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Fang Z, Wu Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Willett WC, Eliassen AH, Rosner B, Song M, Mucci LA, Giovannucci EL. Association of nut consumption with risk of total cancer and 5 specific cancers: evidence from 3 large prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1925-1935. [PMID: 34582546 PMCID: PMC8634606 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between nut consumption and cancer risk have not been extensively investigated. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the associations between nut consumption, especially specific types of nuts (peanut, tree nut, walnut, and tree nut other than walnut), and cancer risk. METHODS Nut consumption was assessed by FFQ at baseline and updated every 2-4 y in the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2014), the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2015), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2018). We examined the associations between the intake of total and specific types of nuts and risk of total cancer and common cancers, including lung, colorectal, breast, bladder, and aggressive prostate cancer. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to obtain the HRs and 95% CIs in each cohort as well as pooled. RESULTS During 5,873,671 person-years of follow-up in 180,832 women and 45,560 men, we documented 44,561 incident cancer cases. As compared with nonconsumers, the pooled multivariable HRs of total nut consumption for ≥5 times/wk were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.04; P-trend = 0.54) for total cancer, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.04; P-trend = 0.18) for lung cancer, 1.07 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.26; P-trend = 0.89) for colorectal cancer, 0.90 (95% CI: 0.71, 1.14; P-trend = 0.65) for bladder cancer, 0.96 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.08; P-trend = 0.36) for breast cancer, and 1.18 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.51; P-trend = 0.52) for aggressive prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS In 3 large prospective cohorts, frequent nut consumption was not associated with risk of total cancer and common individual cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - You Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Yang M, Hu FB, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Fuchs CS, Wu K, Bao Y. Nut consumption and risk of colorectal cancer in women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:333-7. [PMID: 25944181 PMCID: PMC4892359 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Increasing nut consumption has been associated with reduced risk of obesity and type II diabetes, the risk factors for colorectal cancer. However, the association between nut consumption and colorectal cancer risk is unclear. We aimed to examine the association of long-term nut consumption with risk of colorectal cancer. SUBJECTS/METHODS We prospectively followed 75,680 women who were free of cancer at baseline in the Nurses' Health Study, and examined the association between nut consumption and colorectal cancer risk. Nut consumption was assessed at baseline and updated every 2-4 years. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During 2,103,037 person-years of follow-up, we identified 1503 colorectal cancer cases. After adjustment for other known or suspected risk factors, women who consumed nuts 2 or more times per week (that is, ⩾ 56 g per week) had a 13% lower risk of colorectal cancer compared with those who rarely consumed nuts, but the association was not statistically significant (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.72-1.05; P-trend: 0.06). No association was observed for peanut butter. CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective cohort of women, frequent nut consumption was not significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk after adjusting for other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Meir J. Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Charles S. Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Kana Wu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ying Bao
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Tan SY, Dhillon J, Mattes RD. A review of the effects of nuts on appetite, food intake, metabolism, and body weight. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100 Suppl 1:412S-22S. [PMID: 24920033 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.071456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree nuts and peanuts are good sources of many nutrients and antioxidants, but they are also energy dense. The latter often limits intake because of concerns about their possible contribution to positive energy balance. However, evidence to date suggests that nuts are not associated with predicted weight gain. This is largely due to their high satiety value, leading to strong compensatory dietary responses, inefficiency in absorption of the energy they contain, a possible increment in resting energy expenditure, and an augmentation of fat oxidation. Preliminary evidence suggests that these properties are especially evident when they are consumed as snacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yen Tan
- From the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Jaapna Dhillon
- From the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Richard D Mattes
- From the Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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