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Tarazi M, Chidambaram S, Markar SR. Risk Factors of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma beyond Alcohol and Smoking. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051009. [PMID: 33671026 PMCID: PMC7957519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the sixth most common cause of death worldwide. Incidence rates vary internationally, with the highest rates found in Southern and Eastern Africa, and central Asia. Initial observational studies identified multiple factors associated with an increased risk of ESCC, with subsequent work then focused on developing plausible biological mechanistic associations. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of risk factors in the development of ESCC and propose future directions for further research. A systematic search of the literature was conducted by screening EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, and CENTRAL for relevant publications. In total, 73 studies were included that sought to identify risk factors associated with the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Risk factors were divided into seven subcategories: genetic, dietary and nutrition, gastric atrophy, infection and microbiome, metabolic, epidemiological and environmental and other risk factors. Risk factors from each subcategory were summarized and explored with mechanistic explanations for these associations. This review highlights several current risk factors of ESCC. These risk factors were explored, and explanations dissected. Most studies focused on investigating genetic and dietary and nutritional factors, whereas this review identified other potential risk factors that have yet to be fully explored. Furthermore, there is a lack of literature on the association of these risk factors with tumor factors and disease prognosis. Further research to validate these results and their effects on tumor biology is absolutely necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Tarazi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK; (M.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Swathikan Chidambaram
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK; (M.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Sheraz R. Markar
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK; (M.T.); (S.C.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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2
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Chang CP, Meyers TJ, Fu A, Zhang MY, Tashkin DP, Rao JY, Cozen W, Mack TM, Hashibe M, Morgenstern H, Zhang ZF. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and lung cancer risk: A case-control study in Los Angeles County. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 69:101824. [PMID: 33039726 PMCID: PMC7734880 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is some evidence of positive associations between both the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with cancer risk, the relationships with lung cancer risk remain largely unexplored. We evaluated the associations between GI and GL with lung cancer. METHODS The analyses were performed using data from a population-based case-control study recruited between 1999 and 2004 in Los Angeles County. Dietary factors were collected from 593 incident lung cancer cases and 1026 controls using a modified food frequency questionnaire. GI and GL were estimated using a food composition table. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Dietary GI was positively associated with lung cancer (OR for upper vs. lower tertile = 1.62; 95 % CI: 1.17, 2.25). For histologic subtypes, positive associations were observed between GI and adenocarcinoma (OR for upper vs. lower tertile = 1.82; 95 % CI: 1.22, 2.70) and small cell carcinoma (OR for upper vs. lower tertile = 2.68; 95 % CI: 1.25, 5.74). No clear association between GL and lung cancer was observed. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that high dietary GI was associated with increased lung cancer risk, and the positive associations were observed for both lung adenocarcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma. Replication in an independent dataset is merited for a broader interpretation of our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Pin Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Travis J Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alan Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ming-Yan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Donald P Tashkin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jian-Yu Rao
- Department of Pathology, Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thomas M Mack
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Hal Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Salamat F, Semnani S, Honarvar MR, Fazel A, Roshandel G. 10-Year Trends in Dietary Intakes in the High- and Low-Risk Areas for Esophageal Cancer: A Population-Based Ecological Study in Northern Iran. Middle East J Dig Dis 2020; 12:89-98. [PMID: 32626561 PMCID: PMC7320993 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2020.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed dietary intakes in the high- and low-risk areas for esophageal cancer (EC) in Golestan province, Northern Iran. METHODS Considering the EC rates, Golestan province was divided into high- and low-risk regions. Data on households’ food consumption were obtained from the Statistical Center of Iran. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the relationships between consumption of main food and EC risk. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated. Joint point program was used for time trend analysis and average annual percent changes (AAPC) were reported. RESULTS Overall, 11910 households were recruited during 2006-2015. 4710 (39.5%) households were enrolled from the high-risk region. There were significant positive relationships between high consumption of sweets (aOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.24-2.10), oil/fat (aOR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.04-1.79), and red meat (aOR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07-1.65) with EC risk. We found significant negative relationships between high consumption of dairy products (aOR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.46-0.82), vegetables (aOR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.50-0.87) and fruit (aOR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.55-0.95) with the risk of EC. Time trend analysis showed a significant increasing trend in the proportions of households with low consumption of vegetables (AAPC = 4.71, p = 0.01) and dairy products (AAPC = 5.26, p = 0.02) in the low-risk region for EC. CONCLUSION Dietary intakes may be important etiological factors for EC in Northern Iran. Further studies are warranted to assess the role of dietary factors in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Salamat
