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Leslie WD, Binkley N, Schousboe JT, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Kanis JA. Effect of BMI-Discordant Abdominal Tissue Thickness on Fracture Probability: A Registry-Based Study. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1749-1756. [PMID: 37776220 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
FRAX, which is used to assess fracture probability, considers body mass index (BMI), but BMI may not reflect individual variation in body composition and distribution. We examined the effect of BMI-discordant abdominal thickness on FRAX-derived fracture probability for major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture. We studied 73,105 individuals, mean age 64.2 years. During mean 8.7 years, 7048 (9.6%) individuals sustained incident MOF, including 2155 (3.0%) hip fractures. We defined abdominal thickness index (ATI) as the difference between abdominal thickness measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and thickness predicted by BMI using sex-stratified regression. ATI was categorized from lower (<-2 cm, -2 to -1 cm) to higher (1-2 cm, >+2 cm) with referent around zero (-1 to +1 cm). Adjusted for FRAX probability, increasing ATI was associated with incident MOF and hip fracture (p < 0.001). For the highest ATI category, MOF risk was increased (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-1.35) independent of FRAX probability. Similar findings were noted for hip fracture probability (HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.09-1.51). There was significant age-interaction with much larger effects before age 65 years (HR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.23-1.69 for MOF; 2.29, 95% CI 1.65-3.18 for hip fracture). In contrast, for the subset of individuals with diabetes, there was also increased risk for those in the lowest ATI category (HR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.12-2.65 for MOF; 2.81, 95% CI 1.59-4.97 for hip fracture). Calibration plots across ATI categories demonstrated deviation from the line of identity in women (calibration slope 2.26 for MOF, 2.83 for hip fracture). An effect of ATI was not found in men, but this was inconclusive as the sex-interaction terms did not show significant effect modification. In conclusion, these data support the need to investigate increased abdominal thickness beyond that predicted by BMI and sex as a FRAX-independent risk factor for fracture. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Leslie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Neil Binkley
- Division of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John T Schousboe
- Division of Health Policy and Management, HealthPartners Institute and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eugene V McCloskey
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helena Johansson
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - John A Kanis
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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Kozakova M, Morizzo C, Jamagidze G, Della Latta D, Chiappino S, Chiappino D, Palombo C. Association between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Vascular Biomarkers in Primary Prevention. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1753. [PMID: 37371848 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several noninvasive vascular biomarkers have been proposed to improve risk stratification for atherothrombotic events. To identify biomarkers suitable for detecting intermediate-risk individuals who might benefit from lipid-lowering treatment in primary prevention, the present study tested the association of plasma LDL-cholesterol with coronary artery calcification (CAC) Agatston score, high carotid and femoral intima-media thickness (IMT), low carotid distensibility and high carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity in 260 asymptomatic individuals at intermediate cardiovascular risk and without diabetes and lipid-lowering treatment. High or low vascular biomarkers were considered when their value was above the 95th or below the 5th percentile, respectively, of the distribution in the healthy or in the study population. LDL-cholesterol was independently associated with the CAC score = 0 (OR 0.67; 95%CI 0.48-0.92, p = 0.01), CAC score > 100 (1.59; 1.08-2.39, p = 0.01) and high common femoral artery (CFA) IMT (1.89; 1.19-3.06, p < 0.01), but not with other biomarkers. Our data confirm that in individuals at intermediate risk, lipid-lowering treatment can be avoided in the presence of a CAC score = 0, while it should be used with a CAC score > 100. CFA IMT could represent a useful biomarker for decisions regarding lipid-lowering treatment. However, sex- and age-specific reference values should be established in a large healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kozakova
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Esaote SpA, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Carmela Morizzo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuli Jamagidze
- Imaging Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Daniele Della Latta
- Imaging Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 54100 Massa, Italy
- Bioengineering and Deep Health Units, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Sara Chiappino
- Imaging Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Dante Chiappino
- Imaging Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Carlo Palombo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Kaneko CK, Kaneko K, Jularattanaporn V, Nararatwanchai T. The relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and macular pigment optical density in hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional study. ASIAN BIOMED 2023; 17:144-149. [PMID: 37818160 PMCID: PMC10561677 DOI: 10.2478/abm-2023-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammation may be associated with macular pigment optical density (MPOD) degradation. Objectives The relationship between inflammation and MPOD is evaluated using inflammatory biomarkers, including high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), lipid level and ratio, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI). Method In this cross-sectional design, 62 hypertensive patients were recruited between January 6 and January 8, 2022, at a primary care unit. The MPOD was measured using the Macular pigment screener II. Blood tests for hsCRP, lipid profile, WC measurement, BMI calculation, and completing a questionnaire were conducted, and statistical analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel 2019 and Stata version 16.1. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to evaluate correlations. Multivariate analysis for adjusting confounders was done by logistic regression. Result There was a significant negative correlation between hsCRP >3 and MPOD (r = -0.26, P = 0.04). Conclusion Inflammation was linked to MPOD. Anti-inflammatory agents may be beneficial in preventing MPOD degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katsunori Kaneko
- Graduate School of Economics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka558-8585, Japan
| | - Vitoon Jularattanaporn
