1
|
Miederer M, Benešová-Schäfer M, Mamat C, Kästner D, Pretze M, Michler E, Brogsitter C, Kotzerke J, Kopka K, Scheinberg DA, McDevitt MR. Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:76. [PMID: 38256909 PMCID: PMC10821197 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of radionuclides for targeted endoradiotherapy is a rapidly growing field in oncology. In particular, the focus on the biological effects of different radiation qualities is an important factor in understanding and implementing new therapies. Together with the combined approach of imaging and therapy, therapeutic nuclear medicine has recently made great progress. A particular area of research is the use of alpha-emitting radionuclides, which have unique physical properties associated with outstanding advantages, e.g., for single tumor cell targeting. Here, recent results and open questions regarding the production of alpha-emitting isotopes as well as their chemical combination with carrier molecules and clinical experience from compassionate use reports and clinical trials are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Miederer
- Department of Translational Imaging in Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Benešová-Schäfer
- Research Group Molecular Biology of Systemic Radiotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstr, 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Kästner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Marc Pretze
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Enrico Michler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudia Brogsitter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstr, 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Michael R. McDevitt
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brühlmann SA, Walther M, Kopka K, Kreller M. Production of the PET radionuclide 61Cu via the 62Ni(p,2n) 61Cu nuclear reaction. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:3. [PMID: 38180574 PMCID: PMC10770005 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are only a handful of true theranostic matched pairs, and in particular the theranostic radiocopper trio 61Cu, 64Cu and 67Cu, for diagnosis and therapy respectively, is a very attractive candidate. In fact, the alternative of two imaging radionuclides with different half-lives is a clear advantage over other theranostic pairs, since it offers a better matching for the tracer biological and radionuclide physical half-lives. Due to the high availability of 64Cu, its translation into the clinic is being successfully carried out, giving the example of the FDA approved radiopharmaceutical Detectnet (copper Cu 64 dotatate injection). However, a shorter-lived PET radionuclide such as 61Cu may as well be beneficial. RESULTS Proton irradiation of enriched 62Ni electrodeposited targets with a compact cyclotron produced the desired radionuclide via the 62Ni(p,2n)61Cu nuclear reaction, leading to 61Cu activities of up to 20 GBq at end of bombardment and 8 GBq at end of purification. Furthermore, two purification methods are compared leading to comparable results regarding separation yield and product purity. Following the radiochemical separation, quality assessment of this product [61Cu]CuCl2 solution proved radionuclidic purities (RNP) over 99.6% and apparent molar activities (AMA) of 260 GBq/µmol with the 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetraacetic acid (TETA) chelator, end of purification corrected. CONCLUSIONS In the current article a comprehensive novel production method for the PET radionuclide 61Cu is presented, providing an alternative to the most popular production routes. Characterization of the [61Cu]CuCl2 product showed both high RNP as well as high AMA, proving that the produced activity presented high quality regarding radiolabeling up to 9 h after end of purification. Furthermore, production scalability could be easily achieved by increasing the irradiation time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Andrés Brühlmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Walther
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kreller
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Blei M, Waurick L, Reissig F, Kopka K, Stumpf T, Drobot B, Kretzschmar J, Mamat C. Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Macropa Complexes with Selected Metal Isotopes of Radiopharmaceutical Interest. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20699-20709. [PMID: 37702665 PMCID: PMC10731647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
To pursue the design of in vivo stable chelating systems for radiometals, a concise and straightforward method toolbox was developed combining NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and europium time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (Eu-TRLFS). For this purpose, the macropa chelator was chosen, and Lu3+, La3+, Pb2+, Ra2+, and Ba2+ were chosen as radiopharmaceutically relevant metal ions. They differ in charge (2+ and 3+) and coordination properties (main group vs lanthanides). 1H NMR was used to determine four pKa values (±0.15; carboxylate functions, 2.40 and 3.13; amino functions, 6.80 and 7.73). Eu-TRLFS was used to validate the exclusive existence of the 1:1 Mn+/ligand complex in the chosen pH range at tracer level concentrations. ITC measurements were accomplished to determine the resulting stability constants of the desired complexes, with log K values ranging from 18.5 for the Pb-mcp complex to 7.3 for the Lu-mcp complex. Density-functional-theory-calculated structures nicely mirror the complexes' order of stabilities by bonding features. Radiolabeling with macropa using ligand concentrations from 10-3 to 10-6 M was accomplished by pointing out the complex formation and stability (212Pb > 133La > 131Ba ≈ 224Ra > 177Lu) by means of normal-phase thin-layer chromatography analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena
K. Blei
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- TU
Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Waurick
- TU
Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Falco Reissig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- TU
Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
- National
Center for Tumor Diseases, University Cancer Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
- German
Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stumpf
- TU
Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Drobot
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jerome Kretzschmar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- TU
Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nelson BJB, Wilson J, Andersson JD, Wuest F. Theranostic Imaging Surrogates for Targeted Alpha Therapy: Progress in Production, Purification, and Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1622. [PMID: 38004486 PMCID: PMC10674391 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This article highlights recent developments of SPECT and PET diagnostic imaging surrogates for targeted alpha particle therapy (TAT) radiopharmaceuticals. It outlines the rationale for using imaging surrogates to improve diagnostic-scan accuracy and facilitate research, and the properties an imaging-surrogate candidate should possess. It evaluates the strengths and limitations of each potential imaging surrogate. Thirteen surrogates for TAT are explored: 133La, 132La, 134Ce/134La, and 226Ac for 225Ac TAT; 203Pb for 212Pb TAT; 131Ba for 223Ra and 224Ra TAT; 123I, 124I, 131I and 209At for 211At TAT; 134Ce/134La for 227Th TAT; and 155Tb and 152Tb for 149Tb TAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce J. B. Nelson
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (B.J.B.N.); (J.W.); (J.D.A.)
