 O 3, 171 Yb 2 O 3) with proton beams up to 63 MeV at the Injector II cyclotron of Paul Scherrer Institute. Results and Discussion: Our experiments showed that an 8-h irradiation of enriched ytterbium-171 oxide produced about 420 MBq of thulium-167 with a radionuclidic purity of 99.95% after 5 days of cooling time with a proton beam of about 53 MeV. Larger activities of thulium-167 can be achieved using enriched erbium-168 oxide with a 23-MeV proton beam, obtaining about 1 GBq after 8-h irradiation with a radionuclidic purity of < 99.5% 5 days post end of bombardment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Renaldin
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences (CRS), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical sciences (DCBP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gaia Dellepiane
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory of High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Saverio Braccini
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory of High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Sommerhalder
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences (CRS), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Hui Zhang
- Beam Physics, Proton Facilities, Accelerator Operation and Development, Large Research Facilities, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P. van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences (CRS), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry (LRC), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Robert Eichler
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical sciences (DCBP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry (LRC), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences (CRS), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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9
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Lin W, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Barrett KE, Barnhart TE, Mixdorf JC, DeLuca MC, Engle JW. Separation of cyclotron-produced cobalt-55/58m from iron targets using cation exchange chromatography with non-aqueous solvents and extraction chromatography. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110980. [PMID: 37591186 PMCID: PMC10529958 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt-55 and -58m form a theranostic pair that has relevant properties for cancer research. We report a cation exchange chromatography/extraction chromatography method that separates cyclotron-produced 55/58mCo from 54/57Fe in <1.5 h, recovers >85% Co and achieves [55Co]Co-NOTA and -DOTA AMA 89 ± 48 and 35 ± 7 MBq/nmol (EOB), respectively. Cobalt-55 and -58m were quantitatively labeled to functionalized NOTA at 106 and 50 MBq/nmol (EOB), respectively, corroborating measured AMA. This method is faster than previously published methods and achieves better [55/58mCo]Co-NOTA and -DOTA AMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Lin
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, United States.
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Kendall E Barrett
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Jason C Mixdorf
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Molly C DeLuca
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53792, United States
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10
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Bolcaen J, Gizawy MA, Terry SYA, Paulo A, Cornelissen B, Korde A, Engle J, Radchenko V, Howell RW. Marshalling the Potential of Auger Electron Radiopharmaceutical Therapy. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1344-1351. [PMID: 37591544 PMCID: PMC10478825 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.265039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Auger electron (AE) radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) may have the same therapeutic efficacy as α-particles for oncologic small disease, with lower risks of normal-tissue toxicity. The seeds of using AE emitters for RPT were planted several decades ago. Much knowledge has been gathered about the potency of the biologic effects caused by the intense shower of these low-energy AEs. Given their short range, AEs deposit much of their energy in the immediate vicinity of their site of decay. However, the promise of AE RPT has not yet been realized, with few agents evaluated in clinical trials and none becoming part of routine treatment so far. Instigated by the 2022 "Technical Meeting on Auger Electron Emitters for Radiopharmaceutical Developments" at the International Atomic Energy Agency, this review presents the current status of AE RPT based on the discussions by experts in the field. A scoring system was applied to illustrate hurdles in the development of AE RPT, and we present a selected list of well-studied and emerging AE-emitting radionuclides. Based on the number of AEs and other emissions, physical half-life, radionuclide production, radiochemical approaches, dosimetry, and vector availability, recommendations are put forward to enhance and impact future efforts in AE RPT research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolcaen
- SSC Laboratory, Radiation Biophysics, NRF iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohamed A Gizawy
- Egyptian Second Research Reactor Complex, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samantha Y A Terry
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Bobadela, Portugal
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aruna Korde
- Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Application, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan Engle
- University of Wisconsin Cyclotron Research Group, Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Valery Radchenko
- TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
- University of British Columbia, Chemistry Department, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Roger W Howell
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology and Center for Cell Signaling, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
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11
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Kostelnik TI, Olson AP, Grundmane A, Ellison PA, Mynerich J, Chen S, Marinova A, Randhawa P, Karaivanov D, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Barnhart TE, Orvig C, Ramogida CF, Hoehr C, Filosofov D, Engle JW, Radchenko V. Production and radiochemistry of antimony-120m: Efforts toward Auger electron therapy with 119Sb. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 122-123:108352. [PMID: 37390607 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeted Meitner-Auger Therapy (TMAT) has potential for personalized treatment thanks to its subcellular dosimetric selectivity, which is distinct from the dosimetry of β- and α particle emission based Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT). To date, most clinical and preclinical TMAT studies have used commercially available radionuclides. These studies showed promising results despite using radionuclides with theoretically suboptimal photon to electron ratios, decay kinetics, and electron emission spectra. Studies using radionuclides whose decay characteristics are considered more optimal are therefore important for evaluation of the full potential of Meitner-Auger therapy; 119Sb is among the best such candidates. In the present work, we develop radiochemical purification of 120Sb from irradiated natural tin targets for TMAT studies with 119Sb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Kostelnik
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Aeli P Olson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Aivija Grundmane
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Paul A Ellison
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Jenasee Mynerich
- Faculty of Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Shaohuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Atanaska Marinova
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
| | - Parmissa Randhawa
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Dimitar Karaivanov
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | | | - Cornelia Hoehr
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada; Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics, and Statistics, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Dmitry Filosofov
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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12
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Fedotova АО, Aliev RA, Egorova BV, Kormazeva ЕS, Konevega АL, Belyshev SS, Khankin VV, Kuznetsov АА, Kalmykov SN. Photonuclear production of medical radioisotopes 161Tb and 155Tb. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 198:110840. [PMID: 37156063 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The production possibility of 161Tb and 155Tb by irradiating of natural dysprosium with gamma rays obtained by decelerating an electron beam with an energy of 55 MeV has been demonstrated experimentally. The yield of 161Tb was 14.4 × 103 Bq × μA-1 × h-1 × cm2 × gDy2O3-1. Simultaneously, upon irradiation, 155Dy is formed with the yield of 25 × 103 Bq × μA-1 × h-1 × cm2 × gDy2O3-1, which leads to the formation of 1.6 × 103 Bq × μA-1 × h-1 × cm2 × gDy2O3-1 of 155Tb. It has been shown that the isolation of terbium radioisotopes from tens of mg of dysprosium target can be achieved by extraction chromatography, and final separation yield was 39%. The impurity of 160Tb is 7.3% of the 161Tb activity at EOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- А О Fedotova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - R A Aliev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia; National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Akademika Kurchatova Pl., 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - B V Egorova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia; National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Akademika Kurchatova Pl., 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Е S Kormazeva
- National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Akademika Kurchatova Pl., 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - А L Konevega
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named By B.P.Konstantinov, NRC «Kurchatov Institute», mkr. Orlova roshcha, 1, Gatchina, Leningradskaya oblast, 188300, Russia
| | - S S Belyshev
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V V Khankin
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - А А Kuznetsov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - S N Kalmykov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia; National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Akademika Kurchatova Pl., 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
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13
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Mues Genannt Koers L, McNeil SW, Radchenko V, Paulssen E, Hoehr C. Production of Co-58m in a siphon-style liquid target on a medical cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 195:110734. [PMID: 36863263 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
