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Herbert S, Woolf K. Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Nutrients 2023; 15:5069. [PMID: 38140328 PMCID: PMC10745999 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder experienced by women. PCOS is a lifelong condition associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological presentations. PCOS is also linked with increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. While an association between body weight and PCOS has been noted, cardiometabolic risk factors are prevalent in individuals with PCOS across body weights. Currently, no consensus exists as to the most appropriate lifestyle strategy for mitigating cardiometabolic risk in PCOS. A large proportion of the literature is focused on weight loss for individuals with PCOS who are overweight or experience obesity, despite PCOS being prevalent across body sizes. The aim of this narrative review is to assess dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing cardiometabolic risk in individuals with PCOS across body sizes. A total of 51 articles are included in this review. Overall, randomized controlled trials are limited and most studies focus on weight loss, excluding individuals classified within a healthy body weight range. Studies that modified the dietary pattern without an energy deficit saw improvements in cardiometabolic risk. Thus, less restrictive dietary approaches may be effective at reducing cardiometabolic risk in this population. This review also highlights the need for more sustainable lifestyle interventions that meet the needs of individuals with PCOS of varying body weights.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen Woolf
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Steinhart School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA;
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Guimarães TCM, Taranto DODL, Couto CA, Nardelli MJ, Cândido AL, Hott CDA, Anastácio LR, Reis FM, Rocha ALL, Faria LC. Dietary pattern in women with polycystic ovary syndrome with and without associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100288. [PMID: 38052105 PMCID: PMC10746390 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) have a higher prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) than the general population. PCOS and NAFLD have common metabolic risk factors, however, the role of diet in NAFLD development is still uncertain in PCOS women. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the dietary patterns and nutritional intake in patients with PCOS with and without NAFLD. METHOD Cross-sectional study that included patients with PCOS diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria. All participants were submitted to abdominal ultrasound to investigate liver steatosis. Dietary profile was assessed by 24-hour food recall (24hR), and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) adapted for the Brazilian population. Physical activity practice was also assessed. RESULTS 87 participants were included (average age 35.2 ± 5.7 years), among whom, 67 (77%) had NAFLD. The group with PCOS and NAFLD presented higher body mass index (BMI) (34.9 ± 4.5 vs. 30.4 ± 4.9 kg/m2; p = 0.001), Waist Circumference (WC) (103 [97‒113] vs. 95 [87.5‒100] cm; p < 0.001) and were considered physically active less frequently than those without NAFLD (34.3% vs. 60%; p = 0.04). Food intake and dietary patterns assessed by 24hR, FFQ and HEI presented no difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS PCOS women with coexistent NAFLD had higher BMI, WC and were less physically active than those without NAFLD. Dietary evaluation showed that PCOS women with NAFLD had no significant difference in macro and micronutrients or food group intake and diet quality in comparison to those without NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Oliveira de Lima Taranto
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde do Adulto, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Serviço de Diagnóstico por Imagem do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudia Alves Couto
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde do Adulto, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mateus Jorge Nardelli
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde do Adulto, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Cândido
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Almeida Hott
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde do Adulto, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Rezende Anastácio
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Reis
- Ambulatório de Hiperandrogenismo, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Lunardi Rocha
- Ambulatório de Hiperandrogenismo, Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana Costa Faria
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde do Adulto, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Kulshreshtha B, Sharma N, Pant S, Sharma L, Pahuja B, Singh P. PCOS patients differ in meal timings rather than total caloric or macronutrient intake in comparison to weight matched controls. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 270:11-16. [PMID: 35007973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is paucity of data related to dietary patterns in women with PCOS with heterogenous phenotypes compared to weight matched healthy women. In the present study, we studied the influence of diet and dietary patterns in relation to BMI and phenotype of PCOS women. DESIGN Case control study in a tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS 168 PCOS women and 102 age matched healthy women were recruited. All were subjected to clinical examination, biochemical, hormonal and dietary assessment based on 2-day dietary recall and direct interview by dieticians. RESULTS There was no difference in the total energy and macronutrient distribution among the lean and obese PCOS women compared to weight matched controls. There was a higher junk intake and lower fibre intake among PCOS patients compared to controls. There was no difference in the total energy or macronutrient distribution or meal timings among different phenotypes of PCOS. Around 40% PCOS women had a late/missed breakfast pattern compared to 15% of healthy controls (p-0.00). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, we observed that late breakfast and late lunch patterns were associated with PCOS independent of BMI (OR-3.3[CI- 1.7-6.8] and 3.0 [CI- 1.2-6.9]). Junk intake was correlated with BMI, glucose and cholesterol levels and dairy intake was correlated with hirsuitism score. CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that PCOS women differ significantly from weight matched controls in the timings of their breakfast and lunch intake rather than the total caloric intake and macronutrient distribution. Whether correction of meal timings and food choices can improve the phenotypic manifestations of PCOS remains to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Endocrinology, ABVIMS, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Neera Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, ABVIMS, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubhi Pant
- Department of Endocrinology, ABVIMS, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, ABVIMS, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Pahuja
- Department of Endocrinology, ABVIMS, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Endocrinology, ABVIMS, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Dietary Intake, Eating Behavior, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Infertile Women with PCOS and Obesity Compared with Non-PCOS Obese Controls. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103526. [PMID: 34684528 PMCID: PMC8538395 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To personalize lifestyle advice for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity, detailed information regarding dietary intake, eating behavior, physical activity levels, and quality of life (QoL) may be useful. We aimed to investigate in a post-hoc cross-sectional analysis within a large multicenter randomized controlled trial in women with infertility whether there are significant differences in dietary intake (vegetables, fruits, sugary drinks, alcoholic beverages, savory snacks, and sweet snacks); eating behavior (emotional eating, external eating, and restricted eating); physical activity; and QoL between women with PCOS and obesity and non-PCOS obese controls. Participants were asked to complete the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), the Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH), and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at study entry (PCOS: n = 170; non-PCOS: n = 321, mean BMI: 36). Linear and binary (multinomial) logistic regressions were used, and the analyses were adjusted for age, waist-hip circumference ratio, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). No statistically significant differences in dietary intake or physical activity were observed between the two groups. The overall score of emotional eating was 34.6 ± 11.2 in the PCOS group and 34.1 ± 11.3 in the non-PCOS group (p = 0.11). QoL scores (physical and mental) did not differ between PCOS and non-PCOS women. These findings suggest that infertile women with PCOS and obesity and infertile non-PCOS obese controls do not have different dietary habits and have similar mental and physical QoL.
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Associations of diet, physical activity and polycystic ovary syndrome in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Women's Study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:35. [PMID: 33407255 PMCID: PMC7789704 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current evidence supports the adoption of healthy diet and physical activity (PA) behaviors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), given the positive effects of those behaviors on physical well-being. An improved understanding of the associations between diet and PA with PCOS is needed to ascertain whether tailored dietary and PA recommendations are needed for this population. Thus, we investigated the associations of diet and PA with PCOS and its isolated features. Methods Cross-sectional study. Of the 748 women who were included in this study from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Women’s Study, 40 were classified as having PCOS, 104 had isolated hyperandrogenism (HA) and 75 had isolated oligomenorrhea (OA). Dietary intake was measured using the CARDIA diet history questionnaire and diet quality was scored using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010; a higher score indicated a better quality diet. Self-reported PA was measured using a validated interviewer-administered questionnaire. Polytomous logistic regression analyses examined the associations between diet and PA with PCOS, HA, and OA status (outcomes), adjusting for age, race, total energy intake, education, and/or body mass index. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Mean age of the participants was 25.4 years (SD 3.6) and 46.8% of participants were Black women. There was little to no association of total energy intake, nutrients, diet quality, and PA with PCOS, HA or OA status. Conclusion Energy intake, nutrient composition, diet quality, and PA were not associated with PCOS, supporting recent PCOS guidelines of using national recommendations for the general population to encourage health-promoting behaviors among women with PCOS. However, longitudinal studies evaluating changes in diet and physical activity in relation to the development and/or the progression of PCOS are needed to establish a causal association. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-10028-5.
