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An Y, Lu W, Li W, Pan L, Lu M, Cesarino I, Li Z, Zeng W. Dietary Fiber in Plant Cell Walls—The Healthy Carbohydrates. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) is one of the major classes of nutrients for humans. It is widely distributed in the edible parts of natural plants, with the cell wall being the main DF-containing structure. The DF content varies significantly in different plant species and organs, and the processing procedure can have a dramatic effect on the DF composition of plant-based foods. Given the considerable nutritional value of DF, a deeper understanding of DF in food plants, including its composition and biosynthesis, is fundamental to the establishment of a daily intake reference of DF and is also critical to molecular breeding programs for modifying DF content. In the past decades, plant cell wall biology has seen dramatic progress, and such knowledge is of great potential to be translated into DF-related food science research and may provide future research directions for improving the health benefits of food crops. In this review, to spark interdisciplinary discussions between food science researchers and plant cell wall biologists, we focus on a specific category of DF—cell wall carbohydrates. We first summarize the content and composition of carbohydrate DF in various plant-based foods, and then discuss the structure and biosynthesis mechanism of each carbohydrate DF category, in particular the respective biosynthetic enzymes. Health impacts of DF are highlighted, and finally, future directions of DF research are also briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Cesarino
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Du P, Luo K, Wang Y, Xiao Q, Xiao J, Li Y, Zhang X. Intake of Dietary Fiber From Grains and the Risk of Hypertension in Late Midlife Women: Results From the SWAN Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:730205. [PMID: 34604281 PMCID: PMC8481373 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.730205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The possible effects of dietary fiber intake on hypertension have not been clarified fully. The association of dietary fiber intake with hypertension risk in midlife women was analyzed in this study. Methods: Baseline data were obtained from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Smooth curve, linear regression, and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations of four indices of daily dietary estimate (DDE) of dietary fiber (dietary fiber intake, dietary fiber intake from beans, dietary fiber intake from vegetables/fruit, and dietary fiber intake from grains) with blood pressure in midlife women. For this research purpose, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg was defined as diastolic hypertension, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg was defined as systolic hypertension. Results: This study included 2,519 participants with an average age of 46. The smooth curve showed approximate negative correlations between three fiber indices (DDE dietary fiber, DDE fiber from vegetables/fruit, and DDE fiber from grains) and blood pressure, including DBP and SBP (all P < 0.005). There were also approximate negative correlations between two fiber indices (DDE dietary fiber and DDE fiber from grains) and the risk of diastolic hypertension and systolic hypertension (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis suggested that DDE dietary fiber (Sβ = −0.057, 95% CI −0.194 – −0.012, P = 0.027), DDE fiber from vegetables/fruit (Sβ = −0.046, 95% CI −0.263 – −0.007, P = 0.039), and DDE fiber from grains (Sβ = −0.073, 95% CI −0.600 – −0.099, P = 0.006, Model 4) were still negatively correlated with DBP after adjusting for confounding factors. Only DDE fiber from grains was independently and negatively associated with SBP (Sβ = −0.060, 95% CI −0.846 – −0.093, P = 0.015) after these same confounding factors were adjusted for. Importantly, multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that only higher DDE fiber from grains was independently associated with a reduced risk of diastolic hypertension (OR = 0.848, 95% CI 0.770–0.934, P = 0.001, Model 4) and systolic hypertension (OR = 0.906, 95% CI 0.826–0.993, P = 0.034, Model 4) after the adjustments were made for confounding factors. Conclusions: We found that dietary fiber intake, especially DDE fiber from grains, contributes to a lower risk of systolic hypertension and diastolic hypertension in midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kaifeng Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiansheng Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingjian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Liu H, Chen X, Chen H, Lu J, Chen D, Luo C, Cheng X, Jia Y, Huang C. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses of the Flowers and Leaves of Chrysanthemum dichrum. Front Genet 2021; 12:716163. [PMID: 34531898 PMCID: PMC8438430 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.716163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum dichrum is an important wild species in the family Asteraceae. However, because of a lack of genetic information, there has been relatively little research conducted on the molecular mechanisms in C. dichrum. There is no report describing the transcriptome and metabolome of C. dichrum flowers and leaves at different developmental stages. In this study, high-throughput sequencing and RNA-seq analyses were used to investigate the transcriptome of C. dichrum leaves, flower buds, and blooming flowers. Additionally, these three tissues also underwent a metabolomics analysis. A total of 447,313,764 clean reads were assembled into 77,683 unigenes, with an average length of 839 bp. Of the 44,204 annotated unigenes, 42,189, 28,531, 23,420, and 17,599 were annotated using the Nr, Swiss-Prot, KOG, and KEGG databases, respectively. Furthermore, 31,848 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between the leaves and flower buds, whereas 23,197 DEGs were detected between the leaves and blooming flowers, and 11,240 DEGs were detected between the flower buds and blooming flowers. Finally, a quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was conducted to validate the identified DEGs. The metabolome data revealed several abundant metabolites in C. dichrum leaves, flower buds, and blooming flowers, including raffinose, 1-kestose, asparagine, glutamine, and other medicinal compounds. The expression patterns of significant DEGs revealed by the transcriptome analysis as well as the data for the differentially abundant metabolites in three C. dichrum tissues provide important genetic and metabolic information relevant for future investigations of the molecular mechanisms in C. dichrum. Moreover, the results of this study may be useful for the molecular breeding, development, and application of C. dichrum resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China.,Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Landscape Architecture, Chengdu, China
