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García-Rodríguez S, Espinosa-Cabello JM, García-González A, González-Jiménez E, Aguilar-Cordero MJ, Castellano JM, Perona JS. Interplay of Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Composition and Adipokines in Obese Adolescents. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1112. [PMID: 38256185 PMCID: PMC10816605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of the alarming rise of infant obesity and its health implications, the present research aims to uncover disruptions in postprandial lipid metabolism and the composition of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in obese adolescents. A double-blind, controlled clinical trial in the postprandial phase on 23 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years was carried out. Twelve participants were categorized as obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2 and percentile > 95) and 11 as normal-weight (BMI = 20-25 kg/m2, percentile 5-85). Blood samples were collected after a 12-h overnight fast and postprandially after consumption of a standardized breakfast containing olive oil, tomato, bread, orange juice, and skimmed milk. Obese adolescents exhibited elevated triglyceride concentrations in both fasting and postprandial states and higher TG/apo-B48 ratios, indicating larger postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) particle size, which suggests impaired clearance. Obese subjects also exhibited higher n-6 PUFA concentrations, potentially linked to increased TRL hydrolysis and the release of pro-inflammatory adipokines. In contrast, TRL from normal-weight individuals showed higher concentrations of oleic acid and DHA (n-3 PUFA), with possible anti-inflammatory effects. The results indicate an interplay involving postprandial TRL metabolism and adipokines within the context of adolescent obesity, pointing to potential cardiovascular implications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aída García-González
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Emilio González-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | | | - José M. Castellano
- Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, 41013 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (J.M.E.-C.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Javier S. Perona
- Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, 41013 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (J.M.E.-C.); (J.M.C.)
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Vales-Villamarín C, Ortega-Senovilla H, de Dios O, Pérez-Nadador I, Gavela-Pérez T, Soriano-Guillén L, Garcés C. Leptin Concentration, Obesity, and Plasma Non-esterified Fatty Acid Levels in Children. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:812779. [PMID: 35071145 PMCID: PMC8770974 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.812779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between obesity and higher non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels has been established in adults. In contrast, lower NEFA levels have been described in children with obesity although the reason behind this association remains unclear. Leptin, which regulates body weight and plays a role in lipolysis, could be involved in this relationship. We evaluated the influence of leptin in the association between obesity and NEFA concentrations in children, analyzing two cohorts including 684 6- to 8-year-olds and 836 12- to 16-year-old children, respectively. After adjusting by leptin, insulin levels remained significantly higher in adolescents with obesity as compared with levels in those without obesity. However, insulin levels showed no differences between prepubertal children with and without obesity. The significantly lower NEFA concentrations observed in 6- to 8-year-old girls with obesity disappeared when comparing NEFA levels between girls with and without obesity after adjusting by leptin. We report an influence of leptin levels on the association between obesity and insulin and NEFA in young children that is not observed in adolescents. Our findings add information about factors that may contribute to explain the lower NEFA levels described in prepubertal children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vales-Villamarín
- Lipid Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Olaya de Dios
- Lipid Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Pérez-Nadador
- Lipid Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Gavela-Pérez
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcés
- Lipid Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Mulberry leaf alleviates streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by attenuating NEFA signaling and modulating intestinal microflora. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12041. [PMID: 28935866 PMCID: PMC5608946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of hyperglycemia through dietotherapy/herbal remedy is an effective approach to treating diabetes. In this study, mulberry leaf, famous for silkworm’s special food and therapeutic value without any side effects, alleviated diabetes by attenuating NEFA signaling and modulating intestinal microflora. Mulberry leaf treatment significantly reduce fasting blood-glucose and HbA1c, ameliorate the blood lipid profile and improve insulin resistance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mechanistically, we found that mulberry leaf inhibited NEFA signaling by reducing downstream signaling in the NEFA pathway, further verified by reduced PKC and improved cellular energy homeostasis based on restored expression of PGC-1α, AK2, OXPHOS and adiponectin. Mulberry leaf treatment also restored the phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and class Clostridia, which were associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. Our findings reveal that mulberry leaf is an edible with therapeutic potential for diabetes and may provide a novel dietotherapy/herbal remedy to the treatment of diabetes.
