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Akhigbe R, Odetayo A, Akhigbe T, Hamed M, Ashonibare P. Pathophysiology and management of testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury: Lessons from animal models. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27760. [PMID: 38694115 PMCID: PMC11058307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion is a urological emergency that involves the twisting of the spermatic cord along its course. Compelling pieces of evidence have implicated oxidative stress-sensitive signaling in pathogenesis of testicular I/R injury. Although, surgical detorsion is the mainstay management; blockade of the pathways involved in the pathogenesis may improve the surgical outcome. Experimental studies using various testicular I/R models have been reported in a bid to explore the mechanisms associated with testicular I/R and evaluate the benefits of potential therapeutic measures; however, most are limited by their shortcomings. Thus, this review was intended to describe the details of the available testicular I/R models as well as their merits and drawbacks, the pathophysiological basis and consequences of testicular I/R, and the pharmacological agents that have being proposed to confer testicular benefits against testicular I/R. This provides an understanding of the pathophysiological events and available models used in studying testicular I/R. In addition, this research provides evidence-based molecules with therapeutic potentials as well as their mechanisms of action in testicular I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.E. Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - A.F. Odetayo
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - T.M. Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Breeding and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Agronomy, Osun State University, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - M.A. Hamed
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- The Brainwill Laboratory, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - P.J. Ashonibare
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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Effects of Lipoic Acid on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5093216. [PMID: 34650663 PMCID: PMC8510805 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5093216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury often occurred in some pathologies and surgeries. I/R injury not only harmed to physiological functions of corresponding organ and tissue but also induced multiple tissue or organ dysfunctions (even these in distant locations). Although the reperfusion of blood attenuated I/R injury to a certain degree, the risk of secondary damages was difficult to be controlled and it even caused failures of these tissues and organs. Lipoic acid (LA), as an endogenous active substance and a functional agent in food, owns better safety and effects in our body (e.g., enhancing antioxidant activity, improving cognition and dementia, controlling weight, and preventing multiple sclerosis, diabetes complication, and cancer). The literature searching was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and SCOPUS from inception to 20 May 2021. It had showed that endogenous LA was exhausted in the process of I/R, which further aggravated I/R injury. Thus, supplements with LA timely (especially pretreatments) may be the prospective way to prevent I/R injury. Recently, studies had demonstrated that LA supplements significantly attenuated I/R injuries of many organs, though clinic investigations were short at present. Hence, it was urgent to summarize these progresses about the effects of LA on different I/R organs as well as the potential mechanisms, which would enlighten further investigations and prepare for clinic applications in the future.
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The investigation of the protective effects of nimesulide on experimental testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Rev Int Androl 2020; 18:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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The Protective Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Coenzyme Q10 Combination on Ovarian Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: An Experimental Study. Adv Med 2016; 2016:3415046. [PMID: 27597986 PMCID: PMC5002467 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3415046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. This study aims to evaluate whether alpha-lipoic acid and/or coenzyme Q10 can protect the prepubertal ovarian tissue from ischemia-reperfusion injury in an experimental rat model of ovarian torsion. Materials and Methods. Forty-two female preadolescent Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 6 equal groups randomly. The sham group had laparotomy without torsion; the other groups had torsion/detorsion procedure. After undergoing torsion, group 2 received saline, group 3 received olive oil, group 4 received alpha-lipoic acid, group 5 received coenzyme Q10, and group 6 received both alpha-lipoic acid and coenzyme Q10 orally. The oxidant-antioxidant statuses of these groups were compared using biochemical measurement of oxidized/reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde, pathological evaluation of damage and apoptosis within the ovarian tissue, and immunohistochemical assessment of nitric oxide synthase. Results. The left ovaries of the alpha-lipoic acid + coenzyme Q10 group had significantly lower apoptosis scores and significantly higher nitric oxide synthase content than the left ovaries of the control groups. The alpha-lipoic acid + coenzyme Q10 group had significantly higher glutathione peroxidase levels and serum malondialdehyde concentrations than the sham group. Conclusions. The combination of alpha-lipoic acid and coenzyme Q10 has beneficial effects on oxidative stress induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury related to ovarian torsion.