We present the production of 58mCo on a small, 13 MeV medical cyclotron utilizing a siphon style liquid target system. Different concentrated iron(III)-nitrate solutions of natural isotopic distribution were irradiated at varying initial pressures and subsequently separated by solid phase extraction chromatography. The radio cobalt (58m/gCo and 56Co) was successfully produced with saturation activities of (0.35 ± 0.03) MBq μA-1 for 58mCo with a separation recovery of (75 ± 2) % of cobalt after one separation step utilizing LN-resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mues Genannt Koers
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - S W McNeil
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
| | - V Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - E Paulssen
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, FH Aachen - University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mußmann-Straße 1, Germany; Delft University of Technology, Department Radiation Science and Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629JB Delft, the Netherlands
| | - C Hoehr
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada; Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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14
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Krol V, Koers LMG, McNeil S, Hoehr C, Radchenko V. Cyclotron production of 103Pd using a liquid target. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 118-119:108328. [PMID: 36822066 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this work, we present the first feasibility study on the production of the medically important radionuclide 103Pd via the 103Rh(p,n)103Pd reaction by cyclotron irradiation of a liquid target. Using a liquid target removes the time consuming and complex dissolution process of rhodium post-irradiation due to its chemically inactive nature and thereby will improve the accessibility of this radioisotope. METHODS Liquid targets made from Rh(NO3)3·×H2O salt dissolved in de-ionized water were irradiated using a 12 MeV beam at the TR13 cyclotron at TRIUMF, Vancouver. RESULTS A maximum EOB activity of 1.03 ± 0.05 MBq was achieved with the tested conditions, sufficient for basic radiochemistry studies. An effective separation method using anion exchange chromatography is reported using 1 M HNO3 as an eluent for rhodium (90.1 ± 2.1 % recovery) and a 1:1 mixture of 0.5 M NH3 + NH4Cl palladium eluent (103.8 ± 2.3 % recovery). The solution showed good in-target pressure stability. However, the production efficiency decreased significantly with higher solution concentrations and irradiation lengths which puts into question the scaling potential of this method. CONCLUSION This proof-of-concept study has demonstrated the potential for using liquid targets as complementary production method of 103Pd for research purposes. The liquid target route faces several scaling challenges but can nonetheless improve the availability of 103Pd and consequently aid in widening its utility for radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Krol
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Lucas Mues Gennant Koers
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; FH-Aachen - University of Applied Science, Aachen 52066, Germany
| | - Scott McNeil
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Cornelia Hoehr
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Valery Radchenko
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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15
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Randhawa P, Gower-Fry KL, Stienstra CMK, Tosato M, Chen S, Gao Y, McDonagh AW, Di Marco V, Radchenko V, Schreckenbach G, Ramogida CF. Selective Chelation of the Exotic Meitner-Auger Emitter Mercury-197 m/g with Sulfur-Rich Macrocyclic Ligands: Towards the Future of Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203815. [PMID: 36701527 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mercury-197 m/g are a promising pair of radioactive isomers for incorporation into a theranostic as they can be used as a diagnostic agent using SPECT imaging and a therapeutic via Meitner-Auger electron emissions. However, the current absence of ligands able to stably coordinate 197m/g Hg to a tumour-targeting vector precludes their use in vivo. To address this, we report herein a series of sulfur-rich chelators capable of incorporating 197m/g Hg into a radiopharmaceutical. 1,4,7,10-Tetrathia-13-azacyclopentadecane (NS4 ) and its derivatives, (2-(1,4,7,10-tetrathia-13-azacyclopentadecan-13-yl)acetic acid (NS4 -CA) and N-benzyl-2-(1,4,7,10-tetrathia-13-azacyclopentadecan-13-yl)acetamide (NS4 -BA), were designed, synthesized and analyzed for their ability to coordinate Hg2+ through a combination of theoretical (DFT) and experimental coordination chemistry studies (NMR and mass spectrometry) as well as 197m/g Hg radiolabeling studies and in vitro stability assays. The development of stable ligands for 197m/g Hg reported herein is extremely impactful as it would enable their use for in vivo imaging and therapy, leading to personalized treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmissa Randhawa
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K Lexi Gower-Fry
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cailum M K Stienstra
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marianna Tosato
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Shaohuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 140 Dysart Rd, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Anthony W McDonagh
