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Dong R, Pan J, Zhao G, Zhao Q, Wang S, Li N, Song L, Huang X, Miao S, Ying J, Wu F, Wang D, Cheng K, Granato D, Ban Q. Antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antihyperlipidemic properties of Chimonanthus salicifolius S. Y. Hu leaves in experimental animals: modulation of thioredoxin and glutathione systems, renal water reabsorption, and gut microbiota. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1168049. [PMID: 37187875 PMCID: PMC10176510 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1168049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Excessive calorie intake and physical inactivity have dramatically increased nutrient overload-associated disease, becoming a global public health issue. Chimonanthus salicifolius S. Y. Hu (CHI) is a homology plant of food and medicine in China and shows several health benefits. Methods This work investigated the antioxidant activity, the alleviating effects, and the mechanism of action on diabetes and hyperlipidemia of CHI leaves. Results and discussion Results showed that CHI leaves infusion displayed in vitro antioxidant activity measured by ABTS and ferric reducing antioxidant power methods. In wild-type Kunming mice, CHI leaves infusion consumption activated the hepatic antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase as well as thioredoxin reductase 1. In alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice, CHI leaves infusion ameliorated diabetic symptoms, including polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and hyperglycemia, in a dose-dependent and time-course manners. The mechanism involved CHI leaves up-regulating renal water reabsorption associated protein - urine transporter A1-and promoting the trafficking of urine transporter A1 and aquaporin 2 to the apical plasma membrane. Despite this, in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic golden hamsters, CHI leaves powder did not significantly effect on hyperlipidemia and body weight gain. This might be attributed to CHI leaves powder increasing the calorie intake. Interestingly, we found that CHI leaves extract containing a lower dose of total flavonoid than CHI leaves powder pronouncedly reduced the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum in golden hamsters fed a high-fat diet. Furthermore, CHI leaves extract elevated the diversity of gut microbiota and the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014. It also decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus at the genus level in golden hamsters fed a high-fat diet. Overall, CHI leaves benefit oxidative stress prevention and metabolic syndrome amelioration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Dong
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry Science and Technology, Lishui Vocational and Technical College, Lishui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Junjie Pan
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Guangshan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Innovation Team of Food Nutrition and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guangshan Zhao,
| | - Qiuyan Zhao
- Innovation Team of Food Nutrition and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiqiong Wang
- Innovation Team of Food Nutrition and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- Innovation Team of Food Nutrition and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lianjun Song
- Innovation Team of Food Nutrition and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- Innovation Team of Food Nutrition and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuxing Miao
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhui Ying
- College of Forestry Science and Technology, Lishui Vocational and Technical College, Lishui, China
| | - Fangying Wu
- College of Forestry Science and Technology, Lishui Vocational and Technical College, Lishui, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Dongxu Wang,
| | - Kejun Cheng
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
- Kejun Cheng,
| | - Daniel Granato
- Bioactivity and Applications Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Daniel Granato,
| | - Qiuyan Ban
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Qiuyan Ban,
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Rudzinska-Radecka M, Janczewski Ł, Gajda A, Godlewska M, Chmielewska-Krzesinska M, Wasowicz K, Podlasz P. The Anti-Tumoral Potential of Phosphonate Analog of Sulforaphane in Zebrafish Xenograft Model. Cells 2021; 10:3219. [PMID: 34831440 PMCID: PMC8618692 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) show strong activity against numerous human tumors. Five structurally diverse ITCs were tested in vivo using the zebrafish embryos 6 and 48 h post-fertilization (hpf). The survival rate, hatching time, and gross morphological changes were assessed 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment with all compounds in various doses (1-10 µM). As a result, we selected a phosphonate analog of sulforaphane (P-ITC; 1-3 µM) as a non-toxic treatment for zebrafish embryos, both 6 and 48 hpf. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-cancerogenic studies with selected 3 µM P-ITC were performed using a set of cell lines derived from the brain (U87), cervical (HeLa), and breast (MDA-MB-231) tumors. For the experiment, cells were labeled using red fluorescence dye Dil (1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-Tetramethylindocarbocyanine, 10 μg/mL) and injected into the hindbrain ventricle, yolk sac region and Cuvier duct of zebrafish embryos. The tumor size measurement after 48 h of treatment demonstrated the significant inhibition of cancer cell growth in all tested cases by P-ITC compared to the non-treated controls. Our studies provided evidence for P-ITC anti-cancerogenic properties with versatile activity against different cancer types. Additionally, P-ITC demonstrated the safety of use in the living organism at various stages of embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rudzinska-Radecka
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland;
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Łukasz Janczewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.J.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Gajda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.J.); (A.G.)