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shahryar Semnani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Omid Cancer Research Center, Omid Preventive Medicine and Health Promotion Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Honarvar
- Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Fazel
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Hua R, Liang G, Yang F. Meta-analysis of the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and upper aerodigestive tract cancer risk. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19879. [PMID: 32332658 PMCID: PMC7220683 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have reported an inconsistent relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer risk. However, no systematic review or meta-analysis has been reported up to now. To quantify the association between DII and UADT cancer risk, we performed this meta-analysis. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library database were searched for relevant studies from inception December 2018. All case-control studies investigating the association between DII and UADT cancer risk were selected. RESULTS A total of 9 case-control studies were identified, involving 13,714 participants. The adjusted pooled OR of UADT cancer for the highest (the most pro-inflammatory diet) vs lowest (the most anti-inflammatory diet) DII categories were 2.27 (95% CI: 1.89-2.73). Subgroup analysis showed that individuals with the highest category of DII score were independently associated with esophagus cancer (OR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.74-3.68), oral cavity cancer (OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.73-2.86), pharyngeal cancer (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.54-2.64), and laryngeal cancer (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 0.85-4.93). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggested that the most pro-inflammatory diets (the highest DII scores) are associated with increased UADT cancer risk. However, the association between DII and laryngeal cancer risk need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyu Hua
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Guanmian Liang
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences & Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Fangying Yang
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences & Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
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Banda KJ, Chiu HY, Hu SH, Yeh HC, Lin KC, Huang HC. Associations of dietary carbohydrate and salt consumption with esophageal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:688-698. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Context
Evidence has shown that essential nutrients are highly correlated with the occurrence of esophageal cancer (EC). However, findings from observational studies on the associations between dietary carbohydrate, salt consumption, and the risk of EC remain controversial.
Objective
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to confirm the associations of dietary carbohydrate and salt consumption with EC risk.
Data Source
Various electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Chinese Electronic Periodical Services, and China Knowledge Resource Integrated) were searched up until January 31, 2019.
Data Extraction
Data related to patient characteristics and study characteristics were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. The risk ratio reported as relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) was extracted, and random-effects models were performed to estimate the summary risk ratio.
Results
In total, 26 studies were included in this analysis, of which 12 studies, including 11 case-control studies and 1 cohort study, examined dietary carbohydrates, and 18 studies, including 16 case-control studies and 2 cohort studies, examined dietary salt. The pooled OR showed that dietary carbohydrate intake was inversely related to EC risk (OR = 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50–0.77), but positive correlations between dietary salt intake and the risk of EC were supported by the recruited case-control studies (OR = 1.97; 95% CI, 1.50–2.61) and cohort studies (RR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00–1.08).
Conclusions
Salt is an essential nutrient for body functions and biochemical processes. Providing health education and management regarding proper use of salt in daily foods and labeling the amount of sodium in manufactured products to reduce the risk of developing EC should be more appropriately performed in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondwani-Joseph Banda
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Endoscopy Unit, Surgery Department, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Hsiao-Yean Chiu
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sophia Hueylan Hu
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chun Yeh
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chia Lin
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dietary carbohydrate intake, glycaemic index, glycaemic load and digestive system cancers: an updated dose-response meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:1081-1096. [PMID: 30837012 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies analysed the associations between dietary carbohydrate intake, glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) and digestive system cancers; however, the results remain controversial. This study was to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the quantitative and dose-response associations between carbohydrate intake, GI and GL, and risk of digestive system cancers. We searched medical and biological databases up to June 2018 and identified twenty-six cohort studies and eighteen case-control studies. Meta-analytic fixed or random effects models were applied to process data. We also performed dose-response analysis, meta-regression and subgroup analyses. We found that high levels of GI were significantly associated with the risk of digestive system cancers at the highest compared with the lowest categories from cohort studies (summary relative risk (RR)=1·10, 95 % CI 1·05, 1·15). Similar effects were observed from case-control studies of the comparison between the extreme categories, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (summary OR=1·28, 95 % CI 0·97, 1·69). We also observed significant dose-response association between GI and digestive system cancers, with every 10-unit increase in GI (summary RR=1·003; 95 % CI 1·000, 1·012 for cohort studies; summary OR=1·09; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·11 for case-control studies). In addition, both cohort studies and case-control studies indicated that neither dietary carbohydrate intake nor GL bore any statistical relationship to digestive system cancers from the results of the highest compared with the lowest categories analyses and dose-response analyses. The results suggest a moderate association between high-GI diets and the risk of digestive system cancers.