| | - John Wilson
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (B.J.B.N.); (J.W.); (J.D.A.)
| | - Jan D. Andersson
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (B.J.B.N.); (J.W.); (J.D.A.)
- Edmonton Radiopharmaceutical Center, Alberta Health Services, 11560 University Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (B.J.B.N.); (J.W.); (J.D.A.)
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chakravarty R, Banerjee D, Chakraborty S. Alpha-induced production and robust radiochemical separation of 43Sc as an emerging radiometal for formulation of PET radiopharmaceuticals. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 199:110921. [PMID: 37413711 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Scandium-43 is an emerging PET radiometal that was produced by α-particle bombardment on natural CaCO3 target via natCa (α,p) 43Sc and natCa (α,n) 43Ti→43Sc reactions using K-130 cyclotron at VECC. A robust radiochemical procedure based on selective precipitation of 43Sc as Sc(OH)3 was developed for separation of the radioisotope from the irradiated target. The overall yield of the separation process was >85% and it was obtained in a form suitable for preparation of target specific radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Debashis Banerjee
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India; Radiochemistry Division (BARC), Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nelson BJB, Wilson J, Schultz MK, Andersson JD, Wuest F. High-yield cyclotron production of 203Pb using a sealed 205Tl solid target. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 116-117:108314. [PMID: 36708660 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 203Pb (t1/2 = 51.9 h, 279 keV (81 %)) is a diagnostic SPECT imaging radionuclide ideally suited for theranostic applications in combination with 212Pb for targeted alpha particle therapy. Our objectives were to develop a high-yield solid target 203Pb cyclotron production route using isotopically enriched 205Tl target material and the 205Tl(p,3n)203Pb reaction as an alternative to lower energy production via the 203Tl(p,n)203Pb reaction. METHODS 250 mg 205Tl metal (99.9 % isotopic enrichment) was pressed using a hardened stainless steel die. Aluminum target discs were machined with a central depression and annulus groove. The flattened 205Tl pellet was placed into the central depression of the Al disc and a circle of indium wire was laid in the machined annulus surrounding the pellet. An aluminum foil cover was then pressed onto the target disc to create an airtight bond. Targets were irradiated at 23.3 MeV for up to 516 min on a TR-24 cyclotron at currents up to 60 μA to produce 203Pb via the 205Tl(p,3n)203Pb nuclear reaction. Following a cool-down period of >12 h, the target was removed and 205Tl dissolved in 4 M HNO3. A NEPTIS Mosaic-LC synthesis unit performed automated separation using Eichrom Pb resin, and 203Pb was eluted using 8 M HCl or 1 M NH4OAc. 205Tl was diverted to a vial for recovery in an electrolytic cell. 203Pb product radionuclidic purity was assessed by HPGe gamma spectroscopy, while elemental purity was assessed by ICP-OES. Radiolabeling and stability studies were performed with PSC, TCMC, and DOTA chelators, and 203Pb incorporation was verified by radio-TLC analysis. RESULTS Cyclotron irradiations performed at 60 μA proton beam current and 23.3 MeV (205Tl incident energy) had a 203Pb saturated yield of 4658 ± 62 MBq/μA (n = 3). Automated NEPTIS separation took <4 h from the start of target dissolution to product elution, yielding >85 % decay-corrected [203Pb]PbCl2 with a radionuclidic purity of >99.9 %. Purified [203Pb]PbCl2 yields of up to 12 GBq 203Pb were attained (15.8 GBq at EOB). The [203Pb]PbCl2 and [203Pb]Pb(OAc)2 products contained no detectable radionuclidic impurities besides 201Pb (<0.1 %), and <0.4 ppm stable Pb. 205Tl metal was recovered with a 92 % batch yield. Aliquots of 100 μL [203Pb]Pb(OAc)2 were used for radiolabeling PSC-Bn-NCS, TCMC-NCS, and DOTA-NCS chelators at pH 4.5 and 22 °C for 30 min, with maximum respective molar activities of 461 ± 30 GBq/μmol, 195 ± 37 GBq/μmol, and 83 ± 12 GBq/μmol. PSC, TCMC, and DOTA chelators exhibited >99.9 % incorporation after a 120-hour incubation in human serum at 37 °C. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear medicine centers with access to higher energy cyclotrons can produce large 203Pb activities sufficient for clinical applications, with a convenient separation technique producing highly pure [203Pb]PbCl2 or [203Pb]Pb(OAc)2 for direct radiolabeling. This represents an attractive route to produce 203Pb for diagnostic SPECT imaging alongside 212Pb targeted alpha particle therapy. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE Our high-yield 203Pb production technique significantly enhances 203Pb production capabilities to meet the growing preclinical and clinical demand for 203Pb radiopharmaceuticals alongside 212Pb target alpha particle therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce J B Nelson
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - John Wilson