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Chmielewska-Krzesinska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.C.-K.); (K.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Wasowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.C.-K.); (K.W.)
| | - Piotr Podlasz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.C.-K.); (K.W.)
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The Inhibitory Effect of Sulforaphane on Bladder Cancer Cell Depends on GSH Depletion-Induced by Nrf2 Translocation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164919. [PMID: 34443505 PMCID: PMC8399241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate (ITCs) derived from glucosinolate that is found in cruciferous vegetables, has been reported to exert a promising anticancer effect in a substantial amount of scientific research. However, epidemical studies showed inconsistencies between cruciferous vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk. In this study, human bladder cancer T24 cells were used as in vitro model for revealing the inhibitory effect and its potential mechanism of SFN on cell growth. Here, a low dose of SFN (2.5 µM) was shown to promote cell proliferation (5.18-11.84%) and migration in T24 cells, whilst high doses of SFN (>10 µM) inhibited cell growth significantly. The induction effect of SFN on nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) expression at both low (2.5 µM) and high dose (10 µM) was characterized by a bell-shaped curve. Nrf2 and glutathione (GSH) might be the underlying mechanism in the effect of SFN on T24 cell growth since Nrf2 siRNA and GSH-depleting agent L-Buthionine-sulfoximine abolished the effect of SFN on cell proliferation. In summary, the inhibitory effect of SFN on bladder cancer cell growth and migration is highly dependent on Nrf2-mediated GSH depletion and following production. These findings suggested that a higher dose of SFN is required for the prevention and treatment of bladder cancer.
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Chen X, Li H, Zhang B, Deng Z. The synergistic and antagonistic antioxidant interactions of dietary phytochemical combinations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5658-5677. [PMID: 33612011 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1888693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The frequent intake of whole foods and dietary food variety is recommended due to their health benefits, such as prevention of multiple chronic diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Often, consuming whole fruits or vegetables showed the enhanced effects than consuming the individual dietary supplement from natural products, which is widely explained by the interactive effects of co-existing phytochemicals in whole foods. Although research relevant to interactive effects among the bioactive compounds mounted up, the mechanism of interaction is still not clear. Especially, biological influence factors such as bioavailability are often neglected. The present review summarizes the progress on the synergistic and antagonistic effects of dietary phytochemicals, the evaluating models for antioxidant interactions, and the possible interaction mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo, and with an emphasis on biological-related molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals. The research on the interaction mechanism is of value for guiding how to take advantage of synergistic effects and avoid antagonistic effects in daily diets or phytochemical-based treatments for preventing chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China Nanchang
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China Nanchang
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China Nanchang
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China Nanchang.,Institute for Advanced Study, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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5
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Calabrese EJ, Kozumbo WJ. The phytoprotective agent sulforaphane prevents inflammatory degenerative diseases and age-related pathologies via Nrf2-mediated hormesis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105283. [PMID: 33160067 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In numerous experimental models, sulforaphane (SFN) is shown herein to induce hormetic dose responses that are not only common but display endpoints of biomedical and clinical relevance. These hormetic responses are mediated via the activation of nuclear factor erythroid- derived 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response elements (AREs) and, as such, are characteristically biphasic, well integrated, concentration/dose dependent, and specific with regard to the targeted cell type and the temporal profile of response. In experimental disease models, the SFN-induced hormetic activation of Nrf2 was shown to effectively reduce the occurrence and severity of a wide range of human-related pathologies, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, age-related ocular damage, chemically induced brain damage, and renal nephropathy, amongst others, while also enhancing stem cell proliferation. Although SFN was broadly chemoprotective within an hormetic dose-response context, it also enhanced cell proliferation/cell viability at low concentrations in multiple tumor cell lines. Although the implications of the findings in tumor cells are largely uncertain at this time and warrant further consideration, the potential utility of SFN in cancer treatment has not been precluded. This assessment of SFN complements recent reports of similar hormesis-based chemoprotections by other widely