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Sawa C, Yofu S, Kiriyama K, Sutoh K, Saito T, Kishi S, Gunji M, Inoue Y, Sugi M, Shioda S, Honda K. High concentration of extracellular nucleotides suppresses cell growth via delayed cell cycle progression in cancer and noncancer cell lines. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08318. [PMID: 34816032 PMCID: PMC8593434 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis frequently occurs in malignant tumors, showing rapid growth and invasion. This phenomenon is generally regarded as simple ischemic necrosis due to insufficient tumor vessels and blood supply. However, the necrotic tissue contains high amount of nuclear substances, DNA, and nucleoproteins that may affect the surrounding tumor cells by promoting or suppressing the tumor cell growth in vivo. This study focused on the effects of an externally administered water-soluble nuclear crude extract (SNE) containing nuclear protein and oligonucleotides on several human cancer and noncancer cell lines. The results demonstrated that the SNE suppressed cell growth in cancer and noncancer cells in vitro. Through the flow cytometry analysis of the nuclear DNA content, it was observed that the SNE increased and decreased cell proportion in the S and G2/M phases, respectively, thereby suggesting that the cell growth inhibition was due to cell cycle delay, and not due to apoptosis. These studies suggest that the high-concentration of extracellular nucleotides generated as a result of tumor necrosis and/or released from infiltrated neutrophils could suppress the growth of surrounding cancer and intrinsic cells, which provides us some insights into an alternative anticancer strategy for patients with highly malignant necrotic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Sawa
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yofu
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Tomomi Saito
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Kishi
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Gunji
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Inoue
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuho Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Dietary Nucleotides Retard Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093279. [PMID: 34579157 PMCID: PMC8472005 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest an inhibitory role of dietary nucleotides (NTs) against oxidative stress and inflammation, which promote senescence in age-associated cardiovascular diseases. We sought to test whether the dietary NTs could retard the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced senescence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to elucidate the efficiency of different NTs as well as the potential mechanism. Senescence was induced in HUVECs by 4 h exposure to 200 µM H2O2 and was confirmed using senescence-associated-β-galactosidase staining (SA-β-gal), cell viability, and Western blot analyses of p16INK4A and p21Waf1/Cip1 after 24 h administration of growth medium. We find that NTs retards oxidative stress-induced HUVECs senescence, as shown by a lower percentage of SA-β-gal-positive cells, lower expression of p16INK4A, and p21Waf1/Cip1 as well as higher cell viability. GMP100 was the most excellent in delaying HUVECs senescence, which was followed by the NTs mixture, NMN, CMP50, and UMP50/100, while AMP retards HUVECs senescence by specifically reducing p15INK4b expression. NTs all have significant anti-inflammatory effects; AMP and CMP were more prominent in restoring mitochondrial function, GMP and CMP were more competent at eliminating ROS and MDA, while AMP and UMP were more efficient at enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity. The role of the NTs mixture in retarding HUVECs senescence is full-scaled. These results stated that the mechanisms of NTs retarding HUVECs senescence could be related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties promoting cell proliferation and protecting mitochondrial function activities.
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Wang J, Pan X, Wu W, Cao M, Dong P, Liang X. Nucleic acids digestion by enzymes in the stomach of snakehead (Channa argus) and banded grouper (Epinephelus awoara). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:127-136. [PMID: 27531133 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary nucleic acids (NAs) were important nutrients. However, the digestion of NAs in stomach has not been studied. In this study, the digestion of NAs by enzymes from fish stomach was investigated. The snakehead pepsins (SP) which were the main enzymes in stomach were extracted and purified. The purity of SP was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and HPLC. The snakehead pepsin 2 (SP2) which was the main component in the extracts was used for investigating the protein and NAs digestion activity. SP2 could digest NAs, including λ DNA and salmon sperm DNA. Interestingly, the digestion could be inhibited by treatment of alkaline solution at pH 8.0 and pepstatin A, and the digestion could happen either in the presence or absence of hemoglobin (Hb) and BSA as the protein substrates. Similarly, the stomach enzymes of banded grouper also showed the NAs digestion activity. NAs could be digested by the stomach enzymes of snakehead and banded grouper. It may be helpful for understanding both animal nutrition and NAs metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Innovation and Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Innovation and Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoming Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Minjie Cao
- College of Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for Aquaculture and Food Safety, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ping Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xingguo Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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Shen X, Nagai N, Murata M, Nishimura D, Sugi M, Munekata M. Development of salmon milt DNA/salmon collagen composite for wound dressing. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:3473-3479. [PMID: 18592347 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to develop a novel wound dressing comprising salmon milt DNA (sDNA) and salmon collagen (SC). The sDNA/SC composites were prepared by incubating a mixture of an acidic SC solution, an sDNA solution, and a collagen fibrillogenesis inducing buffer (pH 6.8) containing a crosslinking agent (water-soluble carbodiimide) for gelation, and a subsequent ventilation-drying process to give sDNA/SC films. The conjugation between sDNA and SC were confirmed by sDNA-elution assay and fluorescence microscopy. The sDNA/SC films with various doses of sDNA (sDNA/SC weight ratios of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20) were used for in vitro cell cultures to evaluate their growth potentials of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). It was found that NHDF proliferation was increased by sDNA conjugation, whereas NHEK proliferation was dose-dependently inhibited. In light of the in vitro results, the appropriate dose of sDNA for in vivo study was determined to be the ratio of 1:10. For the implantation in full-thickness skin defects in rat dorsal region, the sDNA/SC films were reinforced by incorporating them on a porous SC sponge, because the sDNA/SC films exhibited early contraction and inadequate morphologic stability when implanted in vivo. The regenerated tissue in the sDNA/SC sponge group showed similar morphology to native dermis, while the SC sponge group without sDNA showed epithelial overgrowth, indicating that additional sDNA could reduce epidermal overgrowth. Furthermore, blood capillary formation was significantly enhanced in the sDNA/SC sponge group when compared to the SC sponge group. In conclusion, the results suggest that the sDNA/SC composite could be a potential wound dressing for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- XuanRi Shen
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13-W8, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
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