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Zheng X, Chen Y, Ma D, Zhang M, Huang Y, Tong M, Yan B, Lin S, Yan X, Liu C. Correlation Between Daily Energy Intake from Fat with Insulin Resistance in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:295-303. [PMID: 33519218 PMCID: PMC7837551 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s287936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible correlation between the percentage of daily energy intake from fat (PEF) with insulin resistance (IR) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 186 females with PCOS were screened. Daily dietary intake data were collected by a trained nutritionist using the 24-h dietary recall method over three consecutive days. A total of 111 subjects who had complete data were divided into two groups based on the percentage of daily energy intake from fat (PEF): the normal PEF (NPEF) group (PEF < 30%) and the high PEF (HPEF) group (PEF ≥ 30%). Pearson's correlation analysis and stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation of PEF with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS The total prevalence rate of overweight/obesity was 80.2%. There were significant differences in waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR (P < 0.001) among the normal weight, the overweight, and the obese groups, but no significant differences were observed in total energy and dietary macronutrients intake in the three groups. The daily intake of fat and protein, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR in the NPEF group were significantly higher than those in the HPEF group. Pearson's correlation analysis showed PEF in PCOS women was negatively correlated with BMI (r= -0.189, p=0.047) and HOMA-IR (log-transformed) (r= -0.217, p=0.022). Further, stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis showed PEF was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The percentage of daily energy intake from fat is negatively correlated with IR in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun Chen
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Danyan Ma
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mulin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen, China
| | - Yinxiang Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen, China
| | - Meifeng Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaowei Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiaohong Yan Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaTel +86-592-2662318Fax +86-592-2662318 Email
| | - Changqin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen Clinical Medical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Xiamen, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Correspondence: Changqin Liu Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaTel +86-592-2137796Fax +86-592-2137189 Email
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Effects of high protein, low-glycemic index diet on lean body mass, strength, and physical performance in late postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:307-317. [PMID: 33201025 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether increasing protein consumption to twice the recommended daily allowance (RDA) by The Institute of Medicine affects lean body mass (LBM), muscle strength, and physical performance in late postmenopausal women. METHODS Parallel-group randomized trial with 26 apparently healthy women aged ≥ 65 years. Participants were randomly assigned to low-glycemic index diets with protein consumption at current RDA (0.8 g/kg body weight) or twice the RDA (2RDA, 1.6 g/kg body weight). Protein intake was assessed by 24-hours urinary nitrogen excretion. Change in LBM was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 3 and 6 months. Secondary outcomes were appendicular lean mass, handgrip strength by dynamometry, and physical performance by gait speed. RESULTS Mean age was 70.8 ± 3.6 years, and mean BMI was 26.1 ± 3.5 kg/m2 in the overall sample. The RDA and 2RDA groups did not differ regarding baseline dietary intake. Changes from baseline in LBM (0.07 kg; 95% CI, -0.39; 0.52 kg; P = 0.100) and appendicular lean mass (0.07 kg; 95% CI, -0.34; 0.47 kg; P = 0.100) did not differ between the groups. Total body fat (-1.41 kg; 95% CI, -2.62; 0.20 kg; P = 0.019) and trunk fat mass (-0.90 kg; 95% CI, -1.55; -0.24 kg; P = 0.005) decreased similarly in both groups at the end of intervention. Adjusting for baseline BMI did not alter these findings. Handgrip strength and 4-m gait speed increased after the intervention, with no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Protein intake exceeding the RDA did not increase LBM, strength, and physical performance in a sample of late postmenopausal woman consuming a low-glycemic index diet for 6 months.
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Rodriguez Paris V, Solon-Biet SM, Senior AM, Edwards MC, Desai R, Tedla N, Cox MJ, Ledger WL, Gilchrist RB, Simpson SJ, Handelsman DJ, Walters KA. Defining the impact of dietary macronutrient balance on PCOS traits. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5262. [PMID: 33067453 PMCID: PMC7568581 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle, mainly dietary, interventions are first-line treatment for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the optimal diet remains undefined. We combined a hyperandrogenized PCOS mouse model with a systematic macronutrient approach, to elucidate the impact of dietary macronutrients on the development of PCOS. We identify that an optimum dietary macronutrient balance of a low protein, medium carbohydrate and fat diet can ameliorate key PCOS reproductive traits. However, PCOS mice display a hindered ability for their metabolic system to respond to diet variations, and varying macronutrient balance did not have a beneficial effect on the development of metabolic PCOS traits. We reveal that PCOS traits in a hyperandrogenic PCOS mouse model are ameliorated selectively by diet, with reproductive traits displaying greater sensitivity than metabolic traits to dietary macronutrient balance. Hence, providing evidence to support the development of evidence-based dietary interventions as a promising strategy for the treatment of PCOS, especially reproductive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rodriguez Paris
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Melissa C Edwards
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Reena Desai
- Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Nicodemus Tedla
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Madeleine J Cox
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - William L Ledger
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Robert B Gilchrist
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Kirsty A Walters
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia.