used dietary supplements, such as curcumin, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, green tea, and resveratrol. Interestingly, the mechanistic profile of SFN is similar to that of numerous other hormetic agents, indicating that activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway is probably a central, integrative, and underlying mechanism of hormesis itself. The Nrf2/ARE pathway provides an explanation for how large numbers of agents that both display hormetic dose responses and activate Nrf2 can function to limit age-related damage, the progression of numerous disease processes, and chemical- and radiation- induced toxicities. These findings extend the generality of the hormetic dose response to include SFN and many other chemical activators of Nrf2 that are cited in the biomedical literature and therefore have potentially important public health and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
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Li H, Yao Q, Min L, Huang S, Wu H, Yang H, Fan L, Wang J, Zheng N. The Combination of Two Bioactive Constituents, Lactoferrin and Linolenic Acid, Inhibits Mouse Xenograft Esophageal Tumor Growth by Downregulating Lithocholyltaurine and Inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3-Related Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20755-20764. [PMID: 32875209 PMCID: PMC7450510 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The addition of lactoferrin and three unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and linolenic acid, to dairy products was approved in recent years. Research into the biological activities of lactoferrin and these three unsaturated fatty acids has revealed anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, antitumor, antiparasitic, and antibiotic effects. However, investigations and comparisons of lactoferrin + oleic acid/DHA/linolenic acid combinations in an esophageal cancer cell model and in xenograft tumor models have not been extensively reported, and the related mechanism of these combinations remains elusive. In the present study, the effects of lactoferrin and the three fatty acids on KYSE450 cell viability, migration, and invasion were investigated to choose the proper doses and effective combination in vitro. A tumor-bearing nude mouse model was established to investigate the role of selected combinations in inhibiting esophageal tumor formation in vivo. Metabonomics detection and data analysis were performed to screen special metabolites and related pathways, which were validated by western blotting. The results demonstrated that lactoferrin, the three unsaturated fatty acids, and their combinations inhibited the viability, migration, and invasion of KYSE450 cells and induced apoptosis and the lactoferrin + linolenic acid combination exhibited the strongest activity in suppressing KYSE450 tumor formation in vivo. The lactoferrin + linolenic acid combination inhibited phosphorylation in the JAK2/STAT3-related pathway by downregulating the special metabolite lithocholyltaurine, thereby suppressing formation of KYSE450 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Li
- Laboratory
of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products
of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Yao
- Laboratory
of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products
of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Li Min
- State
Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal
Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Huang
- Laboratory
of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products
of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Haoming Wu
- Laboratory
of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products
of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Huaigu Yang
- Laboratory
of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products
of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Laboratory
of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products
of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Laboratory
of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products
of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Laboratory
of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products
of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Licochalcone a Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis through TrxR1 Inactivation in Colorectal Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5875074. [PMID: 32596335 PMCID: PMC7275230 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5875074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Licochalcone A (LCA) exhibited anticancer activity through modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in some cancer cells and has been evidenced to suppress colorectal cancer (CRC) formation and progression. However, whether LCA mediates the progression of CRC by regulating ROS production remains unclear. To address this, HCT-116 cells were treated with LCA, resulting in G0/G1 phase arrest, apoptosis, and high ROS generation, which were attenuated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a ROS inhibitor. In addition, LCA suppressed the expression of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) in HCT-116 cells, leading to high ROS levels and apoptosis. Moreover, LCA administration combined with TrxR1 inhibition further enhanced the production of ROS and apoptosis in HCT-116 cells compared to LCA administration or TrxR1 inhibition alone. These results demonstrated that LCA might enhance the production of ROS by targeting TrxR1, leading to apoptosis in HCT-116 cells, which provides potential insight for the interventional treatment of CRC.