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Lebda M, Gad S, Gaafar H. Effects of lipoic Acid on acrylamide induced testicular damage. Mater Sociomed 2014; 26:208-12. [PMID: 25126019 PMCID: PMC4130687 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2014.26.208-212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acrylamide is very toxic to various organs and associated with significant increase of oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidants. Alpha-lipoic acid enhances cellular antioxidant defense capacity, thereby protecting cells from oxidative stress. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of alpha-lipoic acid on the oxidative damage induced by acrylamide in testicular and epididymal tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty adult male rats were divided into four groups (10 rats each). Control group; acrylamide treated group administered acrylamide 0.05% (w/v) in drinking water for 21 days; alpha-lipoic acid group received basal diet supplemented with 1% alpha-lipoic acid and forth group was exposed to acrylamide and treated with alpha-lipoic acid at the same doses and treatment regimen mentioned before. RESULTS The administration of acrylamide resulted in significant elevation in testicular and epididymal malondialdehyde level (MDA) and significant reduction in the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR). Also, acrylamide significantly reduced serum total testosterone and progesterone but increased estradiol (E2) levels. Treatment with alpha-lipoic acid prior to acrylamide induced protective effects and attenuated these biochemical changes. CONCLUSION Alpha-lipoic acid has been shown to possess antioxidant properties offering promising efficacy against oxidative stress induced by acrylamide administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Shereen Gad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hossam Gaafar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Ozbal S, Ergur BU, Erbil G, Tekmen I, Bagrıyanık A, Cavdar Z. The effects of α-lipoic acid against testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in Rats. ScientificWorldJournal 2012. [PMID: 23193380 PMCID: PMC3488399 DOI: 10.1100/2012/489248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion is one of the urologic emergencies occurring frequently in neonatal and adolescent period. Testis is sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion injury, and, therefore, ischemia and consecutive reperfusion cause an enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species that result in testicular cell damage and apoptosis. α-lipoic acid is a free radical scavenger and a biological antioxidant. It is widely used in the prevention of oxidative stress and cellular damage. We aimed to investigate the protective effect of α-lipoic acid on testicular damage in rats subjected to testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. 35 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, sham operated, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion, and ischemia-reperfusion +lipoic acid groups, 2 h torsion and 2 h detorsion of the testis were performed. Testicular cell damage was examined by H-E staining. TUNEL and active caspase-3 immunostaining were used to detect germ cell apoptosis. GPx , SOD activity, and MDA levels were evaluated. Histological evaluation showed that α-lipoic acid pretreatment reduced testicular cell damage and decreased TUNEL and caspase-3-positive cells. Additionally, α-lipoic acid administration decreased the GPx and SOD activity and increased the MDA levels. The present results suggest that LA is a potentially beneficial agent in protecting testicular I/R in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Ozbal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University Inciralti, 35340 İzmir, Turkey.
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Sugiyama A, Chiba M, Nakagami T, Kawano S, Sanada Y, Tajiri T, Toki A. Beneficial effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on ischemia-reperfusion testicular injury in rats. J Pediatr Surg 2012; 47:1427-32. [PMID: 22813808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups. A sham operation was performed on the animals in group 1. In group 2, after 4 hours of unilateral testicular ischemia, 4 hours of testicular reperfusion was performed with EGCG administered 1 hour before reperfusion. In group 3, the same surgical procedure as in group 2 was performed, but without EGCG. Serum superoxide dismutase activity, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were then measured in blood samples from groups 1 to 3. In group 4, after 4 hours of unilateral testicular ischemia, testicular reperfusion was performed. In group 5, the same procedure as in group 4 was performed, but with EGCG administered 1 hour before reperfusion. For groups 4 and 5, bilateral orchiectomy was performed for histologic examination 4 weeks after reperfusion was started. RESULTS Serum superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 3. The ratios of bilateral testicular weight, mean seminiferous tubule diameter, and germinal epithelial cell thickness were significantly higher in group 5 than in group 4. CONCLUSIONS Therapy with EGCG before reperfusion might exert protective effects via antioxidant activities in a rat experimental model of testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Sugiyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Showa University Hospital, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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Othman AI, El-Missiry MA, Koriem KM, El-Sayed AA. Alfa-lipoic acid protects testosterone secretion pathway and sperm quality against 4-tert-octylphenol induced reproductive toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 81:76-83. [PMID: 22560493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of α-lipoic acid (LA) (50 mg/kg bw) against 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) (50 mg/kg bw) induced reproductive toxicity in male rats was studied. LA was injected 1h prior to OP administration three times a week. OP caused significant increase in oxidative stress in hypothalamus and epididymal sperm, disturbed hormonal levels in serum, decreased sperm quality, increased DNA fragmentation and loss of 35 and 95 kDa proteins in sperm, as well as elevated proliferating index in testis. LA protected against oxidative stress through promoting the levels of glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase in hypothalamus and sperm. In addition, LA prevented the decrease in testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and inhibited the elevations in sex-hormone-binding globulin levels and showed normal sperm quality. LA modulated proliferation of germ cell, protected against DNA fragmentation and maintained membrane protein organization in the sperm. In conclusion, LA normalized oxidative stress and protected testosterone synthesis pathway across hypothalamus-testicular axis and sperm quality indicating its defensive influence against OP-induced oxidative reproductive dysfunction in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza I Othman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Leitão JPDV, Santos JMV, Vasconcelos RCD, Garcia JHP, Vasconcelos PRLD, Guimarães SB. L-alanyl-glutamine dipeptide pretreatment attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat testis. Acta Cir Bras 2012; 26 Suppl 1:21-5. [PMID: 21971652 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502011000700005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of alanyl-glutamine dipeptide (L-Ala-Gln) pre-treatment on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury after unilateral testicular torsion-detorsion in a comparative controlled experiment. METHODS Forty-eight rats (150-200 g) randomly distributed into 4 groups (n=12), and distributed in 2 subgroups (n=6) each, were treated with saline 2.0 ml (G-1, G-3) or L-Ala-Gln 20%, 0.75g/kg dissolved in saline (total volume 2.0 ml) administered in the left saphenous vein 30 minutes before ischemia. Anesthetized rats were subjected to I/R induced by torsion (720°) of the right spermatic cord lasting 1h (G-1, G-2) or 3 hours (G-3, G4). Anesthesia was again applied at the end of ischemia time (T-0) for testis detorsion and 6 hours later (T-6) for orchiectomy. All operations were performed on the right testes through transverse scrotal incisions. Right orchiectomy was carried out at the end of ischemia (T-0), and 6 hours later (T-6) to evaluate the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the testis. RESULTS Pretreatment with L-Ala-Gln reduced MDA contents in rat testis at the end of ischemia lasting 3 hours. There was significant increase of GSH levels in T-6 time-point after 1 hour of ischemia. GSH levels also increased in T-0 and T-6 time-points in rats subjected to ischemia for 3 hours. CONCLUSION L-Ala-Gln administered before torsion/detorsion of the spermatic cord decreases lipid peroxidation during ischemia and protects the testis from oxidative stress by upregulating GSH levels during reperfusion.
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Guimarães SB, Santos JMV, Aragão AA, Kimura OS, Silveira ER, Vasconcelos PRLD. Ternatin pretreatment attenuates testicular injury induced by torsion/detorsion in Wistar rats. Acta Cir Bras 2012; 26:325-8. [PMID: 21808848 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502011000400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the possible protective role of the bioflavonoid ternatin (TTN) when administered before induction of ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat testis. METHODS Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=12), divided in 2 subgroups (n=6). Saline 2.0ml (G-1), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) 3% solution (G-2) or TTN 12 mg/kg/dose (G-3) was administered ip. to all rats, respectively, 21, 12 and 1 hour before torsion. Anesthetized rats were subjected to ischemia (3 hours) induced by 720º torsion of the spermatic cord. Right testis and arterial blood samples were collected at the end of ischemia (T-0), and 3 hours later (T-3) for assessment of testis malonaldehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and plasma total antioxidant power (TAP). RESULTS MDA decreased significantly (p<0,001) in G-2 and G-3 in T-0 and T-3 timepoints. Additional decrease in MDA was seen in G-3 after 3 hours of reperfusion (T-3). GSH increased significantly in G-2 (p<0.001) and G-3 (p<0.05) at the end the ischemia (T-0). A significant increase in GSH was seen 3 hours after testis detorsion (T-3) in G-2 rats. TAP values remained unchanged. CONCLUSION The data provides in vivo evidence of the antiperoxidative and antioxidative properties of TTN in torted rat testis.