- School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Mae Fah Laung University, Bangkok10110, Thailand
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Clinical Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer Patients in terms of Selected Platelet Indices. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:6145604. [PMID: 33133303 PMCID: PMC7568811 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6145604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that inflammation, immune response, and coagulation status determine many processes during the carcinogenesis pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC). Inflammation strongly promotes tumor formation, progression, and metastasis. The systemic inflammatory response (SIR) may be reflected by simple indicators evaluated on the basis of peripheral blood morphology parameters. The indices are easily obtained by the peripheral blood test and could be promising biomarkers for CRC. We present the results of the retrospective study evaluating the potential relation between the platelet indices (platelet count (PC), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil platelet score (NPS), mean platelet volume (MPV), and MPV/PC ratio) and the clinicopathological features of CRC patients. The study included 247 patients (104 males and 143 females) aged 39-87 years with CRC stages II-IV. The complete blood counts with the automated differential counts were performed prior to the qualification to systemic treatment. High PC, high PLR, and NPS 0 were associated with older age and higher BMI of the patients. No link between the analyzed platelet indices and histological grade of the tumor, primary tumor location, and gender was noted. The patients aged ≥65 years were characterized by the higher MPV/PC ratio than the younger population. We observed a trend to the higher MPV/PC ratio among the patients with excessive body weight defined by BMI compared to BMI within normal limits. A higher frequency of PC > 400, NPS 1 and 2, and a trend to more frequent PLR ≥ 150 were observed in the subgroup with metastatic disease compared to individuals with CRC stages II and III. The presented results expand the knowledge on potential association between SIR parameters and other clinicopathological factors that should be considered during interpreting the prognostic and predictive value of the inflammation parameters.
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Xia BW, Zhao SC, Chen ZP, Chen C, Liu TS, Yang F, Yan Y. The underlying mechanism of metabolic syndrome on benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate volume. Prostate 2020; 80:481-490. [PMID: 32104919 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential mechanism of the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on prostate volume (PV) and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)/lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and the relationships of MetS and the major pathogenic factors of MetS with the clinical progression of BPH/LUTS in older Chinese men. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We analyzed clinical data obtained from 506 ostensibly healthy men who underwent routine health check-ups and recruited 415 subjects from a group of previously studied men after 4 years. We evaluated the associations of major pathological factors of MetS, including insulin resistance, subclinical inflammatory state, and sex hormone changes, with PV, the risk of BPH and the clinical progression of BPH/LUTS by using multiple linear regression and logistic regression. RESULTS After adjustment for age, insulin, HOMA (homeostatic model assessment) index, leptin, resistin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), sex hormone-binding globulin, and testosterone levels were significantly associated with PV (all P < .05), and in the age-adjusted logistic regression model, positive associations of resistin and TNF-α with BPH/LUTS were found (OR, 1.662, P = .007 and OR, 1.044, P < .001, respectively). Predictors of BPH/LUTS clinical progression were significantly correlated with MetS and TNF-α. The group with higher TNF-α levels had a higher rate of newly diagnosed BPH (9.5% vs 19.1%, P = .006) and a greater increase in PV levels (0.61 ± 0.08 vs 1.09 ± 0.35 cm3 , P <.001) after 4 years. CONCLUSIONS MetS and its pathological factors were associated with an increased PV and an increased risk of BPH/LUTS that is more prone to clinical progression. TNF-α may serve as an early biological indicator to identify which patients with BPH/LUTS are at higher risk of unfavorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Xia
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Cong Zhao
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-Ping Chen
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Shu Liu
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Xia BW, Zhao SC, Chen ZP, Chen C, Liu TS, Yang F, Yan Y. The association of pathogenic factors of metabolic syndrome on serum prostate-specific antigen levels: a pilot study. BMC Urol 2019; 19:119. [PMID: 31752806 PMCID: PMC6873556 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-019-0549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are correlated. To investigate the underlying effect of MetS on PSA levels, the relationship between the major pathogenic factors of MetS and serum PSA levels was studied. Methods A total of 506 ostensibly healthy men who underwent routine health check-ups were recruited to this study. We evaluated the effect of the major pathogenic factors of MetS, which included insulin resistance, a subclinical inflammatory state and sexual hormone changes, on serum PSA levels by using linear regression analysis and multivariate analysis after adjusting for age, BMI and prostate volume. Results When simultaneously adjusting for age, BMI, prostate volume and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum insulin levels and SHBG levels were inversely correlated with serum PSA levels (P = 0.049 and P = 0.004, respectively), and testosterone levels were positively correlated with serum PSA levels (P = 0.039). In multivariate regression models, serum insulin levels and serum SHBG levels were significantly associated with serum PSA levels (both P < 0.001). Conclusions Among the major pathogenic factors of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and sexual hormone changes may be the most significant contributors to the decline in serum PSA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Xia
- Department of Urology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10th Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Si-Cong Zhao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10th Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Zong-Ping Chen
- Department of Urology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10th Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Urology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10th Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Tian-Shu Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10th Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10th Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Urology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10th Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.