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Liu F, Lv RB, Liu Y, Hao Q, Liu SJ, Zheng YY, Li C, Zhu C, Wang M. Salinomycin and Sulforaphane Exerted Synergistic Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects on Colorectal Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4957-4969. [PMID: 32581555 PMCID: PMC7276212 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s246706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both salinomycin (SAL) and sulforaphane (SFN) exert their antitumorigenic effects in various types of cancer We investigated whether combining salinomycin (SAL, an antibiotic ionophore) with sulforaphane (SFN, a phytochemical) exerted synergistic antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro and in vivo by evaluating the proliferative and apoptotic responses of two CRC cell lines. Materials and Methods The combination index (CI) was calculated using the Chou-Talalay method, and the effects of the synergistic combination (CI<1) of lower doses of SAL and SFN were selected for further studies. Anti-tumor effect of the combination of SAL and SFN was tested both in vitro and in vivo. Results Cotreatment effectively inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion and enhanced apoptosis. The xenograft model also showed similar results. Furthermore, we evaluated the molecular mechanism behind SAL- and SFN-mediated CRC cell apoptosis. The combination treatment induced apoptosis in Caco-2 and CX-1 cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway, which increased the expression of the tumor suppressor protein p53. The treatment also decreased the expression of the survival protein Bcl-2 and increased the expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax, which increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, as well as enhanced poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Upon inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway with LY294002 prior to cotreatment, we detected enhanced PARP cleavage compared to that in the cotreatment only group. Conclusion We investigated whether the combination of SAL and SFN had antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cotreatment also significantly decreased migration and invasion compared to that of the control and SAL or SFN monotherapies. This novel combination of SAL and SFN might provide a potential strategy to treat CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Bin Lv
- Department of PET/CT, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Emergency, Dongping Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271500, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zibo Spring Hospital Co., Ltd, Zibo, Shandong 255022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Practice, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
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9
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Sulforaphane as an anticancer molecule: mechanisms of action, synergistic effects, enhancement of drug safety, and delivery systems. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:371-384. [PMID: 32152852 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate compound that has been derived from cruciferous vegetables. It was shown in numerous studies to be active against multiple cancer types including pancreatic, prostate, breast, lung, cervical, and colorectal cancers. Sulforaphane exerts its therapeutics action by a variety of mechanisms, such as by detoxifying carcinogens and oxidants through blockage of phase I metabolic enzymes, and by arresting cell cycle in the G2/M and G1 phase to inhibit cell proliferation. The most striking observation was the ability of sulforaphane to potentiate the activity of several classes of anticancer agents including paclitaxel, docetaxel, and gemcitabine through additive and synergistic effects. Although a good number of reviews have reported on the mechanisms by which sulforaphane exerts its anticancer activity, a comprehensive review on the synergistic effect of sulforaphane and its delivery strategies is lacking. Therefore, the aim of the current review was to provide a summary of the studies that have been reported on the activity enhancement effect of sulforaphane in combination with other anticancer therapies. Also provided is a summary of the strategies that have been developed for the delivery of sulforaphane.