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Michael K Schultz
- Viewpoint Molecular Targeting, Inc., Coralville, IA 52241, USA; Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
| | - Jan D Andersson
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada; Edmonton Radiopharmaceutical Center, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada; Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wharton L, Zhang C, Zeisler J, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Osooly M, Radchenko V, Yang H, Lin KS, Bénard F, Schaffer P, Orvig C. H 3TPAN-Triazole-Bn-NH 2: Tripicolinate Clicked-Bifunctional Chelate for [ 225Ac]/[ 111In] Theranostics. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2381-2397. [PMID: 36378809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new, high-denticity, bifunctional ligand─H3TPAN-triazole-Bn-NH2─has been synthesized and studied in complexation with [225Ac]Ac3+ and [111In]In3+ for radiopharmaceutical applications. The bifunctional chelator is readily synthesized, using a high-yielding four-step prep, which is highly adaptable and allows for straightforward incorporation of different covalent linkers using CuI-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (click) chemistry. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of H3TPAN-triazole-Bn-NH2 with La3+ and In3+ metal ions show the formation of a single, asymmetric complex with each ion in solution, corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Radiolabeling studies with [225Ac]Ac3+ and [111In]In3+ showed highly effective complexation, achieving quantitative radiochemical conversions at low ligand concentrations (<10-6 M) under mild conditions (RT, 10 min), which is further accompanied by high stability in human serum. The bioconjugate─H3TPAN-triazole-Bn-Aoc-Pip-Nle-CycMSHhex─was prepared for targeting of MC1R-positive tumors, and the corresponding 111In-radiolabeled tracer was studied in vivo. SPECT/CT and biodistribution studies in C57BL/6J mice bearing B16-F10 tumors were performed, with the radiotracer showing good in vivo stability; tumor uptake was achieved. This work highlights a new promising and versatile bifunctional chelator, easily prepared and encouraging for 225Ac/111In theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Wharton
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jutta Zeisler
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agronomy Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Maryam Osooly
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Microfluidic Solvent Extraction of No-Carrier-Added 64Cu from Irradiated Zn target for Radiopharmaceutical Preparation. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
9
|
Efficient Production of the PET Radionuclide 133La for Theranostic Purposes in Targeted Alpha Therapy Using the 134Ba(p,2n) 133La Reaction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101167. [PMID: 36297279 PMCID: PMC9611457 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted Alpha Therapy is a research field of highest interest in specialized radionuclide therapy. Over the last decades, several alpha-emitting radionuclides have entered and left research topics towards their clinical translation. Especially, 225Ac provides all necessary physical and chemical properties for a successful clinical application, which has already been shown by [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617. While PSMA-617 carries the DOTA moiety as the complexing agent, the chelator macropa as a macrocyclic alternative provides even more beneficial properties regarding labeling and complex stability in vivo. Lanthanum-133 is an excellent positron-emitting diagnostic lanthanide to radiolabel macropa-functionalized therapeutics since 133La forms a perfectly matched theranostic pair of radionuclides with the therapeutic radionuclide 225Ac, which itself can optimally be complexed by macropa as well. 133La was thus produced by cyclotron-based proton irradiation of an enriched 134Ba target. The target (30 mg of [134Ba]BaCO3) was irradiated for 60 min at 22 MeV and 10−15 µA beam current. Irradiation side products in the raw target solution were identified and quantified: 135La (0.4%), 135mBa (0.03%), 133mBa (0.01%), and 133Ba (0.0004%). The subsequent workup and anion-exchange-based product purification process took approx. 30 min and led to a total amount of (1.2−1.8) GBq (decay-corrected to end of bombardment) of 133La, formulated as [133La]LaCl3. After the complete decay of 133La, a remainder of ca. 4 kBq of long-lived 133Ba per 100 MBq of 133La was detected and rated as uncritical regarding personal dose and waste management. Subsequent radiolabeling was successfully performed with previously published macropa-derived PSMA inhibitors at a micromolar range (quantitative labeling at 1 µM) and evaluated by radio-TLC and radio-HPLC analyses. The scale-up to radioactivity amounts that are needed for clinical application purposes would be easy to achieve by increasing target mass, beam current, and irradiation time to produce 133La of high radionuclide purity (>99.5%) regarding labeling properties and side products.
Collapse
|