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Xu C, Wang F, Guan S, Wang L. β-Glucans obtained from fungus for wound healing: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121662. [PMID: 38171680 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The cell surface of fungus contains a large number of β-glucans, which exhibit various biological activities such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidation. Fungal β-glucans with highly branched structure show great potential as wound healing reagents, because they can stimulate the expression of many immune- and inflammatory-related factors beneficial to wound healing. Recently, the wound healing ability of many fungal β-glucans have been investigated in animals and clinical trials. Studies have proved that fungal β-glucans can promote fibroblasts proliferation, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and macrophage infiltration during the wound healing process. However, the development of fungal β-glucans as wound healing reagents is not systematically reviewed till now. This review discusses the wound healing studies of β-glucans obtained from different fungal species. The structure characteristics, extraction methods, and biological functions of fungal β-glucans with wound healing ability are summarized. Researches about fungal β-glucan-containing biomaterials and structurally modified β-glucans for wound healing are also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Xu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shibing Guan
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, China.
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2
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Sun S, Liu F, Fan F, Chen N, Pan X, Wei Z, Zhang Y. Exploring the mechanism of atherosclerosis and the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine combined with mesenchymal stem cells based on inflammatory targets. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22005. [PMID: 38045166 PMCID: PMC10692769 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease, which is the common pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The immune inflammatory response throughout the course of AS has been evidenced by studies, in which a large number of immune cells and inflammatory factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AS. The inflammation related to AS is mainly mediated by inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, hs-CRP, SAA), inflammatory enzymes (Lp-PLA2, sPLA2-IIA, MMPs), and inflammatory signaling pathways (P38 MAPK signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, TLR2/4 signaling pathway). It is involved in the pathophysiological process of AS, and the degree of inflammation measured by it can be used to evaluate the risk of progression of AS plaque instability. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown the advantage of minimal side effects in immune regulation and has made some progress in the prevention and treatment of AS. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as self-renewal, highly differentiated, and pluripotent stem cells with anti-inflammatory properties and immune regulation, have been widely used for AS treatment. They also play an important inflammation-immune regulatory function in AS. Notably, in terms of regulating immune cells and inflammatory factors, compared with TCM and its compound, the combination therapy has obvious anti-inflammatory advantages over the use of MSCs alone. It is an important means to further improve the efficacy of AS and provides a new way for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibiao Sun
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Feixiang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Feiyan Fan
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Na Chen
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiaolong Pan
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhihui Wei
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yunke Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Duarte M, Carvalho MJ, de Carvalho NM, Azevedo-Silva J, Mendes A, Ribeiro IP, Fernandes JC, Oliveira ALS, Oliveira C, Pintado M, Amaro A, Madureira AR. Skincare potential of a sustainable postbiotic extract produced through sugarcane straw fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biofactors 2023; 49:1038-1060. [PMID: 37317790 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Postbiotics are defined as a "preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host." They can be produced by fermentation, using culture media with glucose (carbon source), and lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, and/or yeast, mainly Saccharomyces cerevisiae as fermentative microorganisms. Postbiotics comprise different metabolites, and have important biological properties (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, etc.), thus their cosmetic application should be considered. During this work, the postbiotics production was carried out by fermentation with sugarcane straw, as a source of carbon and phenolic compounds, and as a sustainable process to obtain bioactive extracts. For the production of postbiotics, a saccharification process was carried out with cellulase at 55°C for 24 h. Fermentation was performed sequentially after saccharification at 30°C, for 72 h, using S. cerevisiae. The cells-free extract was characterized regarding its composition, antioxidant activity, and skincare potential. Its use was safe at concentrations below ~20 mg mL-1 (extract's dry weight in deionized water) for keratinocytes and ~ 7.5 mg mL-1 for fibroblasts. It showed antioxidant activity, with ABTS IC50 of 1.88 mg mL-1 , and inhibited elastase and tyrosinase activities by 83.4% and 42.4%, respectively, at the maximum concentration tested (20 mg mL-1 ). In addition, it promoted the production of cytokeratin 14, and demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity at a concentration of 10 mg mL-1 . In the skin microbiota of human volunteers, the extract inhibited Cutibacterium acnes and the Malassezia genus. Shortly, postbiotics were successfully produced using sugarcane straw, and showed bioactive properties that potentiate their use in cosmetic/skincare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Duarte