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 140 Dysart Rd, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Chen S, Bas M, Happel S, Randhawa P, McNeil S, Kurakina E, Zeisler S, Maskell K, Hoehr C, Ramogida CF, Radchenko V. Determination of distribution coefficients of mercury and gold on selected extraction chromatographic resins - towards an improved separation method of mercury-197 from proton-irradiated gold targets. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463717. [PMID: 36565656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radioisotope mercury-197g (197gHg, half-life: 64.14 h) along with its metastable isomer (197mHg, half-life: 23.8 h) are potential candidates for targeted Meitner-Auger electron therapy due to their suitable decay properties. Their production can be achieved via proton irradiation of a natural gold target, but the number of studies surrounding their separation from an irradiated gold target is limited. This study focuses on the determination of distribution coefficients (Kd) of gold (III) and mercury (II) on seven extraction chromatographic resins. Mercury Kd were measured by means of radiotracers and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP_MS); values obtained from the two methods were generally in good agreement. These results can provide insight on Hg and Au chemistry and aid in the design of improved separation system(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohuang Chen
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Marine Bas
- TrisKem International SAS, 3 Rue des Champs Géons ZAC de L'Éperon, Bruz, Brittany 35170, France
| | - Steffen Happel
- TrisKem International SAS, 3 Rue des Champs Géons ZAC de L'Éperon, Bruz, Brittany 35170, France
| | - Parmissa Randhawa
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Scott McNeil
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Elena Kurakina
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Stefan Zeisler
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Keiran Maskell
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Cornelia Hoehr
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada; Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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17
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Obata H, Kurimasa A, Muraoka T, Tsuji AB, Kondo K, Kuwahara Y, Minegishi K, Nagatsu K, Ogawa M, Zhang MR. Dynamic imaging analysis reveals Auger electron-emitting radio-cisplatin induces DNA damage depending on the cell cycle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:286-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Kormazeva ES, Khomenko IA, Unezhev VN, Aliev RA. New data on Ho(α,x) reactions and the aspects of 167Tm and 165Er production for medical use. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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19
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Pineau J, Lima LMP, Platas‐Iglesias C, Zeevaart JR, Driver CHS, Le Bris N, Tripier R. Relevance of Palladium to Radiopharmaceutical Development Considering Enhanced Coordination Properties of TE1PA. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200942. [PMID: 35560962 PMCID: PMC9401000 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The limited use of palladium‐103 and ‐109 radionuclides for molecular radiotherapy is surely due to the lack of appropriate ligands capable of fulfilling all criteria required for application in nuclear medicine. Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties of these complexes in solution remain difficult to establish. The challenge is compounded when considering that radiolabeling of compounds for translation to clinical trials requires fast complexation. Thus, the coordination of Pd(II) and 103/109Pd‐nuclides is a huge challenge in terms of molecular design and physicochemical characterization. Herein, we report a comprehensive study highlighting TE1PA, a monopicolinate cyclam – already established in nuclear imaging with 64Cu‐PET (positron emission tomography) imaging tracers – as a highly relevant chelator for natural Pd and subsequently 109Pd‐nuclide. The structural, thermodynamic, kinetic and radiolabeling studies of Pd(II) with TE1PA, as well as the comparison of this complex with three structurally related derivatives, support palladium‐TE1PA radiopharmaceuticals as leading candidates for targeted nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Pineau
- Univ Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu 29238 Brest France) E-mail: s
| | - Luís M. P. Lima
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de Lisboa Av. da República 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - Carlos Platas‐Iglesias
- Departamento de Química Facultade de Ciencias & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) Universidade da Coruña San Vicente de Elviña 15071 A Coruña Spain
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Radiochemistry and PreClinical Imaging Facility Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba North West 0240 South Africa
| | - Cathryn H. S. Driver
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Radiochemistry and PreClinical Imaging Facility Elias Motsoaledi Street, R104 Pelindaba North West 0240 South Africa
| | - Nathalie Le Bris
- Univ Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu 29238 Brest France) E-mail: s
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Univ Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu 29238 Brest France) E-mail: s
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20
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Bholane G, Ganesapandy T, Phatangare A, Attar F, Dahiwale S, Suryanarayana S, Bhoraskar V, Dhole S. Activation cross section measurements and estimation of photon and neutron induced nuclear reactions for ytterbium isotopes with covariance analysis. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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An alternative radiochemical separation strategy for isolation of Ac and Ra isotopes from high energy proton irradiated thorium targets for further application in Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT). Nucl Med Biol 2022; 112-113:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Kutyreff C, Barnhart T, Lo Y, Happel S, Nickles R, Ellison P, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Engle J. Intermetallic cobalt–gallium targets for production of germanium radioisotopes. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 187:110307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Radiolanthanum: Promising theranostic radionuclides for PET, alpha, and Auger-Meitner therapy. Nucl Med Biol 2022; 110-111:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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24