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7
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Abe M, Shivappa N, Ito H, Oze I, Abe T, Shimizu Y, Hasegawa Y, Kiyohara C, Nomura M, Ogawa Y, Hebert JR, Matsuo K. Dietary inflammatory index and risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancer in Japanese adults. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24028-24040. [PMID: 29844870 PMCID: PMC5963633 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammatory potential of diet that has been shown to be associated with cancer risk. We examined the association between dietary inflammatory potential as measured by the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers in a Japanese case-control study. Results A positive association was observed between increasing DII scores and overall upper aerodigestive tract cancers, and across anatomic subsites. For upper aerodigestive tract cancers, the ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.73 (95% CI: 1.37–2.20); head and neck cancer, the ORQ4vsQ1 was 1.92 (95% CI: 1.42–2.59); and for esophageal cancer, the ORQ4vsQ1 was1.71 (95% CI: 1.54–1.90). Risks for hypopharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cancers were greatly elevated: (ORQ4vsQ1 = 4.05 (95% CI: 1.24–13.25) for hypopharyngeal cancer and ORQ4vsQ1 = 4.99 (95% CI: 1.14–21.79) for nasopharyngeal cancer. Conclusion A more pro-inflammatory diet was associated with an elevated risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers after accounting for important confounders. All anatomic subsites, except larynx, showed the consistently elevated risk with increasing DII score. Those subsites with known etiological associations with persistent infection showed the largest elevation in risk. These results warrant further evaluation in future studies. Materials and Methods This is a case-control study of 1,028 cases and 3,081 age- and sex-matched non-cancer controls recruited at Aichi Cancer Center. DII scores were computed based on estimates of macro- and micro-nutrients from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Scores were further categorized into quartiles (based on the distribution in controls). Conditional logistic regression models were fit to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for smoking, ethanol consumption, alcohol flushing, number of teeth, and occupation group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Abe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Abe
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Hasegawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Chikako Kiyohara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nomura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - James R Hebert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Sardana RK, Chhikara N, Tanwar B, Panghal A. Dietary impact on esophageal cancer in humans: a review. Food Funct 2018; 9:1967-1977. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01908d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Foods and the risk of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Khosla Sardana
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- Jalandhar- 144411
- India
| | - Navnidhi Chhikara
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- Jalandhar- 144411
- India
| | - Beenu Tanwar
- Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology
- Mehsana-384002
- India
| | - Anil Panghal
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- Jalandhar- 144411
- India
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Jessri M, Wolfinger RD, Lou WY, L'Abbé MR. Identification of dietary patterns associated with obesity in a nationally representative survey of Canadian adults: application of a priori, hybrid, and simplified dietary pattern techniques. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:669-684. [PMID: 28148504 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.134684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Analyzing the effects of dietary patterns is an important approach for examining the complex role of nutrition in the etiology of obesity and chronic diseases.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to characterize the dietary patterns of Canadians with the use of a priori, hybrid, and simplified dietary pattern techniques, and to compare the associations of these patterns with obesity risk in individuals with and without chronic diseases (unhealthy and healthy obesity).Design: Dietary recalls from 11,748 participants (≥18 y of age) in the cross-sectional, nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey 2.2 were used. A priori dietary pattern was characterized with the use of the previously validated 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI). Weighted partial least squares (hybrid method) was used to derive an energy-dense (ED), high-fat (HF), low-fiber density (LFD) dietary pattern with the use of 38 food groups. The associations of derived dietary patterns with disease outcomes were then tested with the use of multinomial logistic regression.Results: An ED, HF, and LFD dietary pattern had high positive loadings for fast foods, carbonated drinks, and refined grains, and high negative loadings for whole fruits and vegetables (≥|0.17|). Food groups with a high loading were summed to form a simplified dietary pattern score. Moving from the first (healthiest) to the fourth (least healthy) quartiles of the ED, HF, and LFD pattern and the simplified dietary pattern scores was associated with increasingly elevated ORs for unhealthy obesity, with individuals in quartile 4 having an OR of 2.57 (95% CI: 1.75, 3.76) and 2.73 (95% CI: 1.88, 3.98), respectively (P-trend < 0.0001). Individuals who adhered the most to the 2015 DGAI recommendations (quartile 4) had a 53% lower OR of unhealthy obesity (P-trend < 0.0001). The associations of dietary patterns with healthy obesity and unhealthy nonobesity were weaker, albeit significant.Conclusions: Consuming an ED, HF, and LFD dietary pattern and lack of adherence to the recommendations of the 2015 DGAI were associated with a significantly higher risk of obesity with and without accompanying chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Jessri
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Russell D Wolfinger
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; and.,Scientific Discovery and Genomics, SAS Institute, Cary, NC
