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Motevalian M, Joukar S, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Karimi A, Masoumi-Ardakani Y, Safari S. Interaction of high-intensity endurance exercise and nandrolone on cardiac remodeling: role of adipo-cardiac axis. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2021; 43:63-70. [PMID: 34786896 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the cardiac pathological remodeling following to anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) consumption, we examined the effect of chronic administration of nandrolone decanoate with high-intensity endurance exercise on the left ventricular hypertrophy index, levels of hydroxyproline, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin (APN) and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) expression in rats' hearts. METHODS The male Wistar rats randomly divided to six groups included the control (CTL), exercise (Ex), nandrolone (Nan), vehicle (Arach), trained vehicle (Ex + Arach), and trained nandrolone (Ex + Nan) groups that were treated for eight weeks. RESULTS Nandrolone consumption significantly enhanced the hypertrophy index (p<0.05) and exercise intensified this effect. It also increased the level of cardiac hydroxyproline (p<0.001), however exercise completely masked this effect. The values of TNF-α protein and AdipoR1 protein significantly increased in trained nandrolone-treated (Ex + Nan) group in comparison with CTL group (p<0.05), however, did not show significant alteration in Nan or Ex groups. High-intensity endurance exercise significantly enhanced the AdipoR2 protein (p<0.05), but, co-administration of nandrolone with exercise prevented this effect. The mRNA expression of AdipoR1 significantly reduced in the animals that received nandrolone for eight weeks and exercise recovered this effect (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Despite an additive effect of high-intensity endurance exercise plus nandrolone on TNF-α level, their effects on hydroxyproline and APN receptors expression is incompatible in heart of rat. It is suggests a part of beneficial regulatory role of endurance exercise against nandrolone induced heart remodeling may apply through modulation of APN system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manijeh Motevalian
- Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siyavash Joukar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, ShahidBahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yaser Masoumi-Ardakani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sepideh Safari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, ShahidBahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sánchez-Macías D, Barba-Maggi L, Morales-delaNuez A, Palmay-Paredes J. Guinea pig for meat production: A systematic review of factors affecting the production, carcass and meat quality. Meat Sci 2018; 143:165-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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