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Comparative Fatty Acid Profiling of Edible Fishes in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102456. [PMID: 34681503 PMCID: PMC8535710 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the relative nutritional benefit of edible Malaysian fishes from the coast of Terengganu in Malaysia, as well as to perform a taxonomical characterization and metal assessment. Discrimination between species was carried out by a morphological and molecular approach by evaluating the total concentrations of metals by ICP-MS analyses and the fatty acids (FA) composition using the GC–MS approach on the fish fillet tissues. The taxonomical studies detected fishes of 11 families and 13 species. The heavy metal assessment showed that all detected elements did not exceed the regulatory limit stated by Malaysian Food Regulations. The proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) ranged from 33 to 58.34%, followed by the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) values from 24 to 51.8%, and the lowest proportion was of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), ranging from 12.7 to 35.9%. The ω-3/ω-6 PUFA and PUFA/SFA ratios were determined in the range 1.1 to 7.4 and 0.35 to 1.6, respectively. The C20:5 ω-3 and C22:6 ω-3 acids were detected at levels comparable to those found in the corresponding species from similar tropical marine ecosystems. The high FA values can be useful biochemical tools for comparing the relative nutritional benefits of these biodiverse and non-toxic edible Malaysian fishes.
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A comparative and economic study of the extraction of oil from Baru ( Dipteryx alata) seeds by supercritical CO 2 with and without mechanical pressing. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05971. [PMID: 33537470 PMCID: PMC7841323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) assisted by cold pressing (SFEAP) on the overall yield, extraction kinetics, composition of baru seed oil and manufacturing cost (COM). The best extraction conditions were determined in extraction assays combining different pressures (150–350 bar) and temperatures (35 and 45 °C). The extraction yield by SFEAP (28.6 g oil/100 g baru seed) was approximately 31% higher than that obtained by SFE (21.9 g oil/100 g baru seed), according to the kinetic study with the best extraction conditions (350 bar and 45 °C). The extraction yield observed under this condition allowed us to obtain a lower COM for both techniques (SFE was US$ 118.32/kg baru oil and SFEAP was US$ 87.03/kg baru oil) compared to lower pressures and temperatures. The oil obtained under all extraction conditions was rich in unsaturated fatty acids and other bioactive compounds. The extraction of baru seed oil by SFEAP resulted in a higher yield and lower manufacturing cost than SFE.
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Asnaashari M, Farhoosh R, Farahmandfar R. Prediction of oxidation parameters of purified Kilka fish oil including gallic acid and methyl gallate by adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural network. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4594-4602. [PMID: 26909668 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of concerns regarding possible health hazards of synthetic antioxidants, gallic acid and methyl gallate may be introduced as natural antioxidants to improve oxidative stability of marine oil. Since conventional modelling could not predict the oxidative parameters precisely, artificial neural network (ANN) and neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) modelling with three inputs, including type of antioxidant (gallic acid and methyl gallate), temperature (35, 45 and 55 °C) and concentration (0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg L(-1) ) and four outputs containing induction period (IP), slope of initial stage of oxidation curve (k1 ) and slope of propagation stage of oxidation curve (k2 ) and peroxide value at the IP (PVIP ) were performed to predict the oxidation parameters of Kilka oil triacylglycerols and were compared to multiple linear regression (MLR). RESULTS The results showed ANFIS was the best model with high coefficient of determination (R(2) = 0.99, 0.99, 0.92 and 0.77 for IP, k1 , k2 and PVIP , respectively). So, the RMSE and MAE values for IP were 7.49 and 4.92 in ANFIS model. However, they were to be 15.95 and 10.88 and 34.14 and 3.60 for the best MLP structure and MLR, respectively. So, MLR showed the minimum accuracy among the constructed models. CONCLUSION Sensitivity analysis based on the ANFIS model suggested a high sensitivity of oxidation parameters, particularly the induction period on concentrations of gallic acid and methyl gallate due to their high antioxidant activity to retard oil oxidation and enhanced Kilka oil shelf life. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Asnaashari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources University (SANRU), P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Farhoosh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Farahmandfar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources University (SANRU), P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran
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Collins KG, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C, Ross RP. Looking Beyond the Terrestrial: The Potential of Seaweed Derived Bioactives to Treat Non-Communicable Diseases. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E60. [PMID: 26999166 PMCID: PMC4820313 DOI: 10.3390/md14030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are a large and diverse group of marine organisms that are commonly found in the maritime regions of the world. They are an excellent source of biologically active secondary metabolites and have been shown to exhibit a wide range of therapeutic properties, including anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. Several Asian cultures have a strong tradition of using different varieties of seaweed extensively in cooking as well as in herbal medicines preparations. As such, seaweeds have been used to treat a wide variety of health conditions such as cancer, digestive problems, and renal disorders. Today, increasing numbers of people are adopting a "westernised lifestyle" characterised by low levels of physical exercise and excessive calorific and saturated fat intake. This has led to an increase in numbers of chronic Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus, being reported. Recently, NCDs have replaced communicable infectious diseases as the number one cause of human mortality. Current medical treatments for NCDs rely mainly on drugs that have been obtained from the terrestrial regions of the world, with the oceans and seas remaining largely an untapped reservoir for exploration. This review focuses on the potential of using seaweed derived bioactives including polysaccharides, antioxidants and fatty acids, amongst others, to treat chronic NCDs such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - R Paul Ross
- Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Fatty Acid Profiles of Commercially Available Finfish Fillets in the United States. Lipids 2014; 49:1005-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Adult medication-free schizophrenic patients exhibit long-chain omega-3 Fatty Acid deficiency: implications for cardiovascular disease risk. Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol 2013; 2013:796462. [PMID: 23533712 PMCID: PMC3600206 DOI: 10.1155/2013/796462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in long-chain omega-3 (LCn - 3) fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n - 3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n - 3), has been implicated in the pathoetiology of cardiovascular disease, a primary cause of excess premature mortality in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). In the present study, we determined erythrocyte EPA + DHA levels in adult medication-free patients SZ (n = 20) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 24). Erythrocyte EPA + DHA composition exhibited by SZ patients (3.5%) was significantly lower than healthy controls (4.5%, -22%, P = 0.007). The majority of SZ patients (72%) exhibited EPA+DHA levels ≤4.0% compared with 37% of controls (Chi-square, P = 0.001). In contrast, the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n - 6) (+9%, P = 0.02) and the AA:EPA + DHA ratio (+28%, P = 0.0004) were significantly greater in SZ patients. Linoleic acid (18:2n - 6) was significantly lower (-12%, P = 0.009) and the erythrocyte 20:3/18:2 ratio (an index of delta6-desaturase activity) was significantly elevated in SZ patients. Compared with same-gender controls, EPA + DHA composition was significantly lower in male (-19%, P = 0.04) but not female (-13%, P = 0.33) SZ patients, whereas the 20:3/18:2 ratio was significantly elevated in both male (+22%, P = 0.008) and female (+22%, P = 0.04) SZ patients. These results suggest that the majority of SZ patients exhibit low LCn - 3 fatty acid levels which may place them at increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Hughes BH, Muzzy HM, Laliberte LC, Grenier HS, Perkins LB, Skonberg DI. Oxidative Stability and Consumer Acceptance of Fish Oil Fortified Nutrition Bars. J Food Sci 2012; 77:S329-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Gavva EM, Tsaregorodtsev DA, Mamedov IS, Sulimov VA. Omega-3 index of erythrocytes and predictors of sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary heart disease and ventricular arrhythmias. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2012. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2012-4-16-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim.To assess the association between ω-3 index of erythrocytes and demographic, electrophysiological, and echocardiographic (EchoCG) predictors of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and ventricular arrhythmias (VA).Material and methods.The study included 25 patients with a verified diagnosis of CHD and VA. Gas chromatography method was used to measure the content (%) of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in peripheral blood erythrocytes, with the calculation of a summary (EPA + DHA) ω-3 index. All participants underwent 24-hour electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring, with the assessment of maximal, minimal, and mean heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) parameters (SDNN and pNN50), heart rate turbulence (TO and TS), microvolt T wave alternans (mTWA), and the number of ventricular extrasystoles (VE) and transient and persistent ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes. All patients also underwent EchoCG.Results.In examined patients, the values of ω-3 index of erythrocytes varied from 1,12% to 6,4% (mean 3,74%, 95% CI 2,02-4,38%). There was a weak correlation between ω-3 index or EPA levels (%) and the HRV parameter of pNN50. In addition, ω-3 index or DHA levels (%) negatively correlated with the daily VE number. The 5:00 AM value of mTWA (II lead, update factor 1/8) weakly correlated withω-3 index and DHA levels. There was a moderate positive correlation between E/A ratio and omega-3 index, or EPA and DHA levels.Conclusion.Patients with CHD and VA were characterised by low ω-3 index values and high (56%) or moderate (44%) levels of cardiovascular risk. The values of ω-3 index positively correlated with the daily VE number and negatively correlated with E/A ratio and pNN50 parameter of HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Gavva
- I. N. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | | | - I. S. Mamedov
- Moscow Research Institute of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Moscow
| | - V. A. Sulimov
- I. N. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
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Papaspyridi LM, Aligiannis N, Topakas E, Christakopoulos P, Skaltsounis AL, Fokialakis N. Submerged fermentation of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus in a batch stirred tank bioreactor as a promising alternative for the effective production of bioactive metabolites. Molecules 2012; 17:2714-24. [PMID: 22395402 PMCID: PMC6268715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17032714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the submerged fermentation procedure in the production of bioactive metabolites of the common edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. The biomass of the mushroom strain was produced by submerged fermentation in a batch stirred tank bioreactor and extracted by solvents of increasing polarity. The dichloromethane and methanol extract were fractioned by different techniques including Adsorption Chromatography and Fast Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (FCPC). The structures of pure compounds were elucidated with 1D/2D NMR-spectroscopic analyses, and chemical correlations combined with GC/MS and LC/MS experiments. Nineteen metabolites (e.g., fatty acids, phenolic metabolites, nucleotides and alkaloids) were isolated. Beyond the production of known metabolites, we report herein the production also of trans-3,4-dihydro-3,4,8-trihydroxynapthalen-1(2H)-one, indolo-3-carboxylic acid, 3-formylpyrrole and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, that have pharmaceutical interest and are isolated for the first time from Pleurotus strains.This work indicates the great potential of the established bioprocess for the production of P. ostreatus mycelia with enhanced metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefki-Maria Papaspyridi
