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Khan I, Hussain M, Jiang B, Zheng L, Pan Y, Hu J, Khan A, Ashraf A, Zou X. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Metabolism and health implications. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101255. [PMID: 37838255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have gained substantial interest due to their specific structure and biological functions. Humans cannot naturally produce these fatty acids (FAs), making it crucial to obtain them from our diet. This comprehensive review details n-3 LC-PUFAs and their role in promoting and maintaining optimal health. The article thoroughly analyses several sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs and their respective bioavailability, covering marine, microbial and plant-based sources. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the biological impacts of n-3 LC-PUFAs on health conditions, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, diabetes, depression, arthritis, and cognition. In addition, we highlight the significance of fortification and supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFAs in both functional foods and dietary supplements. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the several kinds of n-3 LC-PUFAs supplements currently available in the market, including an assessment of their recommended intake, safety, and effectiveness. The dietary guidelines associated with n-3 LC-PUFAs are also highlighted, focusing on the significance of maintaining a well-balanced intake of n-3 PUFAs to enhance health benefits. Lastly, we highlight future directions for further research in this area and their potential implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mudassar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuechao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adil Khan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Azqa Ashraf
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2666100, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Mohammad A, Shahnaz T, Sorayya K. Effect of 8 weeks' supplementation grape seed extract on insulin resistance in iranian adolescents with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:197-203. [PMID: 33385766 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Insulin resistance in adolescents is a major health concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of grape seed extract on insulin resistance in adolescents with metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Participants were divided into grape seed extract (GSE) and placebo groups (n = 24 each) and received 100 mg/day of GSE or placebo and were placed on a weight loss diet for 8 weeks. Anthropometric and biochemical indices, blood pressure, dietary intake, and physical activity were measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS Forty-two participants completed the trial. After the intervention, the age, sex, baseline values, energy intake and physical activity as a covariate adjusted using ANCOVA for determine differences between groups. The MD (mean difference ±SEM) of HOMA-IR between the GSE group (-1.46 ± 0.45) and the placebo group (-0.48 ± 0.47), (p = 0.020), and the MD of insulin between the GSE group (-7.05 ± 2.11) and the placebo group (-1.71 ± 2.12), (p = 0.024), were significant. Although changes were observed in other variables, they were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS GSE improves insulin concentration and insulin resistance in adolescents with MetS and provides a basis for possible application of the GSE in the clinical management of MetS in adolescents. This study registered under Randomized Clinical Trials.gov Identifier no. IRCT2013112611288N7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizadeh Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Nishabouri St., Tabriz, Iran, Postal code: 5166614711, POBOX: 14711.
| | - Taghizadeh Shahnaz
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Nishabouri St., Tabriz, Iran, Postal code: 5166614711, POBOX: 14711.
| | - Kheirouri Sorayya
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Nishabouri St., Tabriz, Iran, Postal code: 5166614711, POBOX: 14711.
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杨 兴, 邵 孟, 周 琴, 夏 悦, 邹 和. [Association of waist-to-hip ratio with insulin resistance in non-diabetic normal-weight individuals: a cross-sectional study]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1540-1544. [PMID: 29180338 PMCID: PMC6779637 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and insulin resistance(IR) in non-diabetic normal-weight individuals and investigate how this association differs between male and femalesubjects. METHODS From June to October, 2012, we performed a cross-sectional survey among 2142 community-based non-diabetic Chinese participants, who were divided into 4 groups according to the gender-specific quartiles of WHR. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), calculated as the product of fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) and fasting insulin (mU/L) divided by 22.5, was used as the indicator of insulin resistance. Logistic regression models were used to explore the association of WHR with IR in these subjects. RESULTS In the unadjusted model, WHR was significantly associated with IR in women (OR=6.60, 95%CI: 2.86-15.26, P<0.001); the association was still significant (OR=3.28, 95%CI: 1.34-8.04, P=0.009) after adjustment for the potential confounders including the history of hypertension, coronary heartdisease, current smoker, physical inactivity, and body mass index. CONCLUSION WHR is independently associated with IR in non-diabetic Chinese women with normal body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- 兴燕 杨
- />南方医科大学第三附属医院肾内科，广东 广州 510630Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 孟佼 邵
- />南方医科大学第三附属医院肾内科，广东 广州 510630Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 琴 周
- />南方医科大学第三附属医院肾内科，广东 广州 510630Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 悦 夏
- />南方医科大学第三附属医院肾内科，广东 广州 510630Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 和群 邹
- />南方医科大学第三附属医院肾内科，广东 广州 510630Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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