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Obata H, Tsuji AB, Kumata K, Sudo H, Minegishi K, Nagatsu K, Takakura H, Ogawa M, Kurimasa A, Zhang MR. Development of Novel 191Pt-Labeled Hoechst33258: 191Pt Is More Suitable than 111In for Targeting DNA. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5690-5700. [PMID: 35358392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to establish new labeling methods for no-carrier-added radio-Pt (191Pt) and to evaluate the in vitro properties of 191Pt-labeled agents compared with those of agents labeled with the common emitter 111In. 191Pt was complexed with the DNA-targeting dye Hoechst33258 via diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine (Cys). The intranuclear fractions of 191Pt- and 111In-labeled Hoechst33258 were comparable, indicating that the labeling for 191Pt via DTPA or Cys and the labeling for 111In via DTPA worked equally well. 191Pt showed a DNA-binding/cellular uptake ratio of more than 1 order of magnitude greater than that of 111In. [191Pt]Pt-Hoechst33258 labeled via Cys showed a higher cellular uptake than that labeled via DTPA, resulting in a very high DNA-binding fraction of [191Pt]Pt-Cys-Hoechst33258 and extensive DNA damage. Our labeling methods of radio-Pt, especially via Cys, promote the development of radio-Pt-based agents for use in Auger electron therapy targeting DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoka Obata
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sudo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Minegishi
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hideo Takakura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kurimasa
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 983-8536, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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New method for production of 155Tb via 155Dy by irradiation of natGd by medium energy alpha particles. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 106-107:52-61. [PMID: 35032789 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 155Tb (T1/2 = 5.32 d) is considered both as a promising Auger electron emitter and as a diagnostic pair for other therapeutic terbium radionuclides. Despite several methods for its production proposed, it remains scarcely available. Most of the methods using low-energy protons and deuterons beams result in a high content of radionuclidic impurities. High purity 155Tb can be obtained using high-energy proton beams combined with online mass separation of products, but the method remains inaccessible to most potential consumers. We have proposed an indirect method for the production of 155Tb via formation of 155Dy (T1/2 = 9.9 h), which can be implemented using medium energy alpha particles beam. METHODS Gadolinium oxide targets of natural isotopic composition were irradiated by 60 MeV alpha particles beam on a U-150 cyclotron of the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute". The cross sections of nuclear reactions were measured by the stack foil technique, detecting the gamma radiation of the activation products. Gd, Tb, and Dy were separated by extraction chromatography using the LN Resin sorbent in nitric media. The isolated dysprosium fraction was stored for a day, and the formed 155Tb was isolated by the same method. RESULTS The cross sections for the formation of 159Gd, 153-156Tb, and 155,157Dy under irradiation by alpha particles of a gadolinium target of natural isotopic composition in the energy range 20-60 MeV have been measured. The 155Dy yield on a thick target at 60 MeV was 35 MBq/μAh, which makes it possible to obtain 1 GBq 155Tb as a result of 12-hour irradiation with a beam current of 50 μA. Extraction chromatography on LN Resin sorbent in nitric enabled quick and efficient separation of Gd, Tb, and Dy. The radiochemical yield of Dy was 95%, for Tb > 95%. The main radionuclidic impurity is 153Tb (T1/2 = 2.34 d; <5.4% of 155Tb activity). CONCLUSIONS The developed method allows the production of therapeutic amounts of 155Tb with acceptable radionuclidic purity without the need for isotopically enriched materials. The amount of 155Tb is sufficient for its use in Auger therapy, as well as for preclinical studies of the suitability of SPECT preparations in laboratory animals. Nevertheless, to obtain higher activities, a longer irradiation time and a higher projectile current are proposed. The 153Tb radionuclide present in the final preparation has a shorter half-life than the target radionuclide, and its hard γ-lines have a probability of emission of less than 1%, from which it can be concluded that the negative effect will not be significant. However, a product of this purity and type of contamination requires additional testing for toxicity in living organisms. The final sample also includes a certain amount of 157Tb (T1/2 = 71 a, the only γ-line 54.5 keV Iγ = 0.0084%), which will complicate the labeling conditions. Thus, more research is needed in the labeling area. It should be noted that the use of gadolinium enriched in the 155Gd or 156Gd nuclide as a target will help not only reduce the amount of impurities but also increase the yield of 155Tb.