| | - Hạixia Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Agriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Shandong Forestry Protection and Development Service Center, Jinan, China
| | - Dongliang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Jia
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Landscape Architecture, Chengdu, China
| | - Conglin Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
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Cárdenas Y, Ríos-Silva M, Huerta M, López M, Bricio-Barrios J, Ortiz-Mesina M, Urzúa Z, Saavedra-Molina A, Trujillo X. The Comparative Effect of Nopal and Mucilage in Metabolic Parameters in Rats with a High-Fructose Diet. J Med Food 2019; 22:538-541. [PMID: 30864849 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nopal is used in Mexico as both food and traditional medicine for metabolic diseases. Our aim was to analyze the effect of the chronic administration of mucilage fiber extracted from nopal (Opuntia ficus indica; 500 mg/kg body weight per day) on male Wistar rats on a high-fructose diet (HFD). After which three groups were administered one of the following for 30 days: whole-fresh nopal mixed in water, mucilage, and control. Metabolic and hemodynamic parameters (triglycerides, cholesterol, fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, blood pressure, and abdominal circumference) were determined. Rats administered nopal and mucilage had lower levels of triglycerides and diastolic arterial pressure than control, but only nopal had significant differences. Furthermore, systolic and diastolic pressure were higher in the control group. Thus, whole nopal and mucilage improve metabolic parameters in rats fed a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolitzy Cárdenas
- 1 Dr. Enrico Stefani Research Unit, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Mónica Ríos-Silva
- 1 Dr. Enrico Stefani Research Unit, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico.,2 National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), University of Colima, Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Miguel Huerta
- 1 Dr. Enrico Stefani Research Unit, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Marisa López
- 1 Dr. Enrico Stefani Research Unit, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Jaime Bricio-Barrios
- 1 Dr. Enrico Stefani Research Unit, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico.,3 Faculty of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Mónica Ortiz-Mesina
- 4 Unity of Family Medicine #19, #17, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Colima, Mexico
| | - Zorayda Urzúa
- 4 Unity of Family Medicine #19, #17, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Colima, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Saavedra-Molina
- 5 Institute of Chemical-Biological Research, San Nicolas de Hidalgo Michoacan University, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Xóchitl Trujillo
- 1 Dr. Enrico Stefani Research Unit, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
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Beretta MV, Bernaud FR, Nascimento C, Steemburgo T, Rodrigues TC. Higher fiber intake is associated with lower blood pressure levels in patients with type 1 diabetes. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2018; 62:47-54. [PMID: 29694634 PMCID: PMC10118680 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present investigation sought to evaluate the potential association between dietary fiber intake and blood pressure (BP) in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 111 outpatients with T1D from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Patients were predominantly male (56%) and white (88%), with a mean age of 40 ± 10 years, diabetes duration of 18 ± 9 years, BMI 24.8 ± 3.85 kg/m2, and HbA1c 9.0 ± 2.0%. After clinical and laboratory evaluation, dietary intake was evaluated by 3-day weighed-diet records, whose reliability was confirmed by 24-h urinary nitrogen output. Patients were stratified into two groups according to adequacy of fiber intake in relation to American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations: below recommended daily intake (< 14g fiber/1000 kcal) or at/above recommended intake (≥ 14g/1000 kcal). Results Patients in the higher fiber intake group exhibited significantly lower systolic (SBP) (115.9 ± 12.2 vs 125.1 ± 25.0 mmHg, p = 0.016) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (72.9 ± 9.2 vs 78.5 ± 9.3 mmHg, p = 0.009), higher energy intake (2164.0 ± 626.0 vs 1632.8 ± 502.0 kcal, p < 0.001), and lower BMI (24.4 ± 3.5 vs 26.2 ± 4.8, p = 0.044). Linear regression modelling, adjusted for age, energy intake, sodium intake, and BMI, indicated that higher fiber intake was associated with lower SBP and DBP levels. No significant between-group differences were observed with regard to duration of diabetes, glycemic control, insulin dosage, or presence of hypertension, nephropathy, or retinopathy. Conclusion We conclude that fiber consumption meeting or exceeding current ADA recommendations is associated with lower SBP and DBP in patients with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mileni Vanti Beretta
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernanda R Bernaud
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Ciglea Nascimento
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Thais Steemburgo
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Ticiana C Rodrigues
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Abstract
