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Watson BE, Miles JA, Moss MA. Human in vitro blood barrier models: architectures and applications. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2222628. [PMID: 37339009 PMCID: PMC11042067 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2222628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood barriers serve as key points of transport for essential molecules as well as lines of defense to protect against toxins. In vitro modeling of these barriers is common practice in the study of their physiology and related diseases. This review describes a common method of using an adaptable, low cost, semipermeable, suspended membrane to experimentally model three blood barriers in the human body: the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the gut-blood barrier (GBB), and the air-blood barrier (ABB). The GBB and ABB both protect from the outside environment, while the BBB protects the central nervous system from potential neurotoxic agents in the blood. These barriers share several commonalities, including the formation of tight junctions, polarized cellular monolayers, and circulatory system contact. Cell architectures used to mimic barrier anatomy as well as applications to study function, dysfunction, and response provide an overview of the versatility enabled by these cultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia A. Miles
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univ of South Carolina, Columbia, SCUSA
| | - Melissa A. Moss
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univ of South Carolina, Columbia, SCUSA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Univ of South Carolina, Columbia, SCUSA
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2
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Xue Y, Liao Y, Wang H, Li S, Gu Z, Adu-Frimpong M, Yu J, Xu X, Smyth HDC, Zhu Y. Preparation and evaluation of astaxanthin-loaded 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and Soluplus® nanoparticles based on electrospray technology. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3628-3637. [PMID: 36840513 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astaxanthin is a type of food-derived active ingredient with antioxidant, antidiabetic and non-toxicity functions, but its poor solubility and low bioavailability hinder further application in food industry. In the present study, through inclusion technologies, micellar solubilization and electrospray techniques, we prepared astaxanthin nanoparticles before optimizing the formulation to regulate the physical and chemical properties of micelles. We accomplished the preparation of astaxanthin nanoparticle delivery system based on single needle electrospray technology through use of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Soluplus® to improveme the release behavior of the nanocarrier. RESULTS Through this experiment, we successfully prepared astaxanthin nanoparticles with a particle size of approximately 80 nm, which was further verified with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the encapsulation of astaxanthin molecules into the carrier nanoparticles was verified via the results of attenuated total reflectance intensity and X-ray powder diffraction techniques. The in vitro release behavior of astaxanthin nanoparticles was different in media that contained 0.5% Tween 80 (pH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8) buffer solution and distilled water. Also, we carried out a pharmacokinetic study of astaxanthin nanoparticles, in which it was observed that astaxanthin nanoparticle showed an effect of immediate release and significant improved bioavailability. CONCLUSION 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Soluplus® were used in the present study as a hydrophilic nanocarrier that could provide a simple way of encapsulating natural function food with repsect to improving the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble ingredients. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Youwu Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haiqiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhengqing Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Michael Adu-Frimpong
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, School of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences (CKT-UTAS), Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- College of Molecular Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Gu Z, Xue Y, Li S, Adu-Frimpong M, Xu Y, Yu J, Xu X, Zhu Y. Design, Characterization, and Evaluation of Diosmetin-Loaded Solid Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System Prepared by Electrospray for Improved Bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:106. [PMID: 35381887 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosmetin (DIOS) is a functional compound with poor water solubility, bad permeability, and crystal form. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) was an effective formulation to overcome these shortcomings. In this study, liquid SMEDDS was prepared using Capmul® MCM C8 EP/NF, Cremophor EL, and PEG 400 (2:5.6:2.4, w/w/w) as excipients. Then, the novel technology of electrospray solidified liquid SMEDDS and prepared solid SMEDDS for inhibiting crystallization. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was used as carrier to construct DIOS-loaded solid SMEDDS, with polyethylene oxide (PEO) contributing to the formation of regular sphere in the process of spinning. The particle size of solid SMEDDS (194 ± 5 nm) was much bigger than of liquid SMEDDS (25 ± 1 nm), while DIOS-loaded solid SMEDDS showed greater dissolution rates in pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 media through in vitro drug release study. The solid nanoparticles were smooth and uniform from the graph of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The graph of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that small droplets were loaded in the matrix. Furthermore, DIOS was encapsulated by matrix in amorphous state via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). The crystalline of DIOS was not formed in solid SMEDDS due to the characteristic peaks of DIOS disappeared in X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. Therefore, the oral bioavailability of DIOS improved significantly compared with liquid SMEDDS (4.27-fold). Hence, solid SMEDDS could improve the solubility and bioavailability of DIOS, through transfer of the state of crystalline to amorphous by electrospray technology.