| | - Wendy Y Lou
- Biostatistics Division, Canada Research Chair in Statistical Methods for Health Care, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary R L'Abbé
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and
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10
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Trend of the Esophageal Cancer Incidence in IRAN. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.20286/ijtmgh-0303131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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11
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Lu Y, Shivappa N, Lin Y, Lagergren J, Hébert JR. Diet-related inflammation and oesophageal cancer by histological type: a nationwide case-control study in Sweden. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1683-94. [PMID: 26189130 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This project sought to test the role of diet-related inflammation in modulating the risk of oesophageal cancer. METHODS A nationwide population-based case-control study was conducted from 1 December 1994 through 31 December 1997 in Sweden. All newly diagnosed patients with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or gastroesophageal junction and a randomly selected half of patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma were eligible as cases. Using the Swedish Registry of the Total Population, the control group was randomly selected from the entire Swedish population and frequency-matched on age (within 10 years) and sex. The literature-derived dietary inflammatory index (DII) was developed to describe the inflammatory potential of diet. DII scores were computed based on a food frequency questionnaire. Higher DII scores indicate more pro-inflammatory diets. Odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were computed to assess risk associated between DII scores and oesophageal cancer using logistic regression adjusted by potential confounders. RESULTS In total, 189 oesophageal adenocarcinomas, 262 gastroesophageal junctional adenocarcinomas, 167 oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and 820 control subjects were recruited into the study. Significant associations with DII were observed for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ORQuartile4vs1 4.35, 95 % CI 2.24, 8.43), oesophageal adenocarcinoma (ORQuartile4vs1 3.59, 95 % CI 1.87, 6.89), and gastroesophageal junctional adenocarcinoma (ORQuartile4vs1 2.04, 95 % CI 1.24, 3.36). Significant trends across quartiles of DII were observed for all subtypes of oesophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Diet-related inflammation appears to be associated with an increased risk of oesophageal cancer, regardless of histological type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Lu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Yulan Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- European Palliative Care Research Centre, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Realdon S, Antonello A, Arcidiacono D, Dassie E, Cavallin F, Fassan M, Nardi MT, Alberti A, Rugge M, Battaglia G. Adherence to WCRF/AICR lifestyle recommendations for cancer prevention and the risk of Barrett's esophagus onset and evolution to esophageal adenocarcinoma: results from a pilot study in a high-risk population. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1563-71. [PMID: 26155779 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) guidelines on lifestyle and cancer was recently proven to be associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer, no investigation has yet been carried out on its role on Barrett's esophagus (BE) development and its progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the role of adherence to WCRF lifestyle recommendations in BE onset and progression. The secondary aim was to investigate the association between disease progression and specific aspects of diet and lifestyle. METHODS Established risk factors for BE and EAC development and adherence to WCRF guidelines were assessed in 107 consecutive patients undergoing an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for symptoms suggesting gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) and a suspected diagnosis of BE/dysplasia on BE. Patients were divided according to histology: those with GERD without metaplasia, with non-dysplastic BE, with low-grade dysplasia, with high-grade dysplasia or with early EAC. The four groups were expressed as an ordered categorical variable of disease progression. An ordered logit model was estimated to identify the independent predictors of disease progression. RESULTS Adherence to WCRF guidelines was identified as independent protective factor (OR 0.51, 95 % CI 0.37-0.67) of disease progression. Disease progression was associated with reduced adherence to guidelines on physical activity (from 48.2 to 5.3 %, p = 0.001), sedentary habits (from 33.3 to 0 %, p = 0.03), fruit consumption (from 37.0 to 5.6 %, p = 0.02) and processed meat consumption (from 51.9 to 10.5 %, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Adherence to WCRF guidelines has a protective factor in BE onset and its evolution to EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Realdon
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - I.R.C.S.S., Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Antonello
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - I.R.C.S.S., Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Diletta Arcidiacono
- Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Dassie
- Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavallin
- Oncological Surgery Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - I.R.C.S.S., Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Nardi
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - I.R.C.S.S., Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Alfredo Alberti
- Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgio Battaglia
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - I.R.C.S.S., Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy
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Brownlee I. The impact of dietary fibre intake on the physiology and health of the stomach and upper gastrointestinal tract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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