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Carvalho
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nelson Mota de Carvalho
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Azevedo-Silva
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adélia Mendes
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Pinto Ribeiro
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Fernandes
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L S Oliveira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Amaro
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Madureira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Witz A, Effertz D, Goebel N, Schwab M, Franke UFW, Torzewski M. Pro-Calcifying Role of Enzymatically Modified LDL (eLDL) in Aortic Valve Sclerosis via Induction of IL-6 and IL-33. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1091. [PMID: 37509127 PMCID: PMC10377083 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the contributors to atherogenesis is enzymatically modified LDL (eLDL). eLDL was detected in all stages of aortic valve sclerosis and was demonstrated to trigger the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), which has been identified as a pro-inflammatory protein in atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the influence of eLDL on IL-6 and IL-33 induction, and also the impact of eLDL on calcification in aortic valve stenosis (AS). eLDL upregulated phosphate-induced calcification in valvular interstitial cells (VICs)/myofibroblasts isolated from diseased aortic valves, as demonstrated by alizarin red staining. Functional studies demonstrated activation of p38 MAPK as well as an altered gene expression of osteogenic genes known to be involved in vascular calcification. In parallel with the activation of p38 MAPK, eLDL also induced upregulation of the cytokines IL-6 and IL-33. The results suggest a pro-calcifying role of eLDL in AS via induction of IL-6 and IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Witz
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Denise Effertz
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nora Goebel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich F W Franke
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Torzewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hospital Hygiene, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
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5
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Yang F, Cheung PCK. Fungal β-Glucan-Based Nanotherapeutics: From Fabrication to Application. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040475. [PMID: 37108930 PMCID: PMC10143420 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal β-glucans are naturally occurring active macromolecules used in food and medicine due to their wide range of biological activities and positive health benefits. Significant research efforts have been devoted over the past decade to producing fungal β-glucan-based nanomaterials and promoting their uses in numerous fields, including biomedicine. Herein, this review offers an up-to-date report on the synthetic strategies of common fungal β-glucan-based nanomaterials and preparation methods such as nanoprecipitation and emulsification. In addition, we highlight current examples of fungal β-glucan-based theranostic nanosystems and their prospective use for drug delivery and treatment in anti-cancer, vaccination, as well as anti-inflammatory treatments. It is anticipated that future advances in polysaccharide chemistry and nanotechnology will aid in the clinical translation of fungal β-glucan-based nanomaterials for the delivery of drugs and the treatment of illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Peter Chi Keung Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Huang R, Zhang L, Li X, Liu F, Cheng X, Ran H, Wang Z, Li Y, Feng Y, Liang L, Su W, Melgiri ND, Sun Y. Anti-CXCR2 antibody-coated nanoparticles with an erythrocyte-platelet hybrid membrane layer for atherosclerosis therapy. J Control Release 2023; 356:610-622. [PMID: 36898531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality globally. RBC-platelet hybrid membrane-coated nanoparticles ([RBC-P]NPs), which biologically mimic platelets in vivo, display evidence of anti-atherosclerotic activity. The efficacy of a targeted RBC-platelet hybrid membrane-coated nanoparticles ([RBC-P]NP)-based approach was investigated as a primary preventive measure against atherosclerosis. A ligand-receptor interactome analysis conducted with circulating platelets and monocytes derived from CAD patients and healthy controls identified CXCL8-CXCR2 as a key platelet ligand-monocyte receptor dyad in CAD patients. Based on this analysis, a novel anti-CXCR2 [RBC-P]NP that specifically binds to CXCR2 and blocks the interaction between CXCL8 and CXCR2 was engineered and characterized. Administering anti-CXCR2 [RBC-P]NPs to Western diet-fed Ldlr-/- mice led to diminished plaque size, necrosis, and intraplaque macrophage accumulation relative to control [RBC-P]NPs or vehicle. Importantly, anti-CXCR2 [RBC-P]NPs demonstrated no adverse bleeding/hemorrhagic effects. A series of in vitro experiments was conducted to characterize anti-CXCR2 [RBC-P]NP's mechanism of action in plaque macrophages. Mechanistically, anti-CXCR2 [RBC-P]NPs inhibited p38α (Mapk14)-mediated, pro-inflammatory M1 skewing and corrected efferocytosis in plaque macrophages. This targeted [RBC-P]NP-based approach, in which the cardioprotective effects of anti-CXCR2 [RBC-P]NP therapy overweighs its bleeding/hemorrhagic risks, could potentially be used to proactively manage atherosclerotic progression in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhong Huang
- Precision Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lujun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingsheng Li
- Precision Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, China
| | - Haitao Ran
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Precision Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yuxing Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation and Pain Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Liwen Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhua Su
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - N D Melgiri
- Impactys Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, China.