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Japur CC, Diez-Garcia RW, de Oliveira Penaforte FR, das Graças Pena G, de Araújo LB, de Sá MFS. Insulin, ghrelin and early return of hunger in women with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. Physiol Behav 2019; 206:252-258. [PMID: 30894307 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have greater predisposition to obesity, but the mechanisms are still unknown. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and low levels of ghrelin are common in this group. For the purposes of the present study, it was assumed that such changes could have an influence on hunger. This study aimed to assess the hunger pattern before and after an ad libitum meal and the association between insulin and plasma ghrelin with hunger perception in women with obesity, with and without PCOS. METHOD This cross-sectional study included 53 women with obesity, 30 with PCOS, and 23 controls (with obesity but without PCOS). Insulin, ghrelin, glucose and subjective ratings of hunger (by 100 mm visual analogue scales) were analyzed in a fasting state, preprandially at 12:00 before the ad libitum meal, and postprandially 15, 45, 75 and 135 min after the beginning of the ad libitum meal. RESULTS There was a significant increase in hunger one hour after the beginning of the ad libitum meal (75 min) in the PCOS group (p = .01) compared to 15 min, whereas this only occurred after 135 min in the control group (2 h later). The usual energy intake adjusted by the intra-individual variability was higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (2309 ± 461 kcal·d-1 × 2124 ± 480 kcal·d-1; p = .04). The concentrations of insulin and ghrelin, in both preprandial and postprandial periods, were not associated with the perception of hunger. CONCLUSIONS Women with obesity and PCOS had an earlier return of hunger in the postprandial period after an ad libitum meal, but there was not associated with postprandial ghrelin and insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cremonezi Japur
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Practice and Eating Behaviour Laboratory - PrátiCA, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rosa Wanda Diez-Garcia
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Practice and Eating Behaviour Laboratory - PrátiCA, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues de Oliveira Penaforte
- Departament of Nutrition, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil; Practice and Eating Behaviour Laboratory - PrátiCA, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Marcos Felipe Silva de Sá
- Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Cutler DA, Pride SM, Cheung AP. Low intakes of dietary fiber and magnesium are associated with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome: A cohort study. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1426-1437. [PMID: 31024716 PMCID: PMC6475723 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often have insulin resistance (IR) which may be worsened by obesity. The roles of dietary intake and activity are unclear. Our objectives were to determine whether (a) high caloric intake or inactivity explains obesity in PCOS, and (b) dietary composition is associated with PCOS phenotypes. METHODS Eighty-seven women with PCOS and 50 women without PCOS participated in this cohort study at a reproductive medicine center. Data collected included 3-day food and physical activity records, anthropometrics, and metabolic and hormonal assays. RESULTS Women with PCOS had increased body mass index (BMI) but similar caloric intake and activity to women without PCOS. There were no differences in protein, carbohydrates, fat, or glycemic load consumption, but women with PCOS consumed less fiber (medians: 19.6 vs. 24.7 g) and less magnesium (medians: 238.9 vs. 273.9 mg). In women with PCOS, those with IR consumed less fiber, less magnesium, and greater glycemic load than those without IR (medians: 18.2 vs. 22.1 g, 208.4 vs. 264.5 mg, 89.6 vs. 83.5). Fiber intake of women with PCOS was negatively correlated with IR, fasting insulin, glucose tolerance, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Magnesium intake was negatively correlated with IR, C-reactive protein, and testosterone, but positively correlated with HDL cholesterol. Fiber intake and BMI accounted for 54.0% of the variance observed in IR. CONCLUSIONS Obesity in women with PCOS could not be explained by overeating or inactivity. Increasing dietary fiber and magnesium intakes may assist in reducing IR and hyperandrogenemia in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A. Cutler
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Sheila M. Pride
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Anthony P. Cheung
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Grace Fertility & Reproductive MedicineVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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11
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A review on role of medicinal plants in polycystic ovarian syndrome: Pathophysiology, neuroendocrine signaling, therapeutic status and future prospects. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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12
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Cunha NBD, Ribeiro CT, Silva CM, Rosa-E-Silva ACJDS, De-Souza DA. Dietary intake, body composition and metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2342-2348. [PMID: 30449604 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Overweight polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients present exacerbation of clinical symptoms and increased risk for chronic diseases. The effects of inadequate dietary intake have been investigated in body weight gain in PCOS women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary pattern and to analyze possible associations with the metabolism and body composition in PCOS women. METHODS A case-control study was performed with thirty-nine women diagnosed with PCOS and thirty-five control women, matched by age and body mass index. A body composition assessment was performed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and food intake was assessed using the seven-day food record. The metabolic parameters evaluated were fasting glucose, insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment-estimated Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS No significant differences were observed in dietary intake of women with or without PCOS. In the analysis of the associations between dietary intake, metabolic parameters and body composition, PCOS women showed an inverse correlation between dietetic fiber intake and HOMA-IR index (r = -0.365; p = 0.024). Also in PCOS group, dietary fiber intake presented an inverse correlation with total body fat (r = -0.401; p = 0.011), trunk fat (r = -0.388; p = 0.015), and android fat (r = -0.431; p = 0.006). PCOS women group had higher glucose 120', compared to those without PCOS (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that the adequate intake of dietary fiber contributes to more appropriate body composition and glucose metabolism in PCOS women and possibly toward the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Bernardes da Cunha
- Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Clinical Nutrition, Multidisciplinary Residency in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2H, Uberlândia, MG, CEP-38405-320, Brazil.
| | - Camila Toffoli Ribeiro
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2H, Uberlândia, MG, CEP-38405-320, Brazil.
| | - Catarina Mendes Silva
- Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Clinical Nutrition, Multidisciplinary Residency in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2H, Uberlândia, MG, CEP-38405-320, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Japur de Sá Rosa-E-Silva
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Daurea Abadia De-Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2H, Sala 1, Uberlândia, MG, CEP-38405-320, Brazil.