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Li MC, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Arvizu M, Chiu YH, Ford JB, Williams PL, Attaman J, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Waist circumference in relation to outcomes of infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technologies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 220:578.e1-578.e13. [PMID: 30763543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have documented a lower likelihood of live birth with increasing body mass index among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology, but few have examined the association with waist circumference, an anthropometric measure that allows assessment of central adiposity. OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between baseline waist circumference and infertility treatment outcomes among women undergoing treatment with assisted reproductive technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS We followed up 264 women who underwent 445 assisted reproductive technology cycles for infertility treatment at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 2010 and 2017. Waist circumference was assessed at enrollment. We used cluster-weighted generalized estimating equation models to estimate the probability of live birth by tertiles of waist circumference (<77, 77-86, >86 cm), while accounting for multiple treatment cycles per woman and adjusting for age, race, smoking, infertility diagnosis, day 3 follicle-stimulating hormone, body mass index, and height. RESULTS Mean (standard deviation) waist circumference and body mass index were 83.6 (12.6) cm and 24.1 (4.3) kg/m2, respectively. Waist circumference and body mass index were positively correlated (r = 0.69, P < .0001). Waist circumference was inversely related to the probability of live birth after adjusting for BMI and other confounders. The multivariable adjusted probability of live birth (95% confidence interval) for women in increasing tertiles of waist circumference were 53% (42-65%), 42% (32-53%), and 38% (28-50%) (P, trend = .04). When women were classified in joint categories of body mass index and waist circumference, women with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 and a waist circumference ≥77 cm had the lowest live birth rate (38% [27-50%]), whereas women with a body mass index between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2 and a waist circumference <77 cm had the highest (54% [42-66%]). The results were similar using different waist circumference cut-off values. CONCLUSION Waist circumference was inversely related to the probability of live birth among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology independently of body mass index.
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Yu JY, Choi WJ, Lee HS, Lee JW. Relationship between inflammatory markers and visceral obesity in obese and overweight Korean adults: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14740. [PMID: 30817629 PMCID: PMC6831265 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now considered a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. We investigated the relationship between several inflammatory markers and body composition for identifying patients with an increased risk of visceral obesity and compared the predictive values of inflammatory indices in visceral obesity.Six hundred individuals who received health checkups for obesity-related risk factors in Severance Hospital between January 2008 and March 2017 were included in our study. Serum inflammatory markers, such as white blood cell (WBC), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) levels were assessed. Intra-abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas were measured with computed tomography. We performed analysis of covariance, trend analysis, Steiger's Z tests, and multiple linear regression analysis to investigate associations between abdominal adiposity indices and inflammatory markers.Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a stronger association of VAT with WBC counts (r = 0.157, P < .001) than with levels of NLR (r = 0.108, P = .11; Steiger's Z test, P = .04) and PLR (r = 0.036, P = .39; Steiger's Z test, P = .003). WBC and hsCRP levels linearly increased with VAT area (overall P < .001 and trend P < .001) and VAT/SAT ratio (overall P = .001 and trend P = .002; overall P < .001 and trend P < .001, respectively) but linearly decreased with SAT (overall P = .02 and trend P = .17; overall P = .03 and trend P = .01, respectively). Visceral adipose tissue area was more highly associated with WBC and hsCRP levels than with NLR and PLR. Only VAT area was significantly associated with WBC, hsCRP, and NLR levels after adjusting for confounding variables.We found that VAT, but not SAT area is independently associated with several inflammatory markers. WBC and hsCRP are more strongly correlated with VAT compared with NLR and PLR. Thus, WBC and hsCRP could be useful parameters for identifying individuals at risk for visceral obesity and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeon Yu
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital
| | - Won-Jun Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital
| | - Hye-Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital
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Assessment of Dietary Patterns Represents a Potential, Yet Variable, Measure of Inflammatory Status: A Review and Update. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:3102870. [PMID: 30805036 PMCID: PMC6360584 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade, systemic inflammation is a well-characterized risk factor in the development of chronic metabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Diet could be an effective strategy for reducing inflammation associated with chronic disease. While anti-inflammatory properties of isolated dietary bioactive and functional foods have been routinely studied, the evaluation of dietary patterns on inflammation warrants further review-especially given the recent inclusion of dietary pattern recommendations into dietary guidelines and policies. Therefore, the objective of this narrative review is to examine current evidence linking diet to low-grade, systemic inflammation within the context of chronic disease. Specifically, we provide an update on the findings from human trials that have characterized anti-inflammatory properties of dietary patterns, defined by various methods and indexes. Given the complexity of interpreting results from dietary pattern analysis, we further present recent evidence on the anti-inflammatory roles of isolated bioactive nutrients and functional foods that are common components of distinct dietary patterns, in addition to considerations for interpreting dietary pattern research, population-specific dietary recommendations, and future studies. Overall, we observe a vast range of variability in the evidence from observational studies that have evaluated the relationships between healthy dietary patterns and inflammatory markers. These studies highlight the need for additional intervention studies with study designs that account for metabolic status, diversity in populations, breadth of inflammatory measurements, fasting vs. postprandial effects of diet, and control of confounding factors (e.g., genotype, microbiome profiles, and dietary adherence) in order to better understand the effect that diet has, as a whole, on inflammation. These strategies will help to strengthen diet recommendations aimed at reducing inflammation and chronic disease risk.