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Topol T, Schuler C, Leggett RE, Hydery T, Benyamin S, Levin RM. Effect of solifenacin with and without antioxidant supplements on the response to experimental outlet obstruction and overactive bladder dysfunction in rabbits: Part 1. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Guimarães SB, Kimura OS, Vasconcelos PRLD. Dimethylsulfoxide attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat testis. Acta Cir Bras 2011; 25:357-61. [PMID: 20676495 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502010000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the protective role of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in a rat model of testis ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomized in two equal groups. Control rats (G-1) received saline 2.0 ml intraperitoneally (ip) 21, 9 and 1 h before torsion. Experimental rats (G-2) received ip injections of 3% aqueous solution of DMSO, 0.1ml/10g body weight. Saline was added to complete 2.0ml when necessary. I/R injury was induced in anesthetized rats by torsion of the right testis lasting 3 hours. Testis and blood samples were collected at the end of ischemia (T-0) and 3 hours later (T-3) for assessment of testis malonaldehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and plasma total antioxidant power (TAP). RESULTS MDA levels decreased significantly in G-2 rats compared with G-1 animals in all time-points. GSH levels increased significantly in T-0 and T-3 time-points in DMSO pretreated rats compared with G-1 rats. GSH levels increased significantly during reperfusion in G-2 rats. TAP was similar in both groups denoting absence of systemic effects in this study. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with DMSO reduces testis lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress caused by torsion/detorsion of the testis.
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Hugo Nogueira V, Vila F, Osório L, Cavadas V, Teves F, Sabel F, Oliveira M, Branco F, La Fuente Carvalho JM, Marcelo F. Torção do cordão espermático: aspectos de diagnóstico e terapêutica. Rev Int Androl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1698-031x(09)70259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Torsion of the testis is a medical emergency that is most commonly encountered in adolescents. Patients usually present with sudden onset scrotal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. On physical examination the involved testis is tender, high riding and usually horizontal. The cremasteric reflex is usually absent. If left untreated irreversible ischaemia starts appearing in 6 h. Doppler ultrasound is the diagnostic imaging of choice. The ideal treatment is surgical exploration and orchidectomy with contralateral orchidopexy or bilateral orchidopexy depending on the condition of the affected testis. If surgical options are delayed then manual detorsion should be attempted.
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Effect of co-enzyme Q10 and alpha-lipoic acid on response of rabbit urinary bladder to repetitive stimulation and in vitro ischemia. Urology 2008; 72:214-9. [PMID: 18280551 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA), either alone or in combination, to protect the contractile responses of the rabbit urinary bladder from damage caused by repetitive stimulation in the presence or absence of in vitro ischemia. METHODS Four groups of New Zealand white rabbits (4 per group) were treated with vehicle (group 1), CoQ10 (group 2), alpha-LA (group 3), or CoQ10 plus alpha-LA (group 4) for 2 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, eight longitudinal strips from each rabbit bladder body were placed in oxygenated Tyrode's solution with glucose (normal physiologic medium). The strips were stimulated by field stimulation, carbachol, and KCl, and the responses were recorded. One half of the strips were switched for 1 hour to Tyrode's solution with no glucose equilibrated with nitrogen (ischemia medium). Simultaneously, all strips were subjected to 1 h of repetitive field stimulation followed by 1 hour of recovery in normal physiologic medium, and the responses to all stimuli were recorded again. RESULTS CoQ10 showed no protective effect. Alpha-LA resulted in increased contractile responses of the control bladder and showed a moderate protective effect for all forms of stimulation. The combination, however, showed a significantly greater increase in the contraction of the control bladder and a greater protective effect than alpha-LA alone. CONCLUSIONS The combination of alpha-LA and CoQ10 treatment enhanced the contractile response in normal medium and diminished the contractile dysfunction induced by repetitive field stimulation and ischemia.
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COSAR E, SAHIN FK, KÖKEN G, TOY H, BASARALI K, BÜYÜKBAS S. The protective effect of α-lipoic acid in experimental ovarian ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2007; 47:499-503. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.2007.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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