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Costa IM, Siksek N, Volpe A, Man F, Osytek KM, Verger E, Schettino G, Fruhwirth GO, Terry SYA. Relationship of In Vitro Toxicity of Technetium-99m to Subcellular Localisation and Absorbed Dose. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13466. [PMID: 34948266 PMCID: PMC8703725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Auger electron-emitters increasingly attract attention as potential radionuclides for molecular radionuclide therapy in oncology. The radionuclide technetium-99m is widely used for imaging; however, its potential as a therapeutic radionuclide has not yet been fully assessed. We used MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells engineered to express the human sodium iodide symporter-green fluorescent protein fusion reporter (hNIS-GFP; MDA-MB-231.hNIS-GFP) as a model for controlled cellular radionuclide uptake. Uptake, efflux, and subcellular location of the NIS radiotracer [99mTc]TcO4- were characterised to calculate the nuclear-absorbed dose using Medical Internal Radiation Dose formalism. Radiotoxicity was determined using clonogenic and γ-H2AX assays. The daughter radionuclide technetium-99 or external beam irradiation therapy (EBRT) served as controls. [99mTc]TcO4- in vivo biodistribution in MDA-MB-231.hNIS-GFP tumour-bearing mice was determined by imaging and complemented by ex vivo tissue radioactivity analysis. [99mTc]TcO4- resulted in substantial DNA damage and reduction in the survival fraction (SF) following 24 h incubation in hNIS-expressing cells only. We found that 24,430 decays/cell (30 mBq/cell) were required to achieve SF0.37 (95%-confidence interval = [SF0.31; SF0.43]). Different approaches for determining the subcellular localisation of [99mTc]TcO4- led to SF0.37 nuclear-absorbed doses ranging from 0.33 to 11.7 Gy. In comparison, EBRT of MDA-MB-231.hNIS-GFP cells resulted in an SF0.37 of 2.59 Gy. In vivo retention of [99mTc]TcO4- after 24 h remained high at 28.0% ± 4.5% of the administered activity/gram tissue in MDA-MB-231.hNIS-GFP tumours. [99mTc]TcO4- caused DNA damage and reduced clonogenicity in this model, but only when the radioisotope was taken up into the cells. This data guides the safe use of technetium-99m during imaging and potential future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines M. Costa
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; (I.M.C.); (N.S.); (F.M.); (K.M.O.); (E.V.)
| | - Noor Siksek
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; (I.M.C.); (N.S.); (F.M.); (K.M.O.); (E.V.)
| | - Alessia Volpe
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Francis Man
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; (I.M.C.); (N.S.); (F.M.); (K.M.O.); (E.V.)
| | - Katarzyna M. Osytek
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; (I.M.C.); (N.S.); (F.M.); (K.M.O.); (E.V.)
| | - Elise Verger
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; (I.M.C.); (N.S.); (F.M.); (K.M.O.); (E.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Schettino
- National Physical Laboratory, Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK;
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Gilbert O. Fruhwirth
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Imaging Therapies and Cancer Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK;
| | - Samantha Y. A. Terry
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; (I.M.C.); (N.S.); (F.M.); (K.M.O.); (E.V.)
