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Intestinal ischemic reperfusion injury: Recommended rats model and comprehensive review for protective strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111482. [PMID: 33740527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemic reperfusion injury (IIRI) is a life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality in the clinic. IIRI was induced by intestinal ischemic diseases such as, small bowel transplantation, aortic aneurysm surgery, and strangulated hernias. Although related mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, during the last decade, researches have demonstrated that many factors are crucial in the pathological process, including oxidative stress (OS), epithelial barrier function disorder, and so on. Rats model, as the most applied animal IIRI model, provides specific targets for researches and therapeutic strategies. Moreover, various treatment strategies such as, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation, have shown promising effects in alleviating IIRI. However, current researches cannot solve the clinical problems of IIRI, and specific treatment strategies are still needed to be exploited. This review focuses on a recommended experimental IIRI rat model and understanding of the involved mechanisms such as, OS, gut bacteria translocation, apoptosis, and necroptosis, aim at providing novel ideas for therapeutic strategies of IIRI.
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Luo H, Zheng J, Chen Y, Wang T, Zhang Z, Shan Y, Xu J, Yue M, Fang W, Li X. Utility Evaluation of Porcine Enteroids as PDCoV Infection Model in vitro. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:821. [PMID: 32390999 PMCID: PMC7191032 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel emerging enteric coronavirus found in pigs. Intestinal enteroids, which partially recreate the structure and function of intestinal villi-crypts, have many physiological similarities to the intestinal tissues in vivo. Enteroids exhibit advantages in studying the interactions between intestines and enteric pathogens. To create a novel infection model for PDCoV, we developed an in vitro system to generate porcine intestinal enteroids from crypts of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of pigs. Enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, Paneth cells, stem cells, proliferating cells, and goblet cells were found in the differentiated enteroids. Replication of PDCoV was detected in the cultured enteroids by immunofluorescence and quantitative RT-PCR. Double immunofluorescence labeling demonstrated that PDCoV was present in Sox9-positive intestinal cells and Villin1-positive enterocytes. There were multiple cellular responses shown as changes of transcription of genes related to mucosal immunity, antiviral genes, and marker genes of stem cells and other cells in the enteroids infected with PDCoV. We conclude that the 2-D enteroids derived from porcine jejunum can be used as an in vitro multicellular model for the investigation of pathogenesis and host immune responses to porcine enteric pathogens, such as PDCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyou Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingjun Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenning Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Shan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jidong Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yue
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Prieto-Moure B, Cejalvo-Lapeña D, Belda-Antolí M, Padrón-Sanz C, Lloris-Cejalvo JM, Lloris-Carsí JM. Combination Therapy of Allopurinol and Dantrolene and Its Role In The Prevention of Experimental Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Of The Small Intestine. J INVEST SURG 2020; 34:800-807. [PMID: 31906750 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2019.1696904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of different drugs on ischemia and reperfusion (I/R; induced oxygen free radical damage) was examined in small bowel tissue because the intestine is extremely sensitive to this pathology. Different drugs (allopurinol and dantrolene) can remove oxygen free radicals or inhibit the mechanisms leading to their generation, thus reducing mucosal lesions. We investigated the protective potential of combination therapy in the intestine against I/R damage. METHODS Forty-eight male Wistar rats were separated into 8 groups: one sham (control), one I/R (ischemia 60 min + reperfusion at 24 h), and 6 groups treated with allopurinol, dantrolene, or combination therapy. The grade of injury in the small bowel was established by the lipid peroxidation (MDA) and antioxidant enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in tissue samples. Moreover, the collected samples were subjected to histological study. RESULTS Combination therapy preserved normal enzymatic levels compared to the I/R groups (p < 0.05) for all parameters studied. The animals treated with combination therapy showed less severe small bowel damage than I/R group in accordance with the histological results. CONCLUSIONS Results obtained in the experimental process indicate that the administration of antioxidants protects against intestinal damage by I/R. Overall, combination therapy may protect intestinal tissue from I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Prieto-Moure