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10
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Combination of Broccoli Sprout Extract and Zinc Provides Better Protection against Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Cardiomyopathy Than Monotherapy in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2985901. [PMID: 31934264 PMCID: PMC6942874 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2985901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and metallothionein have each been reported to protect against chronic intermittent hypoxia- (IH-) induced cardiomyopathy. Sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract (BSE) and zinc can effectively induce Nrf2 and metallothionein, respectively, to protect against IH-induced cardiomyopathy via antioxidative stress. However, whether the cardiac protective effects of the combination of BSE and zinc can be synergistic or the same has not been evaluated. In this study, we treated 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice with BSE and/or zinc during exposure to IH for 8 weeks. Cardiac dysfunction, as determined by echocardiography, and pathological remodeling and abnormalities, including cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative damage, examined by histopathology and western blotting, were clearly observed in IH mice but were not significant in IH mice treated with either BSE, zinc, or zinc/BSE. Furthermore, the effects of the combined treatment with BSE and zinc were always greater than those of single treatments. Nrf2 function and metallothionein expression in the heart increased to a greater extent using the combination of BSE and zinc than using BSE or zinc alone. These findings for the first time indicate that the dual activation of Nrf2 and metallothionein by combined treatment with BSE and zinc may be more effective than monotherapy at preventing the development of IH-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Wang J, Wang S, Wang W, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zheng Q, Liu Q, Cai L. Protection against diabetic cardiomyopathy is achieved using a combination of sulforaphane and zinc in type 1 diabetic OVE26 mice. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6319-6330. [PMID: 31270951 PMCID: PMC6714218 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) can effectively induce nuclear factor E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), and zinc (Zn) can effectively induce metallothionein (MT), both of which have been shown to protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, it is unclear whether combined treatment with SFN and Zn offers better cardiac protection than either one alone. Here, we treated 5‐week‐old OVE mice that spontaneously develop type 1 diabetes with SFN and/or Zn for 18 weeks. Cardiac dysfunction, by echocardiography, and pathological alterations and remodelling, shown by cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative damage, examined by histopathology, Western blotting and real‐time PCR, were observed in OVE mice. All these dysfunction and pathological abnormalities seen in OVE mice were attenuated in OVE mice with treatment of either SFN, Zn or SFN/Zn, and the combined treatment with SFN/Zn was better than single treatments at ameliorating DCM. In addition, combined SFN and Zn treatment increased Nrf2 function and MT expression in the heart of OVE mice to a greater extent than SFN or Zn alone. This indicates that the dual activation of Nrf2 and MT by combined treatment with SFN and Zn may be more effective than monotherapy at preventing the development of DCM via complementary, additive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqun Wang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shudong Wang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wanning Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Quan Liu
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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12
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Liu P, Wang W, Tang J, Bowater RP, Bao Y. Antioxidant effects of sulforaphane in human HepG2 cells and immortalised hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 128:129-136. [PMID: 30940595 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) has shown anti-cancer effects in cellular and animal studies but its effectiveness has been limited in human studies. Here, the effects of SFN were measured in both human hepatocytes (HHL5) and hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Results showed that SFN inhibited cell viability and induced DNA strand breaks at high doses (≥20 μM). It also activated the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), and increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels at 24 h. Pre-treatment with a low dose SFN (≤5 μM) protected against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell damage. High doses of SFN were more toxic towards HHL5 compared to HepG2 cells; the difference is likely due to the disparity in the responses of Nrf2-driven enzymes and -GSH levels between the two cell lines. In addition, HepG2 cells hijacked the cytoprotective effect of SFN over a wider dose range (1.25-20 μM) compared to HHL5. Manipulation of levels of GSH and Nrf2 in HepG2 cells confirmed that both molecules mediate the protective effects of SFN against H2O2. The non-specific nature of SFN in the regulation of cell death and survival could present undesirable risks, i.e. be more toxic to normal cells, and cause chemo-resistance in tumor cells. These issues should be addressed in the context for cancer prevention and treatment before large scale clinical trials are undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Wang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Tang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Bowater
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom.
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Krug P, Mielczarek L, Wiktorska K, Kaczyńska K, Wojciechowski P, Andrzejewski K, Ofiara K, Szterk A, Mazur M. Sulforaphane-conjugated selenium nanoparticles: towards a synergistic anticancer effect. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:065101. [PMID: 30523968 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane-modified selenium nanoparticles can be prepared in a simple aqueous-phase redox reaction through reduction of selenite with ascorbic acid. The sulforaphane molecules present in the reaction mixture adsorb on the nanoparticle surface, forming an adlayer. The resulting conjugate was examined with several physicochemical techniques, including microscopy, spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. As shown in in vivo investigations on rats, the nanomaterial administered intraperitoneally is eliminated mainly in urine (and, to a lesser extent, in feces); however, it is also retained in the body. The modified nanoparticles mainly accumulate in the liver, but the basic parameters of blood and urine remain within normal limits. The sulforaphane-conjugated nanoparticles reveal considerable anticancer action, as demonstrated on several cancer cell cultures in vitro. This finding is due to the synergistic effect of elemental selenium and sulforaphane molecules assembled in one nanostructure (conjugate). On the other hand, the cytotoxic action on normal cells is relatively low. The high antitumor activity and selectivity of the conjugate with respect to diseased and healthy cells is extremely promising from the point of view of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Krug