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7
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Cao L, Li J, Zhang J, Huang H, Gui F, Xu W, Zhang L, Bi S. Beta-glucan enhanced immune response to Newcastle disease vaccine and changed mRNA expression of spleen in chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102414. [PMID: 36565635 PMCID: PMC9801214 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the effect of oral administration of β-glucan (G70), a product obtained from the cell wall of yeast, on Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-specific hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers, lymphocyte proliferation, and the role of T lymphocyte subpopulations in chickens treated with live NDV vaccine. In addition, the influence of β-glucan on splenic gene expression was investigated by transcriptome sequencing. The results revealed that the supplementation of β-glucan boosted the titer of serum NDV HI increased the NDV stimulation index of lymphocytes in peripheral blood and intestinal tract, and promoted the differentiation of T lymphocytes into CD4+ T cells. The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis demonstrated that G70 upregulated the mRNA expressions related to G-protein coupled receptor and MHC class I polypeptide, and downregulated the mRNA expressions related to cathelicidin and beta-defensin. The immunomodulatory effect of G70 might function through mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. To sum up, G70 could boost the immunological efficacy of live NDV vaccine in chickens and could be applied as a potential adjuvant candidate in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Cao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China
| | - Jianrong Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China
| | - Fuxing Gui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, P. R. China
| | - Shicheng Bi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, P. R. China,Correspondence author:
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Zhang Y, Feng X, Du M, Ding J, Liu P. Salvianolic acid B attenuates the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis by regulating MAPKs/ NF-κB signaling pathways in LDLR-/- mice and RAW264.7 cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221079468. [PMID: 35285334 PMCID: PMC9118216 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221079468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is the main effective water-soluble
component of Salvia miltiorrhiza. In this study, the anti-inflammatory
effect of Sal B was explored in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced LDLR-/- mice and oxidized
low-density-lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7
cells. Methods: The LDLR-/- mice were randomly divided into four groups after
12 weeks of high-fat diet. Then, the mice were administrated with 0.9% saline or Sal B
(25 mg/kg) or Atorvastatin (1.3 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. RAW 264.7 cells were induced with
ox-LDL/LPS, or ox-LDL/LPS plus different concentrations of Sal B (1.25 μg/mL, 2.5 μg/mL,
5 μg/mL), or ox-LDL plus Sal B plus MAPKs activators. ELISA was used for detecting serum
lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokines, RT-qPCR used for gene expression, Oil Red O
used for plaque sizes, and immunofluorescence staining used for NF-κB p65 and TNF-α
production. Inflammation-related proteins and MAPKs pathways were detected by Western
Blot. Results: The results showed that Sal B decreased the levels of serum
lipids (TC, TG, and LDL-C), attenuated inflammatory cytokines, and improved lipid
accumulation in the aorta. Sal B also attenuated the elevation of inflammatory cytokines
induced by ox-LDL or LPS in RAW264.7 cells, and the phosphorylation of MAPKs/NF-κB
pathways in the aorta and RAW264.7 cells, resulting in a significant decrease in the
contents of p-JNK, p-ERK 1/2, p-P38, p-IκB, and p-NF-κB p65. Conclusions: Sal
B could exert anti-inflammatory effects on atherosclerosis via MAPKs/NF-κB signaling
pathways in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoteng Feng
- Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Du
- Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Zhang Y, Du M, Wang J, Liu P. Astragaloside IV Relieves Atherosclerosis and Hepatic Steatosis via MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in LDLR−/− Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828161. [PMID: 35264962 PMCID: PMC8899310 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is the main active compound of Astragalus membranaceus. In this study, we investigated whether AS-IV could attenuate atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis in LDLR−/−mice and its potential mechanisms. After 12 weeks of high fat diet, the LDLR−/−mice were randomly divided into four groups. Then, the mice were administrated with 0.9% saline or AS-IV (10 mg/kg) or atorvastatin (1.3 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Serum lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA, hepatic TC and TG by colorimetric enzymatic kits, gene expression by RT-qPCR, plaque sizes by H&E staining, Oil Red O, liver pathology by H&E staining, collagen content by Masson, α-SMA, caspase-3 and NF-κB p65 production by immunofluorescence staining. MAPK/NF-κB pathway and inflammation related proteins were detected by Western Blot. The results showed that AS-IV decreased the levels of serum lipids, reduced plaque area and increased plaque stability in HFD-induced LDLR−/− mice. AS-IV also decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, aortas and liver tissue, and NF-κB p65 in aortic roots. The phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB, and inflammatory proteins (iNOS, VCAM-1and IL-6) was inhibited in AS-IV-treated group. In summary, AS-IV inhibited inflammation to attenuate atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis via MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in LDLR−/− mice.