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Kazemi M, McBreairty LE, Chizen DR, Pierson RA, Chilibeck PD, Zello GA. A Comparison of a Pulse-Based Diet and the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet in Combination with Exercise and Health Counselling on the Cardio-Metabolic Risk Profile in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1387. [PMID: 30274344 PMCID: PMC6212867 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of a low-glycemic index pulse-based diet, containing lentils, beans, split peas, and chickpeas, to the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet on cardio-metabolic measures in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Ninety-five women (18⁻35 years) enrolled in a 16-week intervention; 30 women in the pulse-based and 31 in the TLC groups completed the study. Women participated in aerobic exercise training (minimum 5 days/week for 45 min/day) and were counselled (monthly) about PCOS and lifestyle modification. Women underwent longitudinal follow-up post-intervention. The pulse-based group had a greater reduction in total area under the curve for insulin response to a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (mean change ± SD: -121.0 ± 229.9 vs. -27.4 ± 110.2 µIU/mL × min; p = 0.05); diastolic blood pressure (-3.6 ± 6.7 vs. -0.2 ± 6.7 mmHg, p = 0.05); triglyceride (-0.2 ± 0.6 vs. 0.0 ± 0.5 mmol/L, p = 0.04); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.2 ± 0.4 vs. -0.1 ± 0.4 mmol/L, p = 0.05); total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C; -0.4 ± 0.4 vs. 0.1 ± 0.4, p < 0.001); and a greater increase in HDL-C (0.1 ± 0.2 vs. -0.1 ± 0.2 mmol/L, p < 0.01) than the TLC group. Decreased TC/HDL-C (p = 0.02) at six-month and increased HDL-C and decreased TC/HDL-C (p ≤ 0.02) at 12-month post-intervention were maintained in the pulse-based group. A pulse-based diet may be more effective than the TLC diet at improving cardio-metabolic disease risk factors in women with PCOS. TRIAL REGISTRATION CinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01288638.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kazemi
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Laura E McBreairty
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Donna R Chizen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada.
| | - Roger A Pierson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada.
| | - Philip D Chilibeck
- College of Kinesiology, Physical Activity Complex, University of Saskatchewan, 87 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2, Canada.
| | - Gordon A Zello
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is high among reproductive-age women and is associated with impaired reproductive function. Obesity is multifactorial in origin, yet many cases of obesity result from overconsumption of a diet high in fat. Excess dietary fat increases both adipose and nonadipose tissue lipid content and, through lipotoxicity, leads to cell dysfunction and death. High dietary fat intake, with or without the development of obesity, impairs female hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis functionality and fertility. Based on the current evidence, it appears the reproductive dysfunction involves increased leptin and insulin signaling at the various levels of the HPO axis, as well as changes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ actions and increased inflammation, yet other mechanisms may also be involved. This review summarizes the current body of knowledge on impaired female reproductive function after high-fat diet exposure, as well as discusses proposed mechanisms through which this may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Hohos
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Malgorzata E Skaznik-Wikiel
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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15
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Shishehgar F, Ramezani Tehrani F, Mirmiran P, Hajian S, Baghestani AR, Moslehi N. Comparison of Dietary Intake between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women and Controls. Glob J Health Sci 2016; 8:54801. [PMID: 27157182 PMCID: PMC5064084 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n9p302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complicated endocrinopathy affecting women in reproductive age. The crucial role of obesity and insulin resistance in progression of metabolic and cardiovascular features of PCOS has been confirmed. Although it has been suggested that there is a possible association between dietary pattern and risk of PCOS, few studies investigating the diet composition of PCOS women. The aim of this study was to compare the dietary intakes between women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and eumenorrheic non hirsute women. This was a case control study of 142 women with PCOS and 140 eumenorrheic non hirsute healthy age and BMI matched controls. We compared the dietary intakes of our study group using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), using T-test or Mann-Whitney to compare the means of two groups. One way Anova was used to compare the tertiles of GI and GL in each group and a two way ANOVA was used to compare between tertiles of GI-GL and groups. The results demonstrated that energy and macronutrient intakes in PCOS women compared to controls were similar. PCOS group consumed more food items with high glycemic index (p=0.042) and less legumes (P=0.026) and vegetables (p=0.037) than controls. Both groups in the highest tertile of glycemic load (GL) had higher body mass index and waist circumference. Considering the results of this study, it was concluded that PCOS women had a dietary pattern that was characterized by a higher consumption of high GI food items and lower legumes and vegetables.