In the past few years, new strategies as dietary fiber to control blood pressure levels are emerging by developing new bioactive components of foods. The implicated mechanisms are under research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Aleixandre
- Department of Pharmacology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Complutense University of Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - M. Miguel
- Institute of Food Science Research (CSIC-UAM
- CEI UAM+CSIC)
- Nicolás Cabrera
- Spain
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7
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Abstract
High-fibre intake has been shown to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS), cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Psyllium is one of the most widely used fibre supplements because it is reasonably cheap and is better tolerated than other fibre supplements. The review of the literature supports the notion that the consumption of psyllium provides benefits to many components of the MS. Psyllium supplementation does improve glucose levels and insulin response, blood pressure, as well as lipid profile in both animals and humans, thereby reducing metabolic risk factors. Appetite has also been reported to decrease after the consumption of psyllium in most studies. Collectively, psyllium supplementation could be promoted to patients who present MS risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperglycaemia. It may also play a role in controlling body weight, body composition, appetite and hypertension, but further investigation is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebely Pal
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Choi JH, Kim TH, Ko MS, Cha YS. Effects of fermented barley on lipid and carnitine profiles in C57BL/6J mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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9
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The effects of 12-week psyllium fibre supplementation or healthy diet on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in overweight and obese individuals. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:725-34. [PMID: 21787454 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511003497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness occur early in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and they are both powerful independent predictors of cardiovascular risk. A high-fibre diet has been correlated with lower BMI and a lower incidence of hyperlipidaemia, CVD, hypertension and diabetes. The present randomised, parallel-design study compared the effects of fibre intake from a healthy diet v. fibre supplement diets on blood pressure (BP) and vascular function over 12 weeks. Overweight and obese adults were randomised to one of three groups: control (with placebo), fibre supplement (FIB) or healthy eating group with placebo (HLT). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was lower in the FIB group compared with the control group at week 6, but not at week 12. However, SBP was lower in the HLT group compared with control group at week 12. At week 6, the FIB group presented lower diastolic blood pressure and augmentation index compared with the control group, but this result did not persist to the end of the study. The present study did not show any improvements in BP or vascular function in overweight and obese individuals with psyllium fibre supplementation over 12 weeks of intervention. However, a healthy diet provided the greatest improvements in BP in overweight and obese subjects. Further research with hypertensive individuals is necessary to elucidate whether increased fibre consumption in the form of psyllium supplementation may provide a safe and acceptable means to reduce BP, vascular function and the risk of developing CVD.
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Salgado JM, de Oliveira AGC, Mansi DN, Donado-Pestana CM, Bastos CR, Marcondes FK. The Role of Black Rice (Oryza sativaL.) in the Control of Hypercholesterolemia in Rats. J Med Food 2010; 13:1355-62. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelem Mastrodi Salgado
- Department of Agroindustry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Niero Mansi
- Department of Agroindustry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos M. Donado-Pestana
- Department of Agroindustry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Contribution of diet and major depression to incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:133. [PMID: 21087475 PMCID: PMC2994859 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant improvements in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD), it is still a major cause of mortality and morbidity among the Iranian population. Epidemiological studies have documented that risk factors including smoking and the biochemical profile are responsible for the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Psychological factors have been discussed as potential risk factors for coronary heart disease. Among emotional factors, depression correlates with coronary heart disease, particularly myocardial infarction. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 120 cases (69 males and 51 females) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 120 controls, with a mean age of 62.48 ± 15.39 years. Cases and controls were matched by age, residence and sex. RESULTS The results revealed that severe depression was independently associated with the risk of AMI (P = 0.025, OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-5.8). The analysis of variables indicated that risk factors for developing depression were unmarried, low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total dietary fiber (TDF) and carbohydrates. The levels of these dietary factors were lowest in severely depressed patients compared to those categorised as moderate or mild cases. Furthermore, severely depressed subjects were associated with higher levels of total cholesterol, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) and WHR. Age, income, a family history of coronary heart disease, education level, sex, employment and smoking were not associated with severe depression. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that severe depression symptoms are independent risk factors for AMI. Furthermore, severe depression was associated with an unhealthy diet and AMI risk factors.