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10
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Cathepsin C Is Involved in Macrophage M1 Polarization via p38/MAPK Pathway in Sudden Cardiac Death. Cardiovasc Ther 2021; 2021:6139732. [PMID: 34737793 PMCID: PMC8536465 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6139732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at identifying molecular markers associated with the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death (SCD). It provides a proteomic analysis of human left anterior descending coronary artery from subjects diagnosed with SCD through histological examination and cases of nondisease accidental deaths through autopsy. A total of 2784 proteins were obtained from label-free quantitative proteomic analysis. This included a total of 265 differential proteins which were involved in SCD-related processes, such as inflammation, muscle system process regulation, metal ion transport, and lysosomal pathway. Western blotting was carried out to measure the expressions of cathepsin C (CTSC), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), p-FAK, and proteins related to the p38/MAPK signaling pathway, whereas immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the localization and expression of CTSC, TNF-α, and CD206 in arterial tissues. It was found that CTSC were the most expressed proteins with a significant upward trend in SCD cases. Besides, CTSC regulated macrophage polarization to M1 through the FAK-induced p38/MAPK signaling pathway. This promoted the release of inflammatory factors and eventually increased the inflammatory response. In conclusion, this study implies that CTSC may be one of the key molecular targets for promoting macrophage M1 polarization in SCD, which may provide new therapeutic insights into the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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11
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Schmidt M. Cereal beta-glucans: an underutilized health endorsing food ingredient. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:3281-3300. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1864619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Detmold, Germany
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12
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Fan Q, Abouelezz K, Wang Y, Lin X, Li L, Gou Z, Cheng Z, Ding F, Jiang S. Influence of vitamin E, tryptophan and β-glucan on growth performance, meat quality, intestinal immunity, and antioxidative status of yellow-feathered chickens fed thermally oxidized oils. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Liang X, Wang L, Wang M, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhang B, Liu E, Li G. MicroRNA-124 inhibits macrophage cell apoptosis via targeting p38/MAPK signaling pathway in atherosclerosis development. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13005-13022. [PMID: 32611832 PMCID: PMC7377888 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to characterize the function of microRNA (miR)-124 in the process of coronary artery disease (CAD). Eighty patients, including 40 CAD patients and 40 non-CAD control patients were enrolled in this study. Atherosclerosis model was established in vivo in ApoE-/- mice and in vitro in RAW264.7 cells. Expression of miR-124 and p38 in patients, animal models and cell models were measured by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry assay. Overexpression or suppression of miR-124 was introduced in vitro and in vivo and the expression levels of p38, miR-124, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and pro- and anti-apoptotic factors were examined. Results showed that miR-124 was decreased, while p38 was increased in CAD patients and atherosclerosis models compared with control group. MiR-124 could target p38 by binding its 3’ untranslated region and negatively regulated the protein expression of p38. Overexpression of miR-124 increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, reduced the expression of pro- inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited macrophage apoptosis. MiR-124 overexpression may be a promising treatment for atherosclerosis and CAD via inhibiting p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Manman Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhaohong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Baoshuai Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Enzhao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
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Mejía SMV, de Francisco A, Bohrer B. A comprehensive review on cereal β-glucan: extraction, characterization, causes of degradation, and food application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 60:3693-3704. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1706444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Milena Vásquez Mejía
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de producción animal, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alicia de Francisco
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Hill E, Sapa H, Negrea L, Bame K, Hostetter T, Barkoukis H, Dusso A, Dobre M. Effect of Oat β-Glucan Supplementation on Chronic Kidney Disease: A Feasibility Study. J Ren Nutr 2019; 30:208-215. [PMID: 31668649 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary supplementation with grains containing high β-glucan fiber has been shown to attenuate the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and vascular calcification in animal models. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of consuming an oat β-glucan supplement and to assess its effects on certain uremic toxins and markers of mineral metabolism in patients with CKD. DESIGN This is a 20-week, nonrandomized, single-center, pretest-posttest study. Twenty-eight subjects with CKD stages 3-4 were enrolled. The mean age was 67.6 ± 8.9 years, and the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 35 ± 14 mL/min/1.73 m2. Subjects received a dietary supplement containing 3 g of oat β-glucan per day for 12 weeks. The 4-week period before the start of the intervention was used as a baseline comparison for each subject. The primary outcome was pre-post supplement changes in plasma levels of two uremic toxins: trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and asymmetric dimethylarginine. Secondary outcomes were pre-post supplement changes in serum calcium, phosphorus, and Klotho levels. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to test the differences in outcomes over the three-month-long intervention. RESULTS Serum levels of TMAO decreased by a median of -17% (interquartile range: -46%, 7%) at the end of the intervention. A nonstatistically significant change was observed for asymmetric dimethylarginine (median -0.6% [-12%, 20%]) and serum Klotho (median -3% [-8%, 7%]). There were no changes in serum levels of calcium and phosphorus. One month after discontinuation of β-glucan therapy, TMAO levels increased by a median of 16% (-12%, 36%) but remained slightly below the pretreatment levels. Eight subjects experienced side effects and discontinued the treatment. CONCLUSION A diet supplemented with β-glucan is safe and potentially efficacious in lowering serum concentrations of TMAO in patients with CKD. Larger trials with longer follow-up times are needed to determine whether such reductions translate into clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Hill
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Hima Sapa
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lavinia Negrea
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Nephrology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kristin Bame
- Clinical Nutrition Services Department, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Thomas Hostetter
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Nephrology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hope Barkoukis
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Adriana Dusso
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mirela Dobre
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Nephrology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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Ren H, Chen Z, Yang L, Xiong W, Yang H, Xu K, Zhai E, Ding L, He Y, Song X. Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) promotes tumor progression via MAPK signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4917-4930. [PMID: 31213910 PMCID: PMC6549782 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s192529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Identifying high-efficiency prognostic markers for colorectal cancer (CRC) is necessary for clinical practice. Increasing evidence demonstrates that apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) promotes carcinogenesis in some human cancers. However, the expression status and biological function of APOC1 in CRC remain unclear. Materials and methods: We detected the association between APOC1 expression and clinicopathological features in 140 CRC patients by immunohistochemistry. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was used to downregulate APOC1 expression in CRC cells. Cell proliferation was estimated by CCK8 and clonogenic assays. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were examined by a transwell assay. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and protein expression of signaling pathways were used to suggest the possible APOC1-associated pathways in CRC. Results: APOC1 was highly expressed in CRC tissues. High immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression of APOC1 was correlated with the N stage, M stage and TNM stage. High IHC APOC1 expression in CRC tissues was associated with poor prognosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that APOC1 was an independent risk factor for OS. Cell proliferation of CRC cell lines was inhibited by the downregulation of APOC1. Moreover, si-APOC1 transfection induced cell cycle arrest but low apoptosis increases by regulating the expression of related proteins. Cell migration and invasion were also inhibited by the downregulation of APOC1. The Cancer Genome Atlas Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (TCGA COAD-READ) dataset analyzed by GSEA showed that APOC1 might be involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which was further preliminarily confirmed by Western blotting. Conclusion: APOC1 was overexpressed in CRC tissues, and a high level of APOC1 contributed to a poor prognosis. APOC1 expression influenced the cell proliferation ability and motility capacity of CRC via the MAPK pathway. APOC1 could act as a novel prognostic biomarker in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Digestive Disease, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixin Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Operating Room, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiwu Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ertao Zhai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Digestive Disease, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingming Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Replacing starch in beef emulsion models with β-glucan, microcrystalline cellulose, or a combination of β-glucan and microcrystalline cellulose. Meat Sci 2019; 153:58-65. [PMID: 30913409 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Barley sourced beta-glucan (βG), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), or starch were added to beef emulsions containing beef, olive oil, salts, and water. Emulsions with inclusion levels of 1% of βG, MCC, or starch, 2% of βG, MCC, or starch, or 3% of βG, MCC, or starch, and a mixture of βG (1.5%) and MCC (1.5%) were evaluated for proximate composition, cooking loss, instrumental color, and texture profile analyses (TPA) in three independent replications. As expected, proximate composition differed based mainly on the hydrocolloid used and formulation. Cooking loss was not different among treatments. However, TPA differed with βG samples having lower (P < .05) values for hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness compared with MCC and starch samples, while samples prepared with MCC and starch presented similar TPA. Emulsions prepared with βG had greater (P < .05) b* values before cooking when compared with emulsions prepared with MCC and starch, but these differences were not observed in cooked emulsions.