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16
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Ehsani B, Moslehi N, Mirmiran P, Ramezani Tehrani F, Tahmasebinejad Z, Azizi F. A visceral adiposity index-related dietary pattern and the cardiometabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Nutr 2015; 35:1181-7. [PMID: 26699405 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Visceral adiposity index (VAI), an indicator of visceral adiposity, has been found to be associated with cardiometabolic disturbances in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The association of dietary intakes with VAI, and subsequently cardiometabolic variables is still unclear. The aims of this study were to identify a dietary pattern associated with VAI and to investigate whether this pattern is associated with cardiometabolic variables in PCOS women. METHODS The study was conducted on 53 PCOS women, aged 18-45 years, diagnosed according to National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria, and 167 age-matched normo-ovulatory women who were recruited from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Reduced rank regression was applied to determine a dietary pattern that explains the maximum variation of the VAI. Associations between the dietary pattern and cardiometabolic profiles were investigated using linear and logistic regression, adjusted for age and BMI. RESULTS A VAI dietary pattern was identified characterized by high consumption of fried vegetables, vegetable oils (except olive oil), salty snacks, legumes, eggs, fast foods and low consumption of traditional sweets, high and low fat dairy, cruciferous vegetables, sugars and honey. A one standard deviation (SD) increase in dietary pattern score was significantly associated with higher triglycerides (TGs) (βcontrol = 0.22, p = 0.003; βcase = 0.48, p = 0.001) and TGs/HDL-C ratio (βcontrol = 0.23, p = 0.002; βcase = 0.52, p = 0.001) in both groups. After adjusting for age and BMI, a 1-SD increase in dietary pattern score was associated with increased risk of VAD in PCOS (OR 2.77; 95% CI 1.15, 6.66) and control groups (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.41-4.12). In the control group, the risk of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, hyperglycemia and IGT + IFG increased significantly per 1-SD increase in dietary pattern score, which all remained significant after adjusting for age and BMI, except for the risk of high LDL-C. Among the cardiometabolic abnormalities, only the risk of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly associated with dietary pattern score in women with PCOS, which lost its significance after adjusting for age and BMI. CONCLUSION The VAI dietary pattern affects most cardiometabolic variables in controls, but to a lesser extent in PCOS women. Our study suggests that relationships between diet and cardiometabolic risk profiles may be modified by PCOS status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Ehsani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Moslehi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zhale Tahmasebinejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Hart K, Barr S, Reeves S, Sharp K, Jeanes Y. Suboptimal dietary intake is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Nutr Diet 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Hart
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Surrey; Surrey UK
| | - Suzanne Barr
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Roehampton; London UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Sue Reeves
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Roehampton; London UK
| | - Kay Sharp
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Roehampton; London UK
| | - Yvonne Jeanes
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Roehampton; London UK
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18
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The effect of chromium supplementation on polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2015; 28:114-8. [PMID: 25850593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition. Treatment with chromium has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in adults with PCOS. Treatment of adolescents with PCOS remains a challenge. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of chromium supplementation on the various components of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent girls. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-five adolescent girls with PCOS were enrolled. History of menstrual irregularities was recorded. All underwent physical examination for presence of acne, scoring of hirsutism, and calculation of body mass index. Pelvic ultrasonography was done and serum free testosterone was measured in all subjects. All subjects received 1000 μg chromium picolinate for 6 months followed by re-evaluation. RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 15.5 (1) years (range: 14-17 y). No significant change in BMI standard deviation score (SDS) with chromium supplementation was noted (1.9 (0.7) SDS vs 2 (0.7) SDS, P = .638). The number of patients with oligo/amenorrhea decreased with treatment (29/35 (83%) versus 11/35 (31%), P < .001). Significant reduction in mean ovarian volume (P < .001), total follicular count (P < .034), and free testosterone (P< .002) was observed. No significant improvement in acne or hirsutim was noted. CONCLUSION Supplementation with chromium to adolescents with PCOS is a promising treatment option.
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19
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El-Sharkawy AA, Abdelmotaleb GS, Aly MK, Kabel AM. Effect of metformin on sleep disorders in adolescent girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2014; 27:347-52. [PMID: 25256878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have a high prevalence of sleep disorders. Metformin is an antidiabetic drug that may have a role in treatment of the manifestations of PCOS. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of sleep disorders in adolescent girls with PCOS and to study the effects of using metformin on sleep disorders in these girls. METHODS This study was carried out on 90 adolescent girls aging from 12 to 18 years who were divided into 3 equal groups: control untreated group, untreated PCOS group, and PCOS + metformin group. Body weight, height, body mass index, hirsutism score, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index, sleep disturbances scale, and Epworth sleepiness scale were measured. RESULTS Metformin administration resulted in significant decrease in the body weight, body mass index, hirsutism score, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, HOMA index, sleep disturbances scale, and Epworth sleepiness scale compared to the untreated PCOS group. CONCLUSION Metformin can reduce the incidence of sleep disorders and excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescent girls with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammed K Aly
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
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20
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Lin AW, Lujan ME. Comparison of dietary intake and physical activity between women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome: a review. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:486-96. [PMID: 25469380 PMCID: PMC4188220 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.005561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age worldwide. In addition to deleterious effects on fertility imparted by PCOS, women with PCOS are at increased risk of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, depression, and certain cancers. Hormonal and metabolic aberrations in PCOS have the potential to influence dietary intake and physical activity levels. There are emerging global data that women with PCOS have different baseline dietary energy intakes compared with women without PCOS. These alterations in diet may exacerbate clinical symptoms and compound risk of chronic disease in patients. Few studies have compared baseline physical activity levels between women with and without PCOS. Although comparisons between studies are confounded by several factors, the data point to no differences in activity levels among PCOS and non-PCOS groups. This review provides an assessment of the current literature on baseline dietary intake and physical activity levels in women with PCOS. Future recommendations to strengthen research in this area are provided, given the implications to aid in the development of effective nutrition-focused interventions for PCOS.