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Al-Domi H, Al-Shorman A. Increased waist circumference is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in schoolchildren. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:264-269. [PMID: 30641709 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waist circumference (WC) is an indicator of adiposity; particularly visceral fat, cardiometabolic risk factors and related morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the attribution of WC to increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and circulating levels of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in schoolchildren. METHODS A total of 122 children (61 boys and 61 girls) aged 10-15 years were distributed into three groups: (i) the lower smoothed sex- and age-specific WC (LWC) group (ii) the middle smoothed sex- and age-specific WC (MWC) group, and (iii) the higher smoothed sex- and age-specific WC (HWC) group. Measurements of cIMT using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound, lipemic profile, blood pressure, serum proinflammatory cytokines and soluble adhesion molecules were performed. RESULTS Mean measured values in the HWC and/or MWC groups showed significantly higher values (p ≤ 0.05) of cIMT (mm), total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), blood pressure, interlukien-6 (IL-6), and interlukien-1 beta (IL-1β), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and E-selectin, and significantly lower values of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as compared to the LWC group. Using multiple linear regression analysis of WC-SDS adjusted for BMI-SDS with the studied subclinical atherosclerosis risk, WC-SDS was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) associated with the variation in HDL (R2 = -0.12), LDL (R2 = 0.36), IL-6 (R2 = 0.26), and VCAM-1 (R2 = 0.26). CONCLUSIONS Higher WC is positively associated with atherosclerosis risk factors including increased cIMT, a state of dyslipidemia, higher blood pressure and circulating levels of inflammation and adhesion molecules among schoolchildren. Waist circumference seems to be useful for the prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis in schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder Al-Domi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Alaa Al-Shorman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
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Dahlberg CJ, Ou JJ, Babish JG, Lamb JJ, Eliason S, Brabazon H, Gao W, Kaadige MR, Tripp ML. A 13-week low glycemic load diet and lifestyle modification program combining low glycemic load protein shakes and targeted nutraceuticals improved weight loss and cardio-metabolic risk factors. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1414-1425. [PMID: 28800398 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An open-label, randomized, exploratory study of 44 healthy overweight subjects with cardio-metabolic syndrome (CMS) risk factors was conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a proprietary lifestyle modification program without (DIET) and with (PROG) targeted nutraceutical supplementation, including phytosterols, antioxidants, probiotics, fish oil, berberine, and soy, pea, and whey proteins over 13 weeks. Key metrics were recorded at baseline and weeks 9 and 13. For the DIET and PROG groups, compliance was 85% and 86%, respectively, with no adverse events related to the diet or supplements. Twelve subjects discontinued participation before week 9 for reasons unrelated to the study. PROG subjects experienced greater decreases (p < 0.05) than DIET in body mass, fat mass, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, TG, cholesterol / HDL ratio, TG/HDL ratio, apolipoprotein B / apolipoprotein A1 ratio, and hs-CRP. The Framingham 10-year cardiovascular disease risk score decreased by 40% (p < 0.01) in the PROG arm versus no change for the DIET arm. As a pilot study, it was not possible to state whether the observed effects were the result of nutraceutical supplementation alone or the result of additive or synergistic interactions among diet, lifestyle modifications, and nutraceutical supplementation. Moreover, individuals with CMS risk factors following a lifestyle modification program received additional health benefits from targeted nutraceutical supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton J Dahlberg
- a Hughes Center for Research and Innovation, Nature's Sunshine, 2500 Executive Parkway, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Joseph J Ou
- a Hughes Center for Research and Innovation, Nature's Sunshine, 2500 Executive Parkway, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - John G Babish
- b Bio Nexus Ltd., 53 Brown Road, Suite B, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Joseph J Lamb
- c Hypertension Institute of Nashville, St. Thomas Medical Group, 4230 Harding Road, Nashville, TN 37205, USA
| | - Sarah Eliason
- a Hughes Center for Research and Innovation, Nature's Sunshine, 2500 Executive Parkway, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Holly Brabazon
- a Hughes Center for Research and Innovation, Nature's Sunshine, 2500 Executive Parkway, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- a Hughes Center for Research and Innovation, Nature's Sunshine, 2500 Executive Parkway, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Mohan R Kaadige
- a Hughes Center for Research and Innovation, Nature's Sunshine, 2500 Executive Parkway, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Matthew L Tripp
- a Hughes Center for Research and Innovation, Nature's Sunshine, 2500 Executive Parkway, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