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Kurakina ES, Wharton L, Hoehr C, Orvig C, Magomedbekov EP, Filosofov D, Radchenko V. Improved separation scheme for 44Sc produced by irradiation of natCa targets with 12.8 MeV protons. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 104-105:22-27. [PMID: 34847480 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 44Sc is of great interest as a positron emission tomography (PET) radionuclide due to its suitable nuclear characteristics: Eβ+max = 1.47 MeV, branching ratio 94.3% and convenient half-life of 3.97 h. Here, 44Sc was produced via the widely used reaction 44Ca (p,n)44Sc using natural calcium as a target. METHODS The irradiation was performed at TRIUMF using the 13 MeV cyclotron. The separation consisted of a combination of DGA branched resin and Dowex 50Wx8 (200-400 mesh). The distribution coefficients of Sc3+ on Dowex 50Wx8 (NH4+ form, 200-400 mesh) with ammonium α-hydroxyisobutyrate (pH = 4.8) medium were determined in this study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The tested scheme allows both a reliable separation of 44Sc from the target material as well as from the other competitive metals and a final fraction with high specific activity. The achieved radiochemical yield was 95 ± 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Kurakina
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation; Department of High-Energy Chemistry and Radioecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation; Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - L Wharton
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - C Hoehr
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada; Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics, and Statistics, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - C Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - E P Magomedbekov
- Department of High-Energy Chemistry and Radioecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - D Filosofov
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
| | - V Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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Olson AP, Ma L, Feng Y, Najafi Khosroshahi F, Kelley SP, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Barnhart TE, Hennkens HM, Ellison PA, Jurisson SS, Engle JW. A Third Generation Potentially Bifunctional Trithiol Chelate, Its nat,1XXSb(III) Complex, and Selective Chelation of Radioantimony ( 119Sb) from Its Sn Target. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15223-15232. [PMID: 34606252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the Meitner-Auger- and conversion-electron emitting radionuclide 119Sb remains unexplored because of the difficulty of incorporating it into biologically targeted compounds. To address this challenge, we report the development of 119Sb production from electroplated tin cyclotron targets and its complexation by a novel trithiol chelate. The chelation reaction occurs in harsh solvent conditions even in the presence of large quantities of tin, which are necessary for production on small, low energy (16 MeV) cyclotrons. The 119Sb-trithiol complex has high stability and can be purified by HPLC. The third generation trithiol chelate and the analogous stable natSb-trithiol compound were synthesized and characterized, including by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeli P Olson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Yutian Feng
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | | | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Heather M Hennkens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.,University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR), Columbia, Missouri 65203, United States
| | - Paul A Ellison
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Silvia S Jurisson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Novel Bifunctional [16]aneS 4-Derived Chelators for Soft Radiometals. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154603. [PMID: 34361752 PMCID: PMC8348053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of targeted radionuclide therapy is rapidly growing, highlighting the need for wider radionuclide availability. Soft Lewis acid ions, such as radioisotopes of platinum, rhodium and palladium, are particularly underdeveloped. This is due in part to a lack of compatible bifunctional chelators. These allow for the practical bioconjugation to targeting vectors, in turn enabling radiolabeling. The [16]andS4 macrocycle has been reported to chelate a number of relevant soft metal ions. In this work, we present a procedure for synthesizing [16]andS4 in 45% yield (five steps, 12% overall yield), together with a selection of strategies for preparing bifunctional derivatives. An ester-linked N-hydroxysuccimide ester (NHS, seven steps, 4% overall yield), an ether-linked isothiocyanate (NCS, eight steps, 5% overall yield) and an azide derivative were prepared. In addition, a new route to a carbon-carbon linked carboxylic acid functionalized derivative is presented. Finally, a general method for conjugating the NHS and NCS derivatives to a polar peptide (octreotide) is presented, by dissolution in water:acetonitrile (1:1), buffered to pH 9.4 using borate. The reported compounds will be readily applicable in radiopharmaceutical chemistry, by facilitating the labeling of a range of molecules, including peptides, with relevant soft radiometal ions.