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, European University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Cejalvo-Lapeña
- Research Group "Identification Therapeutic and Experimental Evaluation of Natural Products Bioprotectors," Faculty of Medicine and Experimental, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariola Belda-Antolí
- Research Group "Identification Therapeutic and Experimental Evaluation of Natural Products Bioprotectors," Faculty of Medicine and Experimental, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Padrón-Sanz
- Research Group "Identification Therapeutic and Experimental Evaluation of Natural Products Bioprotectors," Faculty of Medicine and Experimental, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miguel Lloris-Cejalvo
- Research Group "Identification Therapeutic and Experimental Evaluation of Natural Products Bioprotectors," Faculty of Medicine and Experimental, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Effects of Supplementation of Branches and Leaves Trimmed from Tea Plant on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Meat Composition of Nanjiang Yellow Goats. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090590. [PMID: 31438584 PMCID: PMC6769452 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The effects of supplementation of branches and leaves trimmed from tea tree (BLTT) on growth performance, rumen fermentation characteristics and meat composition of fattening Nanjiang Yellow goats were studied. Supplementation of 4% BLTT increased final body weight of goats and also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, while glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde followed the quadratic curve. Quadratic curves were also observed for villus height, crypt depth and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum. The quadratic effect was obtained for total essential amino acids, and individual amino acids threonine and leucine. Supplementation of 4% BLTT decreased the saturated fatty acid C16:0, and a quadratic effect was observed for polyunsaturated fatty acid C18:3 (n−3). From the present study, it is concluded that BLTT supplementation has a positive effect on body antioxidative status, gastrointestinal development, rumen fermentation characteristics and overall hence growth performance and meat composition in goats. Abstract Thirty-two 6-month-old, healthy Nanjiang Yellow goats (34.6 ± 4.16 kg) were randomly divided into four treatments to evaluate the supplementary effects of branches and leaves trimmed from tea tree (BLTT) on growth performance, rumen fermentation characteristics, and meat composition in fattening goats. The control goats were fed a basal diet. Treatments 1, 2 and 3 were fed 2%, 4% and 6% of BLTT respectively. After a 60 d feeding trial, blood samples were collected for the analysis of the antioxidant profile and goats were slaughtered to obtain the rumen fluid and carcass samples for determination of rumen fermentation characteristics and meat composition perameters. Increased final body weight was observed in goats fed 4% BLTT compared with control. The activity of superoxide dismutase was increased in the 4% BLTT-treated group, while glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde followed the quadratic curve. Quadratic curves were also observed for villus height, crypt depth and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum. The quadratic effect was obtained for total essential amino acids, and individual amino acids threonine and leucine. The saturated fatty acid C16:0 was decreased with 4% of BLTT supplementation, and a quadratic effect was observed for polyunsaturated fatty acid C18:3 (n−3). To sum up, our findings revealed that BLTT supplementation has a positive effect on body antioxidative status, gastrointestinal development, rumen fermentation characteristics and overall growth performance and meat quality in goats.
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Epicatechin Gallate Protects HBMVECs from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Ameliorating Apoptosis and Autophagy and Promoting Neovascularization. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7824684. [PMID: 30962864 PMCID: PMC6431361 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7824684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Green tea is one of the most beverages with antioxidants and nutrients. As one of the major components of green tea, (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) was evaluated for its antioxidative properties in the present study. Cell proliferation assay, tube formation, cell migration, apoptosis, and autophagy were performed in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to investigate potential anti-ischemia/reperfusion injury properties of ECG in vitro. Markers of oxidative stress as ROS, LDH, MDA, and SOD were further assayed in our study. Data indicated that ECG could affect neovascularization and promote cell proliferation, tube formation, and cell migration while inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy through affecting VEGF, Bcl-2, BAX, LC3B, caspase 3, mTOR, and Beclin-1 expression. All the data suggested that ECG may be protective for the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting neovascularization, alleviating apoptosis and autophagy, and promoting cell proliferation in HBMVECs of OGD/R.