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Reustle A, Torzewski M. Role of p38 MAPK in Atherosclerosis and Aortic Valve Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123761. [PMID: 30486366 PMCID: PMC6321637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and aortic valve sclerosis are cardiovascular diseases with an increasing prevalence in western societies. Statins are widely applied in atherosclerosis therapy, whereas no pharmacological interventions are available for the treatment of aortic valve sclerosis. Therefore, valve replacement surgery to prevent acute heart failure is the only option for patients with severe aortic stenosis. Both atherosclerosis and aortic valve sclerosis are not simply the consequence of degenerative processes, but rather diseases driven by inflammatory processes in response to lipid-deposition in the blood vessel wall and the aortic valve, respectively. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is involved in inflammatory signaling and activated in response to various intracellular and extracellular stimuli, including oxidative stress, cytokines, and growth factors, all of which are abundantly present in atherosclerotic and aortic valve sclerotic lesions. The responses generated by p38 MAPK signaling in different cell types present in the lesions are diverse and might support the progression of the diseases. This review summarizes experimental findings relating to p38 MAPK in atherosclerosis and aortic valve sclerosis and discusses potential functions of p38 MAPK in the diseases with the aim of clarifying its eligibility as a pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Reustle
- Dr. Margarete-Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
- University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Michael Torzewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hospital Hygiene, Robert Bosch-Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Beta-Glucanemia after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Case Report. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:jof4040114. [PMID: 30279391 PMCID: PMC6309048 DOI: 10.3390/jof4040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood salvage techniques are increasingly being used during surgical procedures to reduce the need for exogenous blood products. The blood recovered from the surgical field through aspiration or absorption by surgical sponges is reinfused into a patient. A 65-year old patient who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting using blood salvage techniques developed a fever on post-op day 3 and was noted to have an elevated β-d-glucan level, a marker of systemic fungal infections. Ultimately, no fungal infection was identified, β-d-glucan levels slowly decreased and the patient demonstrated clinical improvement. To determine whether blood salvage procedures led to his elevated β-d-glucan levels, the surgical sponges were tested for elutable levels of β-d-glucan. The β-d-glucan content of the eluents was measured using the Fungitell® IVD kit (Associates of Cape Cod, Inc.; East Falmouth, MA). The β-d-glucan levels were found to be in concentrations 10,000-times greater than the limit of detection for human serum. While various studies have demonstrated both the immunomodulatory and pro-inflammatory effects of β-d-glucan, the physiologic impact of such high levels of β-d-glucan post-operatively remains unknown. Additionally, the persistence of detectable β-d-glucan up to several weeks after surgical procedures presents a challenge for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections. Further studies are needed to assess the beta-glucanemia-related safety of surgical materials and their potential biological effects.