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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Di Nunzio M, Bordoni A, Aureli F, Cubadda F, Gianotti A. Sourdough Fermentation Favorably Influences Selenium Biotransformation and the Biological Effects of Flatbread. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121898. [PMID: 30513976 PMCID: PMC6316522 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although selenium is of great importance for the human body, in several world regions the intake of this essential trace element does not meet the dietary reference values. To achieve optimal intake, fortification of bread by using selenium-enriched flour has been put forward. Less is known on the potential effect of sourdough fermentation, which might be worth exploring as the biological effects of selenium strongly depend on its chemical form and sourdough fermentation is known to cause transformations of nutrients and phytochemicals, including the conversion of inorganic selenium into organic selenocompounds. Here we investigated the bio transformation of selenium by sourdough fermentation in a typical Italian flatbread (piadina) made with standard (control) or selenium-enriched flour. The different piadina were submitted to in vitro digestion, and the biological activity of the resulting hydrolysates was tested by means of cultured human liver cells exposed to an exogenous oxidative stress. The use of selenium-enriched flour and sourdough fermentation increased the total content of bioaccessible selenium in organic form, compared to conventional fermentation, and led to protective effects counteracting oxidative damage in cultured cells. The present study suggests that selenium-rich, sourdough-fermented bakery products show promise for improving human selenium nutrition whenever necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Di Nunzio
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Federica Aureli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition, and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition, and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gianotti
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
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15
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Chen M, Li X, Fan R, Cao C, Yao H, Xu S. Selenium antagonizes cadmium-induced apoptosis in chicken spleen but not involving Nrf2-regulated antioxidant response. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:503-510. [PMID: 28783600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) binds to antioxidant response elements (AREs) and is involved in the regulation of genes participated in defending cells against oxidative damage, which have been confirmed in animal models. Selenium (Se), known as an important element in the regulation of antioxidant activity, can antagonize Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in birds. However, the role of Nrf2 in selenium-cadmium interaction has not been reported in birds. To further explore the mechanism of selenium attenuating spleen toxicity induced by cadmium in chickens, cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 150mg/kg) and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3, 2mg/kg) were co-administrated or individually administered in the diet of chickens for 90 days. The results showed that Cd exposure increased the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased the antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT). Cd exposure increased obviously nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, and the expression of Nrf2 downstream heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), reduced the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (keap1), Gpx-1 and thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1). In addition, Cd induced the increase of bak, caspase9, p53, Cyt c mRNA levels, increased bax/bcl-2 ratio, increased caspase3 mRNA and protein levels. Selenium treatment reduced the accumulation of Cd in the spleen, attenuates Cd-induced Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, ameliorated Cd-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the spleen. In summary, our results demonstrate that Se ameliorated spleen toxicity induced by cadmium by modulating the antioxidant system, independently of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Changyu Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Haidong Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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16
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Koriem KMM. Protective effect of natural products and hormones in colon cancer using metabolome: A physiological overview. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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17
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Dacosta C, Bao Y. The Role of MicroRNAs in the Chemopreventive Activity of Sulforaphane from Cruciferous Vegetables. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080902. [PMID: 28825609 PMCID: PMC5579695 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is an increasingly significant cause of mortality whose risk is linked to diet and inversely correlated with cruciferous vegetable consumption. This is likely to be partly attributable to the isothiocyanates derived from eating these vegetables, such as sulforaphane, which is extensively characterised for cytoprotective and tumour-suppressing activities. However, its bioactivities are likely to extend in complexity beyond those currently known; further insight into these bioactivities could aid the development of sulforaphane-based chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic strategies. Evidence suggests that sulforaphane modulates the expression of microRNAs, many of which are known to regulate genes involved at various stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. Based upon existing knowledge, there exist many plausible mechanisms by which sulforaphane may regulate microRNAs. Thus, there is a strong case for the further investigation of the roles of microRNAs in the anti-cancer effects of sulforaphane. There are several different types of approach to the wide-scale profiling of microRNA differential expression. Array-based methods may involve the use of RT-qPCR or complementary hybridisation probe chips, and tend to be relatively fast and economical. Cloning and deep sequencing approaches are more expensive and labour-intensive, but are worth considering where viable, for their greater sensitivity and ability to detect novel microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK. .