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Rosenthal T, Younis F, Alter A. Combating Combination of Hypertension and Diabetes in Different Rat Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:916-939. [PMID: 27713282 PMCID: PMC4034014 DOI: 10.3390/ph3040916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat experimental models are used extensively for studying physiological mechanisms and treatments of hypertension and diabetes co-existence. Each one of these conditions is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the combination of the two conditions is a potent enhancer of CVD. Five major animal models that advanced our understanding of the mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in humans are discussed in this review: Zucker, Goto-Kakizaki, SHROB, SHR/NDmcr-cp and Cohen Rosenthal diabetic hypertensive (CRDH) rats. The use of various drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACEIs), various angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs), to combat the effects of concomitant pathologies on the combination of diabetes and hypertension, as well as the non-pharmacological approach are reviewed in detail for each rat model. Results from experiments on these models indicate that classical factors contributing to the pathology of hypertension and diabetes combination—Including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia—can now be treated, although these treatments do not completely prevent renal complications. Animal studies have focused on several mechanisms involved in hypertension/diabetes that remain to be translated into clinical medicine, including hypoxia, oxidative stress, and advanced glycation. Several target molecules have been identified that need to be incorporated into a treatment modality. The challenge continues to be the identification and interpretation of the clinical evidence from the animal models and their application to human treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talma Rosenthal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Firas Younis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Ariela Alter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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Sánchez D, Quiñones M, Moulay L, Muguerza B, Miguel M, Aleixandre A. Changes in arterial blood pressure of a soluble cocoa fiber product in spontaneously hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:1493-1501. [PMID: 20050664 DOI: 10.1021/jf902080b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect produced by long-term intake of a soluble cocoa fiber product (SCFP) on the development of hypertension of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was evaluated. Twenty male 3-week-old SHR were divided into two groups of 10 animals that drank either tap water (control) or a solution of SCFP (0.75 g/day SCFP) until the 20th week of life. Five 20-week-old rats of each group were sacrificed. Tap water as drinking fluid was given to all the animals from the 20th to 24th week of life. The 24-week-old rats were also sacrificed. Body weight, liquid and dry food intake, and arterial blood pressure (tail cuff) were recorded weekly. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in the plasma from the sacrificed rats were also obtained, and we evaluated the relaxation caused by acetylcholine in the aorta from these animals. SCFP attenuated the development of hypertension in SHR; however, the withdrawal of SCFP caused an increase in blood pressure in the rats. Body weight gain was slower in the group treated with SCFP. SCFP increased liquid intake but decreased dry food intake in the rats. SCFP decreased plasma MDA concentrations and slightly decreased plasma ACE activity, but no differences were observed in plasma glucose and in the aorta responses to acetylcholine in both groups of 20-week-old SHR. We have demonstrated the antihypertensive and antioxidant properties of SCFP. The control of body weight and the control of increased angiotensin II may be involved in the antihypertensive effect of this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avda Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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14
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De Angelis M, Damiano N, Rizzello CG, Cassone A, Di Cagno R, Gobbetti M. Sourdough fermentation as a tool for the manufacture of low-glycemic index white wheat bread enriched in dietary fibre. Eur Food Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-009-1085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Araki S, Ito K, Aoe S, Ikegami S. Physiological Functions of Barley and the Health Claims on Food Labels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.67.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Yoo YS, Lee KS, Cho KH, Kim DH, Park CH, Lee SH, Lee JH. Effect of Barley on Variation of Blood Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Korean J Fam Med 2009. [DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.10.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yeun-Seok Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Shik Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hae Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Patade A, Devareddy L, Lucas EA, Korlagunta K, Daggy BP, Arjmandi BH. Flaxseed Reduces Total and LDL Cholesterol Concentrations in Native American Postmenopausal Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2008; 17:355-66. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2007.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Patade
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Latha Devareddy
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Edralin A. Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Kiranmayi Korlagunta