- BIOtechMASS Unit, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, GR-15700 Athens, Greece; (L.-M.P.); (E.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Nektarios Aligiannis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, GR-15771 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- BIOtechMASS Unit, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, GR-15700 Athens, Greece; (L.-M.P.); (E.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- BIOtechMASS Unit, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, GR-15700 Athens, Greece; (L.-M.P.); (E.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Alexandros-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, GR-15771 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Nikolas Fokialakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, GR-15771 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (A.-L.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +30-210-7274-727; Fax: +30-210-7274-594
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Proximate and fatty acid composition of some commercially important fish species from the Sinop region of the Black Sea. Lipids 2012; 47:635-41. [PMID: 22322400 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The proximate and fatty acid compositions of the commercially important fish species (Engraulis encrasicolus, Alosa alosa, Belone belone, Scorpaena porcus, Pomatomus saltatrix, Mullus barbatus) from the Sinop region of the Black Sea were examined. The fat contents ranged from 1.26% (for scorpion fish) to 18.12% (for shad). The protein contents were min 14.54% (for red mullet) and maximum 20.26% (for belone). The fatty acid compositions of the fish ranged from 27.83 to 35.91% for saturated fatty acids, 19.50-33.80% for monounsaturated fatty acids and 15.25-40.02% for polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among the saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid (16:0) (17.75-22.20%) was the dominant fatty acid for all the fish species. As a second saturated fatty acid, myristic acid (14:0) was observed in four of the fish species and its content ranged from 4.72 to 7.31%. Whereas, for the other two fish species, the second saturated fatty acid was stearic acid (18:0) ranging between 4.54 and 10.64%. Among the monounsaturated fatty acids, those occurring in the highest proportions were oleic acid (18:1n-9c) (11.67-22.45%) and palmitoleic acid (16:1) (4.50-9.40%). Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) (5.41-28.52%), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) (4.68-11.06) and linoleic acid (18:2n-6) (1.38-3.49%) were dominant polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. All the species, in particular the belone, the anchovy and the shad had high levels of the n-3 series.
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McNamara RK, Jandacek R, Rider T, Tso P, Cole-Strauss A, Lipton JW. Differential effects of antipsychotic medications on polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in rats: Relationship with liver delta6-desaturase expression. Schizophr Res 2011; 129:57-65. [PMID: 21458237 PMCID: PMC3100388 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), a lipid family comprised of omega-3 (n-3) and n-6 fatty acids, are a critical component of cellular membranes, and recent in vitro studies have found that antipsychotic medications up-regulate genes responsible for PUFA biosynthesis. To evaluate this effect in vivo, rats were treated with risperidone (1.5, 3, 6mg/kg/day), paliperidone (1.5, 3, 6mg/kg/day), olanzapine (2.5, 5, 10mg/kg/day), quetiapine (5, 10, 20mg/kg/day), haloperidol (1, 3mg/kg/day) or vehicle through their drinking water for 40day. Effects on liver Fads1, Fads2, Elovl2, and Elovl5 mRNA expression, plasma indices of n-3 (plasma 22:6/18:3 and 20:5/18:3 ratios) and n-6 (plasma 20:4/18:2 and 20:3/18:2 ratios) biosynthesis, and peripheral (erythrocyte, heart) and central (frontal cortex) membrane PUFA composition were determined. Only risperidone and its metabolite paliperidone significantly and selectively up-regulated liver delta-6 desaturase (Fads2) mRNA expression, and robustly increased plasma indices of n-3 and n-6 fatty acid biosynthesis. In risperidone- and paliperidone-treated rats, plasma indices of n-3 and n-6 fatty acid biosynthesis were all positively correlated with liver Fads2 mRNA expression, but not Fads1, Elovl2, or Elovl5 mRNA expression. All antipsychotics at specific doses increased erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) composition, and all except quetiapine increased arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) composition. Risperidone, paliperidone, and olanzapine increased heart DHA and AA composition, and no antipsychotic altered frontal cortex DHA or AA composition. These in vivo data demonstrate that augmentation of PUFA biosynthesis is not common to all antipsychotic medications, and that risperidone and paliperidone uniquely increase delta-6 desaturase (Fads2) mRNA expression and most robustly increase PUFA biosynthesis and peripheral membrane composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Robert K. McNamara, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 260 Stetson Street, Suite 3306, Cincinnati, OH 45219-0516, PH: 513-558-5601, FAX: 513-558-4805,
| | - Ronald Jandacek
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45237
| | - Therese Rider
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45237
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45237
| | - Allyson Cole-Strauss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219
| | - Jack W. Lipton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219
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