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Rastogi D, Jung M, Strizich G, Shaw PA, Davis SM, Klein OL, Penedo FJ, Ries AL, Daviglus ML, Moreiras JJ, Salathe MA, Celedón JC, Isasi CR, Kaplan RC. Association of systemic inflammation, adiposity, and metabolic dysregulation with asthma burden among Hispanic adults. Respir Med 2017; 125:72-81. [PMID: 28340865 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Obesity-related asthma is associated with higher disease burden than normal-weight asthma among Hispanics. Adiposity, metabolic dysregulation, and inflammation are all implicated in pathogenesis of obesity-related asthma, but their independent contributions are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To examine the independent contributions of body fat distribution, metabolic abnormalities and inflammation on asthma symptoms and pulmonary function among Hispanics. METHODS Participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos with doctor-diagnosed asthma who completed an asthma symptom questionnaire and performed a valid spirometry were included in the analysis (n = 1126). Multivariate analysis was used to examine the independent association of general adiposity (assessed using body mass index), truncal adiposity (assessed by waist circumference), metabolic dysregulation (presence of insulin resistance and low HDL) and inflammation (high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein≥3 mg/L) with reported asthma symptoms or pulmonary function measures (FEV1, and FVC) while adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. RESULTS Of the 1126 participants, 334 (29.5%) were overweight, and 648 (57.8%) were obese. FEV1 and FVC were lower in obese compared to normal-weight asthmatics. In analyses controlling for metabolic and adiposity factors, high hs-CRP (>7 mg/L) was associated with more symptoms (prevalence-ratio 1.27 (95%CI 1.05, 1.54), and lower FVC (β -138 ml (95%CI -27 ml, -249 ml)) and FEV1 (β -155 ml (95% CI -38 ml, -272 ml). Low HDL was also associated with lower FVC (β -111 ml (-22 ml, -201 ml) and FEV1 (β -100 ml (-12 ml, -188 ml)). Results were similar in men and women. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that hs-CRP and low HDL, rather than general and truncal adiposity, are associated with asthma burden among overweight and obese Hispanic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Rastogi
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Molly Jung
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | | | - Pamela A Shaw
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sonia M Davis
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Oana L Klein
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Andrew L Ries
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Carmen R Isasi
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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Nagy K, Ujszaszi A, Remport A, Kovesdy CP, Mucsi I, Molnar MZ, Mathe Z. Association of Abdominal Circumference, Body Mass Index, and Inflammation in Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Ren Nutr 2016; 26:325-33. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Nunes JED, Cunha HS, Freitas ZR, Nogueira AMC, Dâmaso AR, Espindola FS, Cheik NC. Interdisciplinary therapy changes superoxide dismutase activity and adiponectin in obese adolescents: a randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:945-50. [PMID: 26367325 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1080384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of interdisciplinary therapy in the parameters of the oxidative stress and the anti-inflammatory responses of obese adolescents. We selected 57 participants, who were randomly divided into 2 groups: interdisciplinary therapy group and a control group. After 6 months of intervention, 17 participants of the interdisciplinary therapy group and 8 of the control group returned for re-evaluation. The interdisciplinary therapy group participated in a treatment with 4 weekly sessions of exercise, a weekly group therapy session and a weekly nutritional education session. Blood parameters of oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response were evaluated. The results demonstrated that there were significant increases in the interdisciplinary therapy group for superoxide dismutase activity (6.56 ± 3.22 to 11.40 ± 7.49) and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential concentration (532.91 ± 106.48 to 573.25 ± 112.57), although adiponectin levels did not reduce (40.9 ± 29.34 to 49.05 ± 41.22). A significant decrease in nitrite levels was also found (14.23 ± 8.48 to 11.45 ± 6.05). In the control group, significant reduction was found in adiponectin (31.56 ± 18.88 to 18.01 ± 11.66). This study suggests that interdisciplinary therapy for 6 months was effective in improving the anti-inflammatory responses and the antioxidant defences in obese adolescents.
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Obesity-related insulin resistance: implications for the surgical patient. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1575-88. [PMID: 26028059 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In healthy surgical patients, preoperative fasting and major surgery induce development of insulin resistance (IR). IR can be present in up to 41% of obese patients without diabetes and this can rise in the postoperative period, leading to an increased risk of postoperative complications. Inflammation is implicated in the aetiology of IR. This review examines obesity-associated IR and its implications for the surgical patient. Searches of the Medline and Science Citation Index databases were performed using various key words in combinations with the Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT. Key journals, nutrition and metabolism textbooks and the reference lists of key articles were also hand searched. Adipose tissue has been identified as an active endocrine organ and the chemokines secreted as a result of macrophage infiltration have a role in the pathogenesis of IR. Visceral adipose tissue appears to be the most metabolically active, although results across studies are not consistent. Results from animal and human studies often provide conflicting results, which has rendered the pursuit of a common mechanistic pathway challenging. Obesity-associated IR appears, in part, to be related to inflammatory changes associated with increased adiposity. Postoperatively, the surgical patient is in a proinflammatory state, so this finding has important implications for the obese surgical patient.