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Zhong Y, Feng J, Fan Z, Li J. Curcumin increases cholesterol efflux via heme oxygenase‑1‑mediated ABCA1 and SR‑BI expression in macrophages. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6138-6143. [PMID: 29436680 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, which is an extract from a traditional Chinese medicine, has previously been demonstrated to exhibit an anti‑atherosclerotic effect, which is closely associated with an increase in cholesterol efflux. However, it is unclear as to whether the increased effect is mediated by heme oxygenase (HO)‑1. Macrophages were treated with different concentrations of curcumin, HO‑1 inhibitor and small interfering (si)RNA in different experiments. Analysis of protein expression was conducted via western blotting. mRNA expression levels were measured using reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction. Antioxidant response element (ARE)‑driven promoter activity was measured by a dual‑luciferase reporter assay. The cholesterol efflux analysis was performed by fluorescence‑labelled cholesterol (NBD) using a multi‑label counter. In the present study, the results indicated that curcumin increased the cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Additionally, curcumin significantly upregulated HO‑1 expression. The HO‑1 inhibitor (zinc protoporphyrin) partly blocked this effect. Curcumin also promoted scavenger receptor class B type I (SR‑BI) and ATP‑binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression. HO‑1 small interfering (si)RNA partly abolished the increased SR‑BI and ABCA1 expression induced by curcumin. Furthermore, the nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) expression in the nucleus was dose‑dependently increased by curcumin. Nrf2 siRNA successfully inhibited the curcumin‑induced HO‑1 expression. Curcumin significantly increased Nrf2‑driven luciferase activity. Overall, these data indicated that curcumin activates the Nrf2‑ARE signaling pathway and upregulates HO‑1 expression, which mediates SR‑BI and ABCA1 expression and thereby increases cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongcai Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Du B, Yang Y, Bian Z, Xu B. Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of an Exopolysaccharide from Submerged Mycelial Culture of Schizophyllum commune. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:252. [PMID: 28555107 PMCID: PMC5430044 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Mushroom polysaccharides have attracted attention in food and pharmacology fields because of their many biological activities. The structure characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide from Schizophyllum commune were evaluated in present study. Methods: An exopolysaccharide from a submerged mycelial fermentation of S. commune was obtained using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. The molecular weight (MW), monosaccharide compositions, chemical compositions, methylation analysis, circular dichroism studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy were investigated. Results: It was a homogeneous protein-bound heteropolysaccharide with MW of 2,900 kDa. The exopolysaccharide contained a β-(1→3) glycosidic backbone, (1→4)- and (1→6)- glycosidic side chain, and high amount of glucose. The anti-inflammatory activity of exopolysaccharide was assessed by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) from macrophages. This exopolysaccharide significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited lipopolysaccharides-induced iNOS expression levels in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: It indicated significant anti-inflammatory effects, which showed that exopolysaccharide might be exploited as an effective anti-inflammatory agent for application in NO-related disorders such as inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- Analysis and Testing Center, Hebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyQinhuangdao, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University–Hong Kong Baptist University United International CollegeZhuhai, China
| | - Yuedong Yang
- Analysis and Testing Center, Hebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyQinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University–Hong Kong Baptist University United International CollegeZhuhai, China
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Barera A, Buscemi S, Monastero R, Caruso C, Caldarella R, Ciaccio M, Vasto S. β-glucans: ex vivo inflammatory and oxidative stress results after pasta intake. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2016; 13:14. [PMID: 27057204 PMCID: PMC4823838 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-016-0068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that Mediterranean Diet can positively influence the health of each individual, in particular it is know that fibers have an important role. However, in Mediterranean cities most people do not have a close adherence to Mediterranean diet. Thus, in our study, we considered fibers like β-glucans that have been added to pasta with a percentage of 6 %. Our study aimed to evaluate the capacity of β-glucans intake on oxidative stress and inflammation in a cohort of middle aged slightly overweight subjects. METHODS We used a longitudinal study design. The study lasted 30 days during which time, each participant acted with no food restriction. Participants underwent morning fasting blood venous sample for blood chemistry and other biological parameters at the beginning of the study and after 30 days of pasta supplemented with 6 % of β-glucan intake 4 times a week. We performed anthropometric, biochemical, oxidative stress and cytokine analysis at the beginning and the end of study. RESULTS After the 30 days of pasta intake we obtained a significant decrease of LDL-cholesterol, IL-6 and AGEs levels. CONCLUSION The results confirmed a capacity of β-glucans intake to lower oxidative stress. Additional longitudinal observation on community-based cohorts are needed to confirm these data and investigate the biological mechanisms through which effects are induced, and to fully explore the therapeutic potential of β-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Barera
- Pathobiology Department and Biomedical Technologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvio Buscemi
- Biomedic Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Monastero
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Pathobiology Department and Biomedical Technologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- CORELAB, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Pathobiology Department and Biomedical Technologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; Biomedic Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ; CORELAB, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 16, Palermo, Italy ; Institute of biomedicine and molecular immunology "Alberto Monroy" CNR, Palermo, Italy
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Du B, Lin C, Bian Z, Xu B. An insight into anti-inflammatory effects of fungal beta-glucans. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Curcumin inhibits monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and enhances cholesterol efflux by suppressing the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway in macrophage. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:841-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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