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Bruce P. Daggy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Bahram H. Arjmandi
- Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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Guevara MA, Bauer LL, Abbas CA, Beery KE, Holzgraefe DP, Cecava MJ, Fahey GC. Chemical composition, in vitro fermentation characteristics, and in vivo digestibility responses by dogs to select corn fibers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:1619-1626. [PMID: 18275146 DOI: 10.1021/jf073073b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to examine the chemical composition, in vitro fermentation characteristics, and in vivo digestibility responses of fiber-rich corn coproducts resulting from corn wet milling. Native corn fibers, native corn fibers with fines, hydrolyzed corn fibers, and hydrolyzed extracted corn fibers were analyzed chemically and their capacity to produce short-chain fatty acids determined. Ash content was low (<1.2%), crude protein content varied little, but fat and fiber concentrations varied widely. Most fiber was in the insoluble form, with glucose being predominant followed by xylose. Total short-chain fatty acid production ranged from 211.6 to 699.52 micromol/g of dry matter, whereas branched-chain fatty acid production was low. Four corn fibers (native and processed) were included in a canine diet matrix at the 7% inclusion level. Nutrient digestibility, food intake, and fecal characteristics were not affected by corn fiber inclusion in canine diets, suggesting that they should be considered as potential dietary fiber sources in dog foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcial A Guevara
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 132 Animal Sciences Laboratory, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Galisteo M, Duarte J, Zarzuelo A. Effects of dietary fibers on disturbances clustered in the metabolic syndrome. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 19:71-84. [PMID: 17618108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Because of its growing prevalence in Western countries, the metabolic syndrome, a common metabolic disorder that clusters a constellation of abnormalities, including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, is emerging as one of the most important public health problems in the world, taking into account that it is a major risk factor mainly for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and also for many types of cancer. Although the pathogenesis of this syndrome is complex and not fully understood, obesity and insulin resistance, accompanied by an altered profile of number of hormones and cytokines produced by the adipose tissue, seem to be the main causative agents. A prime therapeutic approach to the prevention and treatment of this syndrome involves lifestyle changes. Among dietary modifications, dietary fiber intake could play an interesting role in the management of metabolic syndrome through different mechanisms related to its dietary sources, specific chemical structure and physical properties, or fermentability in the gut. According to all of these variables, the different types of dietary fibers have been reported to take part in the control of body weight, glucose and lipid homeostasis, insulin sensitivity and in the regulation of many inflammation markers involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, and which are also considered to be among its features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Galisteo
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBEREHD, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Ruvini L, Hashimoto N, Han KH, Kajiura T, Watanabe S, Shimada KI, Sekikawa M, Ohba K, Fukushima M. Some bovine proteins behave as dietary fibres and reduce serum lipids in rats. Br J Nutr 2007; 97:898-905. [PMID: 17381983 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507665209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We examined the physiological importance of bovine dietary proteins in rats fed diets prepared from bovine Achilles' tendons and arteries. Rats were fed for 4 weeks, with a 20 % casein diet (CON), in comparison with two diets containing 15 % casein and 5 % of either bovine Achilles' tendon (AC) or artery (AR) protein preparations. The serum total cholesterol concentration and non-HDL-cholesterol level in the AR-fed group were significantly lower (P < 0·05) than those in the CON-fed group at the end of the 4-week feeding period. The hepatic mRNA were measured, and the hydroxyl methyl glutaryl-CoA reductase mRNA level was significantly lower (P < 0·05) in the AR-fed group compared with the CON-fed group. Total hepatic cholesterol concentration in AC-fed rats was significantly (P < 0·05) higher than in the CON-fed group. The serum TAG concentration and fatty acid synthase mRNA level in AC- and AR-fed groups were significantly lower (P < 0·05) compared with the CON-fed group throughout the feeding period. Faecal neutral sterol excretion was significantly (P < 0·05) higher in the AC- and AR-fed groups compared with the CON-fed group. The results of the present study demonstrate that some bovine dietary proteins have similar functions as dietary fibres, lowering serum lipid concentration by enhancing faecal neutral sterol excretion or suppressing lipid synthesis in the liver. Moreover, favourable amino acid compositions in the AR and AC preparations may also have a lowering effect on plasma lipid concentration in bovine protein diet-fed groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyanage Ruvini
- Department of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Vitali D, Vedrina Dragojević I, Šebečić B, Vujić L. Impact of modifying tea–biscuit composition on phytate levels and iron content and availability. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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