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Rodrigues AMDS, Martins LB, Franklin AMT, Candido AL, Santos LCD, Ferreira AVM. Poor quality diet is associated with overweight status and obesity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Hum Nutr Diet 2014; 28 Suppl 2:94-101. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. dos S. Rodrigues
- Department of Nutrition; Nursing School; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - L. B. Martins
- Department of Nutrition; Nursing School; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - A. M. T. Franklin
- Department of Nutrition; Nursing School; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - A. L. Candido
- Department of Medical Clinic; Medicine School; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - L. C. dos Santos
- Department of Nutrition; Nursing School; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - A. V. M. Ferreira
- Department of Nutrition; Nursing School; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
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Dietary glycemic index is associated with less favorable anthropometric and metabolic profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome women with different phenotypes. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:1081-8. [PMID: 23830153 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare glycemic index (GI) in the usual diet of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and control women and to investigate whether dietary GI is associated with body composition and anthropometric and metabolic variables across PCOS phenotypes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University hospital outpatient clinic. PATIENT(S) Sixty-one women with PCOS and 44 nonhirsute women with ovulatory cycles. INTERVENTION(S) Metabolic work-up, biochemical and hormonal assays, assessment of body composition and rest metabolic rate, physical activity (pedometer), and food consumption (food frequency questionnaire). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) GI, glycemic load, dietary intake, and hormone and metabolic profile in PCOS versus control and in PCOS women stratified by tertiles of GI and PCOS phenotype. RESULT(S) Mean age was 23.7 ± 6.3 years. Participants with PCOS had higher body fat percentage, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, lipid accumulation product, and androgen levels compared with control women. PCOS and control women in the highest tertile of GI had higher body mass index and waist circumference than those in the lowest tertile. Dietary GI was higher in the classic PCOS group. Obesity and this more severe PCOS phenotype explained 28.3% of variance in dietary GI. CONCLUSION(S) Dietary GI is increased in the classic PCOS phenotype and associated with a less favorable anthropometric and metabolic profile. Obesity and classic PCOS phenotype are age-independent predictors of higher dietary GI.
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Radavelli-Bagatini S, de Oliveira IO, Ramos RB, Santos BR, Wagner MS, Lecke SB, Gigante DP, Horta BL, Spritzer PM. Haplotype TGTG from SNP 45T/G and 276G/T of the adiponectin gene contributes to risk of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:497-502. [PMID: 23685884 DOI: 10.3275/8966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haplotypes of adiponectin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) might be related to metabolic disorders. AIM To assess whether the prevalence of SNP 45T/G and 276G/T of the adiponectin gene and their haplotypes differ between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and non-hirsute cycling controls and to investigate the relationship between these haplotypes and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this case-control study, 80 women with PCOS and 1500 non-hirsute controls with regular cycles underwent clinical and laboratory measurements. Genotype distribution was analyzed by conventional PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS Compared to controls, PCOS women had greater body mass index (BMI) (31.0±7.9 kg/m² vs 23.4±4.6 kg/m²; p<0.001), waist circumference (92.2±18.8 cm vs 74.5±10.2 cm; p<0.001), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (124.6±19.9 vs 111.5±13.0 mmHg and 79.2±12.5 vs 71.8±10.6 mmHg; p<0.025), as well as a worse lipid profile (p<0.007), even after adjustment for age and BMI. Genotype distribution was similar in PCOS and controls (45T/G: p=0.399; 276G/T: p=0.135). Six haplotypes were inferred and their frequencies differed significantly between the groups (p=0.001). The TGTG haplotype was more frequent in PCOS than controls (41.3 vs 18.9%). In PCOS, the GG genotype for SNP 276 (p=0.031) and the TGTG haplotype (p=0.023) were associated with higher systolic blood pressure vs other genotypes and haplotypes. Body composition, glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were similar across genotypes and haplotypes in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Haplotype TGTG from adiponectin gene variants 45T/G and 276G/T is related to susceptibility to PCOS, and might be associated with increased blood pressure in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Radavelli-Bagatini