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18
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Wang Y, Zhou Z, Wang W, Liu M, Bao Y. Differential effects of sulforaphane in regulation of angiogenesis in a co-culture model of endothelial cells and pericytes. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2905-2912. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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19
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Wiesner-Reinhold M, Schreiner M, Baldermann S, Schwarz D, Hanschen FS, Kipp AP, Rowan DD, Bentley-Hewitt KL, McKenzie MJ. Mechanisms of Selenium Enrichment and Measurement in Brassicaceous Vegetables, and Their Application to Human Health. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1365. [PMID: 28824693 PMCID: PMC5540907 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health. Se deficiency affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, particularly in developing countries, and there is increasing awareness that suboptimal supply of Se can also negatively affect human health. Selenium enters the diet primarily through the ingestion of plant and animal products. Although, plants are not dependent on Se they take it up from the soil through the sulphur (S) uptake and assimilation pathways. Therefore, geographic differences in the availability of soil Se and agricultural practices have a profound influence on the Se content of many foods, and there are increasing efforts to biofortify crop plants with Se. Plants from the Brassicales are of particular interest as they accumulate and synthesize Se into forms with additional health benefits, such as methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys). The Brassicaceae are also well-known to produce the glucosinolates; S-containing compounds with demonstrated human health value. Furthermore, the recent discovery of the selenoglucosinolates in the Brassicaceae raises questions regarding their potential bioefficacy. In this review we focus on Se uptake and metabolism in the Brassicaceae in the context of human health, particularly cancer prevention and immunity. We investigate the close relationship between Se and S metabolism in this plant family, with particular emphasis on the selenoglucosinolates, and consider the methodologies available for identifying and quantifying further novel Se-containing compounds in plants. Finally, we summarize the research of multiple groups investigating biofortification of the Brassicaceae and discuss which approaches might be most successful for supplying Se deficient populations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wiesner-Reinhold
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
- *Correspondence: Melanie Wiesner-Reinhold
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
- Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of PotsdamNuthethal, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schwarz
- Functional Plant Biology, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropGrossbeeren, Germany
| | - Franziska S. Hanschen
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
| | - Anna P. Kipp
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Daryl D. Rowan
- Food Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedPalmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kerry L. Bentley-Hewitt
- Food Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedPalmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marian J. McKenzie
- Food Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedPalmerston North, New Zealand
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20
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McDougall GJ, Allwood JW, Pereira-Caro G, Brown EM, Verrall S, Stewart D, Latimer C, McMullan G, Lawther R, O'Connor G, Rowland I, Crozier A, Gill CIR. Novel colon-available triterpenoids identified in raspberry fruits exhibit antigenotoxic activities in vitro. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27613504 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Ileostomy studies provide a unique insight into digestion of food, allowing identification of physiologically relevant dietary phytochemicals and their metabolites important to gut health. We previously reported the consistent increase of components in ileal fluids of ileostomates after consumption of raspberries with use of nontargeted LC-MSn techniques and data deconvolution software highlighting two major unknown components (m/z 355 and 679). METHODS AND RESULTS In-depth LC-MSn analyses suggested that the ileal m/z 355 components were p-coumaroyl glucarates. These compounds have not been identified previously and were confirmed in raspberry extracts after partial purification. The major ileal component with m/z 679 was a glycoside with an aglycone of m/z 517 and was present as two peaks in extracts of whole puree, unseeded puree, and isolated seeds. These components were purified using Sephadex LH20 and C18 SPE units and identified as major, novel raspberry triterpenoid glycosides. This triterpenoid-enriched fraction (100 nM) protected against H2 O2 -induced DNA damage in both colon cancer and normal cell lines and altered expression of cytoprotective genes. CONCLUSION The presence of these novel raspberry triterpenoid components in ileal fluids indicates that they would be colon-available in vivo, so confirmation of their anticancer bioactivities is of key physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J McDougall
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, Enhancing Crop Productivity and Utilisation Theme, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland
| | - J William Allwood
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, Enhancing Crop Productivity and Utilisation Theme, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Postharvest, Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, IFAPA, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emma M Brown