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Saraf-Bank S, Esmaillzadeh A, Faghihimani E, Azadbakht L. Effect of non-soy legume consumption on inflammation and serum adiponectin levels among first-degree relatives of patients with diabetes: A randomized, crossover study. Nutrition 2015; 31:459-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ordonez FJ, Rosety MA, Camacho A, Rosety I, Diaz AJ, Fornieles G, Garcia N, Rosety-Rodriguez M. Aerobic training improved low-grade inflammation in obese women with intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2014; 58:583-590. [PMID: 23742222 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major health problem in people with intellectual disabilities. It is also widely accepted that low-grade systemic inflammation associated to obesity plays a key role in the pathogenic mechanism of several disorders. Fortunately, physical activity has shown to improve inflammation in people with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Accordingly, we assessed the influence of aerobic training on pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in women with Down syndrome. METHODS To achieve this outcome, 20 premenopausal obese young women with Down syndrome volunteered for this study. Eleven were randomly assigned to the intervention group and performed a 10-week aerobic training programme, three sessions per week, consisting of a warm-up then a 30- to 40-min treadmill exercise at a work intensity of 55-65% of peak heart rate followed by a cooling-down period. The control group included nine age-, sex- and body mass index-matched women with Down syndrome. Fat mass percentage and fat distribution were measured. Plasmatic levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and fibrinogen were assessed by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed by nephelometry. RESULTS Plasmatic levels of TNF-α (11.7 ± 1.6 vs. 9.2 ± 1.3 pg/ml; P = 0.022), IL-6 (8.2 ± 1.1 vs. 6.1 ± 0.9 pg/ml; P = 0.014) and high sensitive CRP (0.62 ± 0.11 vs. 0.53 ± 0.09 mg/dl; P = 0.009) were significantly reduced in the intervention group. Further, significant correlations between plasmatic and anthropometric parameters were found. CONCLUSION A 10-week training programme reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in obese young women with Down syndrome. Long-term, well-conducted studies are still required to determine whether correction of this low-grade inflammation improves clinical outcomes of women with trisomy 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Ordonez
- School of Sports Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
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Wang CH, Chung MH, Chan P, Tsai JC, Chen FC. Effects of endurance exercise training on risk components for metabolic syndrome, interleukin-6, and the exercise capacity of postmenopausal women. Geriatr Nurs 2014; 35:212-8. [PMID: 24679550 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We conducted this study to investigate how an exercise program affects the risk components of metabolic syndrome (MS), serum interleukin (IL)-6 levels, and exercise capacity in postmenopausal women. A randomized clinical trial design was used. Women in an exercise group participated in a treadmill-exercise program for 12 weeks, whereas women in a control group maintained their customary lifestyle. Data on variables were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks of the study, which was completed by 46 women (mean age, 56.0 ± 7.0 y). Our results indicate endurance exercise exerted significant beneficial effects on waist circumference, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and IL-6 levels, and exercise capacity (all P < 0.05). The beneficial effects on IL-6 and exercise capacity were correlated with improvements in HDL-C levels (r = -0.33, P = 0.03 and r = 0.31, P = 0.04, respectively). Our results suggest that health-care providers can incorporate an exercise program in treatments to improve the health of postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C; Department of Nursing, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Min-Huey Chung
- Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Paul Chan
- College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Chen Tsai
- School of Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Feng-Chia Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wei YF, Wu HD, Yung-Chieh Yen P, Huang CK, Tai CM, Hsuan CF. The impact of metabolic parameters on the change of pulmonary function in obese patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2014; 10:23-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Cervellati C, Bonaccorsi G, Cremonini E, Romani A, Castaldini C, Ferrazzini S, Giganti M, Fila E, Massari L, Bergamini CM. Waist circumference and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures of overall and central obesity are similarly associated with systemic oxidative stress in women. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2013; 74:102-7. [PMID: 24304466 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2013.860618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that overall and abdominal obesity might lead to oxidative stress (OxS), which, in turn, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of diseases. In this study, for the first time, we compared the correlations of indirect, i.e. anthropometric, and direct, by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), measures of body fat with circulatory OxS markers in women. To address this issue, we assessed central and total body fat mass (FM) by DXA, and serum levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), thiols and hydroperoxides in 275 healthy women (age 21-65 years; body mass index [BMI] 21.1-32.0 kg/m(2); waist circumference [WC] 60.1-109.9 cm). Among the markers considered in the study, only hydroperoxides levels, i.e. by-products of lipid peroxidation, were significantly (p < 0.05 for all) and positively correlated to body fat accumulation after controlling for confounding factors. In particular, this marker was found to be similarly associated with DXA-derived total FM, total FM % and trunk FM as well as with WC. Of note, hydroperoxides appeared to be correlated with abdominal but not with general obesity, as classified according to standard WC and BMI cut-offs, respectively. In conclusion, taken together our data demonstrated that, at least in women, the measurement of body FM by DXA has no advantage over the simpler and cheaper WC with regard to their associations with systemic OxS markers. Moreover, WC emerged as a superior potential predictor of OxS compared to the other most commonly used anthropometric measures (including BMI and waist to hip ratio).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics
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Alves NEG, Enes BN, Martino HSD, Alfenas RDCG, Ribeiro SMR. Meal replacement based on Human Ration modulates metabolic risk factors during body weight loss: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:939-50. [PMID: 24166510 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A meal replacement may be an effective strategy in the management of obesity to increase antioxidant intake, attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of a new nutritional supplement to reduce metabolic risk parameters in obese women. METHODS In a randomized controlled crossover study (2 × 2), 22 women (percentage body fat 40.52 ± 3.75%; body mass index-BMI 28.72 ± 2.87 kg/m²; 35.04 ± 5.6 years old) were allocated into two treatments: hypocaloric diet and drink containing "Human Ration" (HR) consumption (CRHR), and hypocaloric diet and control drink consumption (CR). The study consisted of 2 periods of 5 weeks with 1 week of washout in two orders (CR → CRHR and CRHR → CR). Caloric restriction was 15%, based on estimated energy requirement. Anthropometric, clinical and metabolic risk parameters were assessed at baseline and at the end of each period. RESULTS Some metabolic risk factors were favorably modulated in both interventions: reduction in body weight (CR -0.74 ± 1.27 kg; p = 0.01; CRHR -0.77 ± 1.3 kg; p = 0.02), body mass index (BMI) (CR -0.27 ± 0.51 kg/m²; p = 0.02; CRHR -0.30 ± 0.52 kg/m²; p = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (CR -0.35 ± 0.82; p = 0.02, CRHR -0.41 ± 0.83; p = 0.03). However, CRHR reduced waist circumference (-2.54 ± 2.74 cm; p < 0.01) and gynoid fat (-0.264 ± 0.28 g; p < 0.01), and increased HDL-c levels (0.08 ± 0.15 mmol/l; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Associated with hypocaloric diet, the intake of a nutritional supplement rich in phytochemicals as a breakfast substitute for 5 weeks had no additional effect on weight reduction than caloric restriction alone, but increased central lipolysis and improved the lipoprotein profile.