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Kiyak Caglayan E, Engin-Ustun Y, Sari N, Gocmen AY, Polat MF. The effects of prolonged fasting on the levels of adiponectin, leptin, apelin, and omentin in pregnant women. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2016; 36:555-8. [PMID: 26759187 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2015.1103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum adiponectin, leptin, apelin and omentin levels to explore metabolic changes occurring during fasting in the month of Ramadan. The study was designed as a prospective study. The patients were divided into two groups, each comprising 20 patients: Group I, fasting pregnant women, and Group II, non-fasting pregnant women. The patients' age, parity, gestational week and body mass index were recorded. Adiponectin and omentin levels were significantly lower in fasting pregnant women (p < 0.001). When the two groups were compared in terms of serum leptin and apelin levels, both were found to be significantly higher in Group I than in Group II. The findings of the present study suggest that pregnant women who are willing to fast during 24-38 weeks' gestation should be informed about insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Kiyak Caglayan
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine , Bozok University Faculty of Medicine , Yozgat , Turkey and
| | - Yaprak Engin-Ustun
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine , Bozok University Faculty of Medicine , Yozgat , Turkey and
| | - Nagihan Sari
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine , Bozok University Faculty of Medicine , Yozgat , Turkey and
| | - Ayşe Yesim Gocmen
- b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Bozok University Faculty of Medicine , Yozgat , Turkey
| | - M Fevzi Polat
- b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Bozok University Faculty of Medicine , Yozgat , Turkey
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Li PY, Hsu CC, Yin MC, Kuo YH, Tang FY, Chao CY. Protective Effects of Red Guava on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Molecules 2015; 20:22341-50. [PMID: 26703532 PMCID: PMC6331796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is an important chronic disease and the 4th leading cause of death in Taiwan. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative and inflammatory damage are the main causes of chronic complications in diabetic patients. The red guava (red-fleshed guava cultivar of Psidium guajava L.) is a tropical fruit belonging to the Myrtaceae family and an important commercial crop in Taiwan. In this study, the protective effects of a diet containing red guava on inflammation and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were examined. The experimental group was divided into seven subgroups: normal (N), diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetes + red guava 1% (L), 2% (M), and 5% (H), diabetes + 5% red guava + anti-diabetic rosiglitazone (HR), and diabetes + anti-diabetic rosiglitazone (R). The mice were fed for 8 weeks and sacrificed by decapitation. Compared with the DM group, the experimental groups with diets containing red guava as well as rosiglitazone all showed significant improvements in blood glucose control, insulin resistance, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, cholesterol, c-reactive protein, TNF-α, and IL-10. Furthermore, the expression of inflammatory proteins, such as iNOS and NF-κB, was suppressed via activated PPARγ, and the expression levels of GPx3 and ACO increased. In summary, red guava can significantly suppress inflammatory and oxidative damage caused by diabetes and alleviate diabetic symptoms; thus, it exerts protective effects and has potential applications for the development of a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying Li
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chin Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Chin Yin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Yao Tang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Yi Chao
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
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Ortega L, Garcia-Anguita A, Riestra P, Ortega H, Soriano-Guillén L, Lasunción MA, de Oya M, Garcés C. Plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels in children and their relationship with sex steroids. Steroids 2014; 88:15-8. [PMID: 24945112 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Puberty is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity. Sexual hormones have been related with the onset of insulin resistance, but their relationship with non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate circulating NEFA levels in population-based samples of prepubertal children and adolescents and to analyze the association of NEFA with obesity, insulin resistance, and sexual hormones in adolescents. EXPERIMENTAL The studied population included 854 randomly selected 6-8-year-old children and 822 children aged 12-16years. NEFA levels were determined using a commercial kit. Testosterone and estradiol levels were determined by RIA, and insulin and sex hormone binding protein by IRMA. HOMA was calculated as an indicator of insulin resistance. RESULTS NEFA levels were lower in adolescents than in 6-8-year-old children, and decreased progressively with age between 12-year-olds and 16-year-olds. No significant differences in NEFA levels were observed between obese and non-obese adolescents. NEFA were not correlated with insulin or HOMA in 12-16-year-old girls, and appear negatively correlated with these variables in boys. Insulin and HOMA were negatively correlated with SHBG levels in both sexes adjusting by age but NEFA levels were not. CONCLUSIONS NEFA levels decrease with age in adolescents and are not significantly increased in obese children, supporting the fact that the decreased insulin sensitivity at this age is not affecting NEFA metabolism. Although SHBG is related to insulin and HOMA independently of age in both sexes, SHBG levels are not associated with NEFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ortega