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Mathew TC, Abdeen SM, Dashti H, Asfar S. Green Tea Induced Cellular Proliferation and the Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in the Jejunal Mucosa of Fasting Rats. Med Princ Pract 2017; 26:343-350. [PMID: 28273667 PMCID: PMC5768124 DOI: 10.1159/000468937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to understand whether or not the protective effect of green tea after fasting-induced damage in the jejunal mucosa of rat is dependent on cell proliferation and the stimulation of specific growth factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty adult male Wistar rats were used in this study. The animals were divided randomly into 5 groups, with 12 in each group (G1-5). The animals in G1 (control group) were fed a rat chow diet and water ad libitum. The animals in G2 (fasting group) were fasted for 3 days. The animals in the G3, G4, and G5 groups were fasted for 3 days as G2, but were given water (G3), green tea (G4), or a vitamin E (G5) solution, respectively, for another 7 days. The animals were euthanized, and the jejunum was removed and processed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Compared to the G3 group, the jejunal mucosa of G4 rats showed a 70.6% higher level (p < 0.001) of expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and 98% higher level (p = 0.0001) of the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), whereas the level of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) expression was 22 and 11% lower, respectively, in G4 animals as compared to G3 rats. These differences in the expression of FGF-1 and IGF-1 in G4 animals were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION In this study, green tea repaired the fasting-induced damage in the jejunal mucosa of rats, mainly by inducing a significant expression of TGF-β1 in the jejunal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thazhumpal C. Mathew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Sulaibikhat, Kuwait
- *Prof. Thazhumpal C. Mathew, MSc, PhD, FRCPath, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, PO Box 31470, Sulaibikhat 90805 (Kuwait), E-Mail
| | - Suad M. Abdeen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Sulaibikhat, Kuwait
| | - Hussain Dashti
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Sulaibikhat, Kuwait
| | - Sami Asfar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Sulaibikhat, Kuwait
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Luo L, Li YC, Dai XZ, Yang Z, Song Q, Hu WS, Cao DQ, Zhang X. Effects of Proanthocyanidins on Intestinal Motility Disturbance Following Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion. J INVEST SURG 2016; 29:335-342. [PMID: 27050249 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2016.1149642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Li
- Center for Experimental Technology of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Dai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Center for Experimental Technology of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Song
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Si Hu
- Center for Experimental Technology of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - De-Qi Cao
- Center for Experimental Technology of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Center for Experimental Technology of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Pré‐tratamento com remifentanil protege contra a redução da contratilidade intestinal relacionada à lesão de isquemia e reperfusão em ratos. Braz J Anesthesiol 2015; 65:483-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjan.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Sayan-Ozacmak H, Ozacmak VH, Turan I, Barut F, Hanci V. Pretreatment with remifentanil protects against the reduced-intestinal contractility related to the ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat. Braz J Anesthesiol 2015; 65:483-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Zhang X, He F, Yang J, Chen ZS. Protective effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury through enhanced activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:378-383. [PMID: 26072077 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory effect. This study examined the effect of EGCG on intestinal IRI and explored the possible mechanisms. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated group (Sham), IRI control group (IRI) and IRI-EGCG group (EGCG). Rats in IRI-EGCG group were administered dissolved EGCG in drinking water (0.4 mg/mL) for 14 days prior to IRI induction. A rat model of intestinal IRI was established by ligating the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 1 h. Intestinal histology, pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators were examined and the effect of EGCG on PI3K/Akt signalling was assessed. EGCG significantly alleviated the pathological changes of the intestine and suppressed the IRI-induced up-regulation of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 mRNA and protein expression in the serum and intestine. The mechanism might be that EGCG enhanced the activation of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. In conclusion, the administration of EGCG can significantly mitigate the acute intestinal IRI in rats by enhancing the activation of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway to suppress inflammatory response and might be a promising alternative for the prevention or treatment of intestinal IRI in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fan He