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Susan Verrall
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, Enhancing Crop Productivity and Utilisation Theme, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Derek Stewart
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, Enhancing Crop Productivity and Utilisation Theme, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland.,NIBIO, Norsk Institut for Bioøkonomi, Bodø, Norway
| | - Cheryl Latimer
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Geoff McMullan
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Roger Lawther
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK
| | - Gloria O'Connor
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK
| | - Ian Rowland
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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Cheng YT, Yang CC, Shyur LF. Phytomedicine-Modulating oxidative stress and the tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:128-143. [PMID: 27794498 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the current advances and achievements in systems biology and translational medicinal research, the current strategies for cancer therapy, such as radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapy remain palliative or unsatisfactory due to tumor metastasis or recurrence after surgery/therapy, drug resistance, adverse side effects, and so on. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in chronic/acute inflammation, carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and tumor invasion/metastasis which is also attributed to the dynamic and complex properties and activities in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Re-educating or reprogramming tumor-associated stromal or immune cells in the TME provides an approach for restoring immune surveillance impaired by disease in cancer patients to increase overall survival and reduce drug resistance. Herbal medicines or plant-derived natural products have historically been a major source of anti-cancer drugs. Delving into the lore of herbal medicine may uncover new leads for anti-cancer drugs. Phytomedicines have been widely documented to directly or indirectly target multiple signaling pathways and networks in cancer cells. A combination of anti-cancer drugs and polypharmacological plant-derived extracts or compounds may offer a significant advantage in sensitizing the efficacy of monotherapy and overcoming drug-induced resistance in cancer patients. This review introduces several phytochemicals and phytoextracts derived from medicinal plants or dietary vegetables that have been studied for their efficacy in preclinical cancer models. We address the underlying modes of action of induction of OS and deregulation of TME-associated stromal cells, mediators and signaling pathways, and reference the related clinical investigations that look at the single or combination use of phytochemicals and phytoextracts to sensitize anti-cancer drug effects and/or overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Cheng
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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22
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Dong R, Wang D, Wang X, Zhang K, Chen P, Yang CS, Zhang J. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate enhances key enzymatic activities of hepatic thioredoxin and glutathione systems in selenium-optimal mice but activates hepatic Nrf2 responses in selenium-deficient mice. Redox Biol 2016; 10:221-232. [PMID: 27810737 PMCID: PMC5094413 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium participates in the antioxidant defense mainly through a class of selenoproteins, including thioredoxin reductase. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and biologically active catechin in green tea. Depending upon the dose and biological systems, EGCG may function either as an antioxidant or as an inducer of antioxidant defense via its pro-oxidant action or other unidentified mechanisms. By manipulating the selenium status, the present study investigated the interactions of EGCG with antioxidant defense systems including the thioredoxin system comprising of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, the glutathione system comprising of glutathione and glutathione reductase coupled with glutaredoxin, and the Nrf2 system. In selenium-optimal mice, EGCG increased hepatic activities of thioredoxin reductase, glutathione reductase and glutaredoxin. These effects of EGCG appeared to be not due to overt pro-oxidant action because melatonin, a powerful antioxidant, did not influence the increase. However, in selenium-deficient mice, with low basal levels of thioredoxin reductase 1, the same dose of EGCG did not elevate the above-mentioned enzymes; intriguingly EGCG in turn activated hepatic Nrf2 response, leading to increased heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 protein levels and thioredoxin activity. Overall, the present work reveals that EGCG is a robust inducer of the Nrf2 system only in selenium-deficient conditions. Under normal physiological conditions, in selenium-optimal mice, thioredoxin and glutathione systems serve as the first line defense systems against the stress induced by high doses of EGCG, sparing the activation of the Nrf2 system. EGCG increases hepatic activities of TrxR, GR and Grx in selenium-optimal mice. EGCG fails to manipulate the above-mentioned enzymes in selenium-deficient mice. EGCG in turn activates hepatic Nrf2 response in selenium-deficient mice. Selenium deficiency does not increase EGCG toxicity due to potent Nrf2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Forestry and Technology, Lishui Vocational and Technical College, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; International Joint Research Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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