- Lipid Metabolism Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pía Riestra
- Lipid Metabolism Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henar Ortega
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal Madrid, and CIBER de Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | | | - Miguel A Lasunción
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal Madrid, and CIBER de Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Manuel de Oya
- Lipid Metabolism Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcés
- Lipid Metabolism Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
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Prepubertal children with a history of extra-uterine growth restriction exhibit low-grade inflammation. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:338-46. [PMID: 24832925 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) may induce significant metabolic and inflammatory anomalies, increasing the risk of obesity and CVD later in life. Similarly, alterations in the adipose tissue may lead to metabolic changes in children with a history of extra-uterine growth restriction (EUGR). These mechanisms may induce alterations in immune response during early life. The aim of the present study was to compare pro-inflammatory markers in prepubertal EUGR children with those in a reference population. A total of thirty-eight prepubertal children with a history of EUGR and a reference group including 123 healthy age- and sex-matched children were selected. Perinatal data were examined. In the prepubertal stage, the concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers were measured in both groups. The serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma concentrations of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein type 1 (MCP-1), neural growth factor, TNF-α and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 were determined. The plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers CRP, HGF, IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-α were higher in the EUGR group than in the reference group (P< 0·001). After adjustment for gestational age, birth weight and length, blood pressure values and TNF-α concentrations remained higher in the EUGR group than in the reference group. Therefore, further investigations should be conducted in EUGR children to evaluate the potential negative impact of metabolic, nutritional and pro-inflammatory changes induced by the EUGR condition.
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Aguilar MJ, González-Jiménez E, Antelo A, Perona JS. Insulin resistance and inflammation markers: correlations in obese adolescents. J Clin Nurs 2012; 22:2002-10. [PMID: 23216620 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To ascertain whether inflammation markers also correlate with parameters related to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in a group of adolescents. BACKGROUND Obesity is now considered a chronic low-grade inflammatory process, characterised by alterations in the systemic concentrations of some inflammation markers. Adiponectin, leptin and other inflammatory proteins have been shown to correlate with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study in two groups of obese and normal weight adolescents. METHODS Serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, ceruloplasmin and insulin levels were determined and correlated among them and with anthropometric parameters, blood pressure body mass index and body mass index z-score. RESULTS Waist circumference, body mass index and blood pressure values correlated significantly with both homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and insulin levels. Ceruloplasmin also correlated with both parameters with a high level of significance. However, leptin levels did not correlate with either homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance or insulin, and adiponectin correlated with homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance but not insulin. All inflammation markers studied correlated with the body mass index z-score. These correlations were stronger in the group of obese individuals compared to lean ones. CONCLUSIONS We found a relationship between insulin resistance and some inflammation in adolescents, which was particularly strong in obese individuals and was associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. Among the inflammation markers studied, ceruloplasmin revealed as a potential string marker of insulin resistance in obese adolescents. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The results obtained in this study imply a significant advance in the field of clinical practice of nursing. The adequate understanding by nursing personnel of the inflammatory processes inherent to obesity constitutes a key factor for the prevention of the disease and its complications in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Aguilar
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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