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhi-Shui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Zhao W, Zhou S, Yao W, Gan X, Su G, Yuan D, Hei Z. Propofol prevents lung injury after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion by inhibiting the interaction between mast cell activation and oxidative stress. Life Sci 2014; 108:80-7. [PMID: 24878149 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Both mast cells and oxidative stress are involved in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR). The aim of this study was to investigate whether propofol could improve IIR-induced ALI through inhibiting their interaction. MAIN METHODS Repetitive, brief IIR or IIR+compound 48/80 was performed in adult Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with saline, apocynin or propofol. And their lungs were excised for histology, ELISA and protein-expression measurements 2h after reperfusion. KEY FINDINGS Rats pretreated with saline developed critical ALI 2h after IIR. We found significant elevations in lung injury scores, lung wet/dry ratio and gp91phox, p47phox, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 protein expressions and higher level of malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 contents, and myeloperoxidase activities, as well as significant reductions in superoxide dismutase activities, accompanied with increases in mast cell degranulation evidenced by significant increases in mast cell counts, β-hexosaminidase concentrations, and tryptase expression. And the lung injury was aggravated in the presence of compound 48/80. However, pretreated with propofol and apocynin not only ameliorated the IIR-mediated pulmonary changes beyond the biochemical changes but also reversed the changes that were aggravated by compound 48/80. SIGNIFICANCE Propofol protects against IIR-mediated ALI, most likely by inhibiting the interaction between oxidative stress and mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, 81 North of Rinlan Road, Foshan 528000, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shaoli Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaoliang Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South of Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Guangjie Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Dongdong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ziqing Hei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Zickri MB, Embaby A. Relation between Endogenous Stem Cells and Green Tea Extract in Overconsumption and Amiodarone Induced Thyroid Damage in Rat. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 6:113-20. [PMID: 24386555 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2013.6.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Amiodarone (AM), one of the most commonly prescribed antiarrhythmics, is frequently associated with thyroid dysfunction. Green tea extract (GTE) supplementation would attenuate oxidative stress and activate progenitor cells. However, the potential toxicity of GTE on various organs when administered at high doses has not been completely investigated. The present study aimed at investigating the possible relation between endogenous stem cells and GTE in overconsumption and AM induced thyroid damage in albino rat. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty four male albino rats were divided into control group, GTE group (rats given 50 mg/kg), Overconsumption group (rats given 1,000 mg/kg GTE), AM group (rats given 30 mg/kg) and combined AM, GTE therapy group. AM and GTE were administered orally 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Serological tests were performed. Thyroid sections were exposed to histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric studies. In overconsumption group, multiple distorted follicles with cellular debris in the lumen and multiple follicles devoid of colloid were found. In AM group, multiple follicles exhibiting crescent of colloid and few follicles devoid of colloid were detected. In combined therapy group, multiple follicles were filled with colloid. Significant decrease in area of colloid and significant increase in the area% of collagen were recorded in overconsumption and AM groups. Area% of CD 105 +ve cells denoted significant increase in combined therapy group. Serological tests were confirmative. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous SCs activation was proved in AM and GTE combined therapy group with regression of AM induced morphological, morphometric and serological changes. However, overconsumption of GTE recruited endogenous SCs suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Baligh Zickri
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza Embaby
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Cairo, Egypt
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Neuroprotective evaluation of Tilia americana and Annona diversifolia in the neuronal damage induced by intestinal ischemia. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1632-40. [PMID: 23739919 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tilia americana and Annona diversifolia are plants widely distributed in Mexico and sold in markets for their medicinal properties on the central nervous system (CNS) including possible neuroprotection. Pharmacological studies have corroborated CNS activities due to flavonoid constituents, but evidence of their neuroprotector effects are lacking. This study was conducted to test aqueous and organic extracts of these two plants for neuroprotective effects in a novel experimental model of intestinal ischemia in situ. T. americana and A. diversifolia aqueous and organic extracts were administrated to guinea pigs at an oral dose of 100 and 300 mg/kg for 15 days. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the animals were anesthetized and intestinal ischemia in situ was induced by clamping for 80 min selected branches of the superior mesenteric artery. Ischemic segments placed in an in vitro organ bath were stimulated electrically (0.3 Hz frequency, 3.0 ms duration, 14 V intensity) and chemically (ACh; 1 × 10(-9) to 1×10(-5) M). Neuroprotection was considered present when the depressed contractile response of the ischemic tissue to electrical stimulation was normalized in the treated animals. Results showed that pretreatment with the T. americana hexane and aqueous extracts, but not with those from A. diversifolia, significantly improved responses of the ischemic tissue. These results suggest that T. americana possesses neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage induced by ischemia, and that flavonoids as well as non-polar constituents are involved. Our study supports the use of this plant in folk medicine and suggests its possible effectiveness for stroke prevention.
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