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Kosola J, Vaara JP, Ahotupa M, Kyröläinen H, Santtila M, Oksala N, Atalay M, Vasankari T. Elevated concentration of oxidized LDL together with poor cardiorespiratory and abdominal muscle fitness predicts metabolic syndrome in young men. Metabolism 2013; 62:992-9. [PMID: 23490585 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), systemic inflammation, and poor cardiorespiratory fitness. We examined affiliations of these factors and the effect of muscular fitness on MetS in young healthy men. METHODS Physical fitness, ox-LDL, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum lipids were measured in a nationally representative sample of Finnish young men with and without MetS. Participants (mean age 25.1years) performed tests of maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) and muscle fitness, and were divided into MetS (n=54, IDF 2007 criteria) and non-MetS (n=790). Age, smoking and leisure-time physical activity were used as covariates (ANCOVA). RESULTS The MetS group had lower results in VO₂max and all of the muscular fitness tests (excluding grip strength) (P<0.0001, in all). Ox-LDL, ox-LDL/HDL-cholesterol, ox-LDL/LDL-cholesterol, TNFα and IL-6 were all higher in the MetS group than in the non-MetS group (P<0.01, in all). In stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis (adjusted to MetS criteria), higher ox-LDL (OR 1.118, 95% CI 1.078-1.160), lower VO₂max (OR 0.938, 95% CI 0.901-0.977) and lower sit-ups (OR 0.898, 95% CI 0.844-0.956) predicted MetS (p<0.05, in all). CONCLUSIONS Young men with MetS possess significantly poorer cardiorespiratory and muscle fitness, together with elevated systemic levels of ox-LDL, TNFα and IL-6 compared to non-MetS young men. Of these variables, ox-LDL, VO₂max and sit-ups predicted MetS. Based on these findings, poor physical fitness and elevated concentration of ox-LDL are significant predisposing factors in the development of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Kosola
- Department of Health and Exercise and Paavo Nurmi Center, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Hutchins AM, Brown BD, Cunnane SC, Domitrovich SG, Adams ER, Bobowiec CE. Daily flaxseed consumption improves glycemic control in obese men and women with pre-diabetes: a randomized study. Nutr Res 2013; 33:367-75. [PMID: 23684438 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The study hypothesis was that fasting glucose, insulin, fructosamine, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 decrease and adiponectin increases with daily flaxseed consumption in overweight or obese individuals with pre-diabetes. In this randomized, cross-over study overweight or obese men and postmenopausal women (n = 25) with pre-diabetes consumed 0, 13, or 26 g ground flaxseed for 12 weeks. Glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), and normalized percent of α-linolenic fatty acid (ALA) were significantly different by treatment (multiple analysis of variance, P = .036, P = .013, P = .008, P = .024 respectively). Paired t tests showed glucose decreased on the 13 g intervention compared to the 0 g period [13 g = -2.10 ± 1.66 mg/L (mean ± SEM), 0 g = 9.22 ± 4.44 mg/L, P = .036]. Insulin decreased on the 13 g intervention but not the 26 g (P = .021) and 0 g (P = .013) periods (13 g = -2.12 ± 1.00 mU/L, 26 g = 0.67 ± 0.84 mU/L, 0 g = 1.20 ± 1.16 mU/L). HOMA-IR decreased on the 13 g period but not on the 26 g (P = .012) and 0 g (P = .008) periods (13 g = -0.71 ± 0.31, 26 g = 0.27 ± 0.24, 0 g = 0.51 ± 0.35). The α-linolenic fatty acid decrease for the 0 g period was different than the 13 g (P = .024) and 26 g (P = .000) periods (13 g = 0.20 ± 0.04, 26 g = 0.35 ± 0.07, 0 g = -0.01 ± 0.07). Fructosamine, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and high-sensitivity interleukin-6 had no significant differences. Flaxseed intake decreased glucose and insulin and improved insulin sensitivity as part of a habitual diet in overweight or obese individuals with pre-diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Hutchins
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA.