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Altieri P, Cavazza C, Pasqui F, Morselli AM, Gambineri A, Pasquali R. Dietary habits and their relationship with hormones and metabolism in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 78:52-9. [PMID: 22288821 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates energy intake, macronutrient composition and habitual food choices in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and controls similar for age and body mass index (BMI), and their relationship with hormonal and metabolic parameters. DESIGN Case-control study carried out in an academic hospital in Bologna, Italy. PATIENTS One-hundred obese or overweight (BMI >25 kg/m(2) ) women with PCOS, diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria, and 100 age- and BMI-matched controls. MEASUREMENTS Dietary habits were investigated by means of the 7 days food diary. Fasting hormones and metabolic parameters were investigated in all subjects. RESULTS We showed that diet does not differ between the two groups as regards energy, macronutrient and advanced glycosylated end product intake, except for a lower percentage of energy from lipids and a higher intake of fibres by PCOS women. PCOS women were characterized by a higher consumption of cheese and high-glycaemic index starchy sweets and a preference for raw oil rather than other cooked fats, compared to controls. The PCOS or control status influenced some of the relationships between dietary components, food choices and metabolic parameters, particularly insulin(AUC) and HDL-cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS This study did not find major differences in dietary habits between PCOS and normoandrogenic control women. Our findings support the hypothesis that specific foods may influence metabolic and hormonal pattern and that this relationship may be differently regulated in PCOS and normoandrogenic women; however, they give little support to the hypothesis of a strong dependence of PCOS status on nutritional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Altieri
- Division of Endocrinology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Dietary intake, glucose metabolism and sex hormones in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with women with non-PCOS-related infertility. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:2190-8. [PMID: 23046530 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512004369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated dietary intake, glucose metabolism and sex hormones in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A total of forty-five women (aged 25–40 years) with PCOS and 161 control women (aged 25–43 years) with non-PCOS-related infertility were recruited. Anthropometry, glucose tolerance and sex hormones were determined and dietary intake was assessed. Women with PCOS had lower serum sex hormone-binding globulin and increased BMI, waist:hip ratio, luteinising hormone, ratio of luteinising hormone: follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone and free androgen index (FAI). Postprandial glucose, fasting insulin and insulin resistance were elevated in women with PCOS. Women with PCOS had reduced energy and carbohydrate intake but higher fat intake. Serum sex hormone-binding globulin level was negatively associated with BMI in both groups and negatively correlated with macronutrient intake in the PCOS group with hyperandrogenism. However, FAI was positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference and glucose metabolic parameters in both groups. Therefore, women with PCOS consume lower energy and carbohydrate compared with those with non-PCOS-related infertility and macronutrient intake is only negatively associated with serum sex hormone-binding globulin level in the PCOS group with hyperandrogenism.
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Graff SK, Alves BC, Toscani MK, Spritzer PM. Benefits of pedometer-measured habitual physical activity in healthy women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 37:149-56. [DOI: 10.1139/h11-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed at (i) characterizing pedometer-determined physical activity and (ii) examining its associations with dietary intake and anthropometric and metabolic profile in healthy women. Anthropometric and metabolic profile was evaluated in 68 healthy women of reproductive age. Habitual physical activity was assessed using a pedometer for 6 consecutive days, including weekends. Participants were stratified into active and inactive according to the mean steps·day–1(≥6000 and <6000, respectively). Food consumption was evaluated by 24-h recall in a subsample of 35 participants. Thirty-eight women were defined as active and had significantly lower body mass index (BMI), fat percentage, waist circumference, sum of skinfold thickness, insulin, and HOMA than the sedentary group. Mean BMI was 27 kg·m–2(overweight) in active participants and 31 kg·m–2(class I obesity) in inactive participants. Active women consumed more carbohydrates (55.5% ± 9.4% vs. 46.3% ± 7.6%) and calories (2138 ± 679 vs. 1664 ± 558 kcal), and less protein (15.4% ± 4.2% vs. 19.9% ± 5.8%) and lipids (29.0% ± 7.2% vs. 33.8% ± 6.2%) than inactive individuals (p < 0.05). Fiber, cholesterol, and fatty acid intake was similar in both groups. The number of steps was lower on Sunday than on weekdays for the overall group. Using a pedometer for 3 days was sufficient to determine habitual physical activity (sensitivity: 94%; specificity 91% vs. 6 days of pedometer use). In the present study, nonstructured physical activity was associated with more adequate dietary consumption and contributed toward a healthier anthropometric and metabolic profile in young women, despite the high prevalence of overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scheila Karen Graff
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Hormones and Women’s Health, CNPq, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cherubini Alves
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariana Kirjner Toscani
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Hormones and Women’s Health, CNPq, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Hormones and Women’s Health, CNPq, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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