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Separation of 167Tm, 165Er and 169Yb from erbium targets irradiated by 60 MeV alpha particles. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Idrissou MB, Pichard A, Tee B, Kibedi T, Poty S, Pouget JP. Targeted Radionuclide Therapy Using Auger Electron Emitters: The Quest for the Right Vector and the Right Radionuclide. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070980. [PMID: 34209637 PMCID: PMC8309076 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Auger electron emitters (AEEs) are attractive tools in targeted radionuclide therapy to specifically irradiate tumour cells while sparing healthy tissues. However, because of their short range, AEEs need to be brought close to sensitive targets, particularly nuclear DNA, and to a lower extent, cell membrane. Therefore, radioimmunoconjugates (RIC) have been developed for specific tumour cell targeting and transportation to the nucleus. Herein, we assessed, in A-431CEA-luc and SK-OV-31B9 cancer cells that express low and high levels of HER2 receptors, two 111In-RIC consisting of the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab conjugated to NLS or TAT peptides for nuclear delivery. We found that NLS and TAT peptides improved the nuclear uptake of 111In-trastuzumab conjugates, but this effect was limited and non-specific. Moreover, it did not result in a drastic decrease of clonogenic survival. Indium-111 also contributed to non-specific cytotoxicity in vitro due to conversion electrons (30% of the cell killing). Comparison with [125I]I-UdR showed that the energy released in the cell nucleus by increasing the RIC’s nuclear uptake or by choosing an AEE that releases more energy per decay should be 5 to 10 times higher to observe a significant therapeutic effect. Therefore, new Auger-based radiopharmaceuticals need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malick Bio Idrissou
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.B.I.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Alexandre Pichard
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.B.I.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Bryan Tee
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (B.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Tibor Kibedi
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (B.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Sophie Poty
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.B.I.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Pouget
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.B.I.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Synthesis of no-carrier-added [ 188, 189, 191Pt]cisplatin from a cyclotron produced 188, 189, 191PtCl 42- complex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8140. [PMID: 33854142 PMCID: PMC8046966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel method for production of no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) [188, 189, 191Pt]PtIICl42- from an Ir target material, and then synthesized n.c.a. [*Pt]cis-[PtIICl2(NH3)2] ([*Pt]cisplatin) from [*Pt]PtIICl42-. [*Pt]PtIICl42- was prepared as a synthetic precursor of n.c.a. *Pt complex by a combination of resin extraction and anion-exchange chromatography after the selective reduction of IrIVCl62- with ascorbic acid. The ligand-substitution reaction of Cl with NH3 was promoted by treating n.c.a. [*Pt]PtIICl42- with excess NH3 and heating the reaction mixture, and n.c.a. [*Pt]cisplatin was successfully produced without employing precipitation routes. After this treatment, [*Pt]cisplatin was isolated through preparative HPLC with a radiochemical purity of 99 + % at the end of synthesis (EOS).
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Auger: The future of precision medicine. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 96-97:50-53. [PMID: 33831745 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
First reported by Lise Meitner in 1922 and independently by Pierre Auger in 1923, the Auger effect has been explored as a potential source for targeted radiotherapy. The Auger effect is based on the emission of a low energy electron (typically <25 keV) from an atom post electron capture (EC), internal conversion (IC), or incident X-rays excitation. This phenomenon can cause the emission of a primary electron and multiple electron tracks typically in the nearest proximity of the emission site (2-500 nm). The short range of the emitted Auger cascade results in medium/high levels of linear energy transfer (4-26 keV/μm) exerted on the surrounding tissue. This property makes Auger emitters the ideal candidates for delivering high levels of targeted radiation to a specific target with dimensions comparable to, for example, the DNA. By using a targeting vector such as a small molecule, peptide or antibody, one has the potential of delivering high levels of radiation to tumor specific biomarkers while circumventing off-site toxicity in healthy cells; a challenge which is harder to overcome when using other, longer range sources of radiation such as beta and alpha emitting radionuclides. Several reviews on Auger emitters have been published over the years with two recent examples. For these reviews and others, we support their analysis and therefore to avoid simple repetition, this commentary will seek to address additional aspects and viewpoints. Specifically, we will focus on those most promising preclinical and clinical studies using small molecules, peptides, antibodies and how these studies may serve as a template for future studies.
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