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Tisato V, Toffoli B, Monasta L, Bernardi S, Candido R, Zauli G, Secchiero P. Patients affected by metabolic syndrome show decreased levels of circulating platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB. Clin Nutr 2013; 32:259-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Connor AE, Baumgartner RN, Yang D, Slattery ML, Giuliano AR, Risendal BC, Abdel-Maksoud MM, Baumgartner KB. Differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women with breast cancer for clinical characteristics and their correlates. Ann Epidemiol 2013; 23:227-32. [PMID: 23369848 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Body size and ethnicity may influence breast cancer tumor characteristics at diagnosis. We compared Hispanic and non-Hispanic white (NHW) cases for stage of disease, estrogen receptor (ER) status, tumor size, and lymph node status, and the associations of these with body size in the 4-Corners Breast Cancer Study. METHODS One thousand five hundred twenty-seven NHW and 798 Hispanic primary incident breast cancer cases diagnosed between October 1999 and May 2004 were included. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Hispanic women were more likely to have larger (>1 cm) ER- tumors and more than four positive lymph nodes (P < .003). Lymph node status was not associated with body size. However, among NHW women, obesity (body mass index >30) and increased waist circumference (>38.5 inches) were significantly positively associated with ER- tumor status (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.24-2.81 and OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.58-4.22, respectively). In contrast, among Hispanic women, obesity and waist circumference had inverse associations with ER- tumor status (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29-0.84 and OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.30-1.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Hispanic ethnicity may modify the association of body size and composition with ER- breast cancer. This finding could have relevance to clinical treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avonne E Connor
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Ma K, Jin X, Liang X, Zhao Q, Zhang X. Inflammatory mediators involved in the progression of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012; 28:388-94. [PMID: 22389088 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, steatosis of the liver and other organs, as well as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Recent studies have implicated a number of inflammatory mediators including cytokines, adipokines and eicosanoids in the inflammatory responses that accompany the metabolic syndrome. Measurements of the circulating levels of the inflammatory molecules that accompany this syndrome might provide leads to therapeutic approaches to modulate the inflammatory responses and thereby alter disease progression. In this review, we summarize recent studies on classical and newer inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome in humans and experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuifen Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Lamb J, Bland J. The Heart and Medicine: Exploring the Interconnectedness of Cardiometabolic-related Concerns Through a Systems Biology Approach. Glob Adv Health Med 2012; 1:38-45. [PMID: 24278817 PMCID: PMC3833496 DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2012.1.2.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients do not just wake up one morning with cardiac disease. Instead there is an extended preclinical phase during which lifestyle choices determine outcome. Recent advances in our understanding of oxidative stress, endocrine signaling, immune/inflammatory balance, and energy production illuminate opportunities for efficacious intervention. A thorough exploration of these pathophysiologies will allow physicians the opportunity to offer their patients a journey away from illness and disease to optimal wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lamb
- Joseph Lamb, MD, is director, Intramural Clinical Research, Metagenics, Gig Harbor, Washington; adjunct faculty, Institute for Functional Medicine, Gig Harbor; and medical director, KinDex Therapeutics, Seattle, Washington
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Faucher G, Guénard F, Bouchard L, Garneau V, Turcot V, Houde A, Tchernof A, Bergeron J, Deshaies Y, Hould FS, Lebel S, Marceau P, Vohl MC. Genetic contribution to C-reactive protein levels in severe obesity. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 105:494-501. [PMID: 22178353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.11.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obese individuals are characterized by a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state. Increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, have been observed in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. We have previously reported that genes encoding proteins involved in the anti-inflammatory and immune response are differentially expressed in visceral adipose tissue of obese men with or without the metabolic syndrome. Among these genes, the interferon-gamma-inducible protein 30 (IFI30), CD163 molecule (CD163), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), were selected for further genetic analyses. The aim of the study was to verify whether IFI30, CD163, CXCL9 and TSLP gene polymorphisms contribute to explain the inter-individual variability of the inflammatory profile of obesity assessed by plasma high-sensitivity CRP concentrations. A total of 1185 severely obese individuals were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering most of the sequence-derived genetic variability at the IFI30, CD163, CXCL9 and TSLP gene loci (total of 27 SNPs). Following measurement of plasma CRP levels, subjects were divided into two groups, low vs. high using the median value of plasma CRP levels (8.31 mg/L) as a cutoff point. Genotype frequencies were compared between groups. Associations between genotypes and plasma CRP levels (continuous variable) were also tested after adjustments for age, sex, smoking and BMI. The rs11554159 and rs7125 IFI30 SNPs showed a significant difference in genotype frequencies (p<0.05) between subgroups of low vs. high plasma CRP levels (wild type homozygotes: rs11554159=47% vs. 55%, rs7125=31% vs. 24%, for low vs. high CRP groups, respectively). The association between rs11554159 and CRP levels as a continuous variable remained significant (p=0.004). Both carriers of the GA and AA genotypes demonstrated, on average, a 13% lower CRP levels in comparison with GG homozygotes. No association was observed between SNPs in the CD163, CXCL9 and TSLP genes and CRP levels. The IFI30 rs11554159 polymorphism could partially explain the inter-individual variability observed in the inflammatory profile associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Faucher
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Institute (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada
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