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Guibourdenche M, El Khayat El Sabbouri H, Djekkoun N, Khorsi-Cauet H, Bach V, Anton PM, Gay-Quéheillard J. Programming of intestinal homeostasis in male rat offspring after maternal exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or to a high fat diet. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11420. [PMID: 34075131 PMCID: PMC8169651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration of programming of the intestinal wall maturation may be responsible for non-communicable chronic diseases in adulthood. It may originate from prenatal exposure of mothers to deleterious environmental factors such as pesticides or western diet. This work was undertaken to determine whether disturbances of the digestive tract function and of innate immunity of offspring at adulthood could be due to maternal exposure to a pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and a High Fat Diet (HFD) starting 4 months before gestation and lasting until weaning of offspring. Fifty-one male Wistar rats coming from 4 groups of dams exposed to CPF, HFD, both and control were followed from birth to 8 weeks of age. They were fed standard chow and received no treatment. The maternal pesticide exposure slows down fetal and postnatal weight gain without histological injuries of the gut mucosa. CPF or HFD both induced modifications of tight junctions and mucins genes expressions without inducing an increase in epithelial permeability or an inflammatory state. Co-exposure to both CPF and HFD did not exacerbate the effects observed with each factor separately. Despite the lack of direct contact except through breast milk until weaning, CPF or HFD maternal exposure have demonstrated preliminary gut barrier impacts on offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Guibourdenche
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01, UPJV/INERIS, Université Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, Présidence UPJV, Chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France.,Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026, Beauvais, France
| | - Hiba El Khayat El Sabbouri
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01, UPJV/INERIS, Université Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, Présidence UPJV, Chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Narimane Djekkoun
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01, UPJV/INERIS, Université Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, Présidence UPJV, Chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Hafida Khorsi-Cauet
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01, UPJV/INERIS, Université Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, Présidence UPJV, Chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Véronique Bach
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01, UPJV/INERIS, Université Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, Présidence UPJV, Chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Pauline M Anton
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026, Beauvais, France
| | - Jérôme Gay-Quéheillard
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01, UPJV/INERIS, Université Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, Présidence UPJV, Chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France.
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Bottani M, Cattaneo S, Pica V, Stuknytė M, Gomarasca M, Lombardi G, Banfi G, Noni ID, Ferraretto A. Gastrointestinal In Vitro Digests of Infant Biscuits Formulated with Bovine Milk Proteins Positively Affect In Vitro Differentiation of Human Osteoblast-Like Cells. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101510. [PMID: 33096628 PMCID: PMC7589107 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant biscuits (IBs) are part of complementary feeding from weaning up to the age of five years. They normally contain bovine milk proteins, which can influence bone development. This potential effect was investigated using experimental baked IBs, which were prepared from doughs containing different type of dairy proteins: milk protein concentrate (IB1), whey protein isolate (IB2), and skimmed milk powder (IB3). Dairy protein-free (IB0) and gluten-free (IB4) biscuits were also formulated. The in vitro gastrointestinal digests of IBs (IBDs) were tested on a co-culture of Caco-2/HT-29 70/30 cells as an in vitro model of human small intestine. None of the IBDs influenced cell viability and monolayer integrity, while IBD0 and IBD4 increased Peptide-YY production. The basolateral contents of Transwell plates seeded with Caco-2/HT-29 70/30 co-culture, mimicking metabolized IBDs (MIBDs), were tested on Saos-2 cells, an in vitro model of human osteoblast-like cells. After incubation, MIBD0, lacking dairy proteins, decreased the cell viability, while MIBD2, containing whey protein isolate, increased both the viability and the number of cells. MIBD2 and MIBD4, the latter containing both casein and whey proteins, increased alkaline phosphatase activity, a bone differentiation marker. These results highlight that IBs containing dairy proteins positively affect bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bottani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Via Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (M.G.); (G.L.); (G.B.)
| | - Stefano Cattaneo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Valentina Pica
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Milda Stuknytė
- Unitech COSPECT—University Technological Platforms Office, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marta Gomarasca
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Via Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (M.G.); (G.L.); (G.B.)
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Via Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (M.G.); (G.L.); (G.B.)
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Via Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (M.G.); (G.L.); (G.B.)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano De Noni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-503-16680
| | - Anita Ferraretto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Macedo MH, Martínez E, Barrias CC, Sarmento B. Development of an Improved 3D in vitro Intestinal Model to Perform Permeability Studies of Paracellular Compounds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:524018. [PMID: 33042961 PMCID: PMC7527803 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.524018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine is the primary site of drug absorption following oral administration, making paramount the proper monitoring of the absorption process. In vitro tools to predict intestinal absorption are particularly important in preclinical drug development since they are less laborious and cost-intensive and raise less ethical considerations compared to in vivo studies. The Caco-2 model is considered the gold standard of in vitro intestinal models regarding the prediction of absorption of orally delivered compounds. However, this model presents several drawbacks, such as the expression of tighter tight junctions, not being suitable to perform permeability of paracellular compounds. Besides, cells are representative of only one intestinal cell type, without considering the role of non-absorptive cells on the absorption pathway of drugs. In the present study, we developed a new three-dimensional (3D) intestinal model that aims to bridge the gap between in vitro tools and animal studies. Our 3D model comprises a collagen layer with human intestinal fibroblasts (HIFs) embedded, mimicking the intestinal lamina propria and providing 3D support for the epithelium, composed of Caco-2 cells and mucus-producing HT29-MTX cells, creating a model that can better resemble, both in terms of composition and regarding the outcomes of drug permeability when testing paracellular compounds, the human small intestine. The optimization of the collagen layer with HIFs was performed, testing different collagen concentrations and HIF seeding densities in order to avoid collagen contraction before day 14, maintaining HIF metabolically active inside the collagen disks during time in culture. HIF morphology and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition were assessed, confirming that fibroblasts presented a normal and healthy elongated shape and secreted fibronectin and laminin, remodeling the collagen matrix. Regarding the epithelial layer, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values decreased when cells were in the 3D configuration, comparing with the 2D analogs (Caco-2 and coculture of Caco-2+HT29-MTX models), becoming more similar with in vivo values. The permeability assay with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–Dextran 4 kDa showed that absorption in the 3D models is significantly higher than that in the 2D models, confirming the importance of using a more biorelevant model when testing the paracellular permeability of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Helena Macedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elena Martínez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.,Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina C Barrias
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CESPU-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal
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