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Golpasandi H, Rahimi MR, Ahmadi S, Łubkowska B, Cięszczyk P. Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation and Aerobic Training on Autophagy Signaling Proteins in a Rat Model Type 2 Diabetes Induced by High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin. Nutrients 2023; 15:4024. [PMID: 37764807 PMCID: PMC10535215 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of vitamin D3 supplementation and aerobic training on regulating the autophagy process in rats with type 2 diabetic induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. A total of 40 Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic + aerobic training (DAT), diabetic + vitamin D3 (DVD), and diabetic + aerobic training + vitamin D3 (DVDAT). The rats underwent eight weeks of aerobic training with an intensity of 60% maximum running speed for one hour, along with weekly subcutaneous injections of 10,000 units of vitamin D3. The protein levels of different autophagy markers were assessed in the left ventricular heart tissue. The results showed that the protein levels of AMPK, pAMPK, mTOR, and pmTOR were significantly lower in the DC group compared to the NC group. Conversely, the levels of ULK, Beclin-1, LC3II, Fyco, and Cathepsin D proteins were significantly higher in the DC group. However, the interventions of aerobic training and vitamin D3 supplementation, either individually or in combination, led to increased levels of AMPK, pAMPK, mTOR, and pmTOR, and decreased levels of ULK, Beclin-1, LC3II, Fyco, and Cathepsin D (p < 0.05). Additionally, the aerobic capacity in the DAT and DVDAT groups was significantly higher compared to the NC, DC, and DVD groups (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that type 2 diabetes is associated with excessive autophagy in the left ventricle. However, after eight weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation and aerobic training, a significant reduction in excessive autophagy was observed in rats with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Golpasandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran;
| | | | - Slahadin Ahmadi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 66186-34683, Iran;
| | - Beata Łubkowska
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (B.Ł.); (P.C.)
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (B.Ł.); (P.C.)
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Ponticelli C, Moroni G, Reggiani F. Autophagy and podocytopathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:1931-1939. [PMID: 36708169 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex process of lysosomal-dependent degradation of unwanted cellular material. In response to endogenous or exogenous stimuli, autophagy is induced and regulated by two kinases: the AMP activated kinase and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Cells activated by Unc-51-like kinase 1 form a double membrane complex that sequesters the cargo (phagophore) and elongates producing spherical vesicles (autophagosomes). These reach and fuse with lysosomes, which degrade the cargo (autolysosomes). The resulting macromolecules are released back and recycled in the cytosol for reuse. In the podocyte, autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism that contributes to the formation and preservation of the morphological and functional integrity of actin cytoskeleton. Podocytes, fenestrated endothelial cells and glomerular basement membrane compose the glomerular filtration barrier. Podocyte damage may cause dysfunction of the glomerular barrier, proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in different glomerular diseases and particularly in so-called podocytopathies, namely minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Several drugs and molecules may activate autophagic function in murine models. Among them, aldosterone inhibitors, mineralocorticoid inhibitors and vitamin D3 were proven to protect podocyte from injury and reduce proteinuria in clinical studies. However, no clinical trial with autophagy regulators in podocytopathies has been conducted. Caution is needed with other autophagy activators, such as mTOR inhibitors and metformin, because of potential adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriella Moroni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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Zhen R, Ban J, Jia Z, Liu Y, Li Z, Chen S. The Relationship Between Non-HDL-C /HDL-C Ratio (NHHR) and Vitamin D in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2661-2673. [PMID: 37670851 PMCID: PMC10476667 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s414673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between non-HDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and vitamin D in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients and Methods This study enrolled 617 T2DM participants. Participants were separated into two groups: no vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D deficiency. Participants were split into two categories: individuals who had a high NHHR and those with a low NHHR, with the median NHHR serving as the cut-off. Eventually, the study participants were classified into two groups by gender, which were further classified into vitamin D deficient and non-vitamin D deficient groups. Results NHHR values were substantially greater in vitamin D deficient group than in the non-deficient group in both male and female T2DM patients (P<0.05). The high NHHR group displayed substantially lower vitamin D levels than the low NHHR group [16.21 (12.55,21.35) vs 19.05 (14.59,24.07), P<0.001]. NHHR was discovered to be negatively and independently associated with vitamin D levels, and there was no sex difference. Conclusion For the first time, our research revealed a negative relationship between NHHR and vitamin D in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Zhen
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoya Jia
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zelin Li
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
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Chen X, Wan Z, Geng T, Zhu K, Li R, Lu Q, Lin X, Liu S, Chen L, Guo Y, Shan Z, Liu L, Pan A, Manson JE, Liu G. Vitamin D Status, Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms, and Risk of Microvascular Complications Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:270-277. [PMID: 36169213 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence is limited regarding the associations between vitamin D status and microvascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), among whom vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is particularly common. In this study we aimed to prospectively investigate the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms with risk of diabetic microvascular complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This analysis included 14,709 participants with T2D who were free of microvascular complications from the UK Biobank. Incidence of diabetic microvascular complications was ascertained via electronic health records. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS Median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 40.7 nmol/L (interquartile range 27.5, 56.4). During a median of 11.2 years of follow-up, 1,370 people developed diabetic microvascular complications. Compared with participants with 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L, individuals with 25(OH)D ≥75 nmol/L had a multivariable-adjusted HR of 0.65 (95% CI 0.51, 0.84) for composite diabetic microvascular complications, 0.62 (0.40, 0.95) for diabetic retinopathy, 0.56 (0.40, 0.79) for diabetic nephropathy, and 0.48 (0.26, 0.89) for diabetic neuropathy. In addition, in comparisons with participants with 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L and minor allele homozygotes (TT of rs1544410 and GG of rs731236), the multivariable-adjusted HRs of composite diabetic microvascular complications were 0.54 (0.38, 0.78) and 0.55 (0.38, 0.80) for participants with serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L and major allele homozygotes (CC and AA), respectively, although no significant interaction was observed. CONCLUSIONS Higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly associated with lower risk of diabetic microvascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy. Our findings suggest a potential beneficial role of maintaining adequate vitamin D status in the prevention of diabetic microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhilei Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Liu Q, Xiao JJ, Wang S, Li Y, Yang LJ, Lu QY, Wu XY, Cao J, Yu H, Zhang BF. Paraoxonase 1 Ameliorates Renal Lipotoxicity by Activating Lipophagy and Inhibiting Pyroptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1531-1545. [PMID: 35963464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Several studies in recent years have shown that lipid overload causes lipotoxic damage to the kidney, and oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagic arrest are all important mechanisms of renal lipotoxicity. However, effective measures with therapeutic effects on renal lipotoxicity are limited. The present study indicated the protective effect of the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) against renal lipotoxicity in high-fat diet-fed scavenger receptor class B type I-deficient (SR-BI-/-) mice. The results showed that SR-BI-/- mice exhibited significant renal pathologic characteristics, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, under a normal chow diet, and were accompanied by dyslipidemia and reduced plasma PON1 activity and renal PON1 levels. PON1 overexpression significantly attenuated the above pathologic changes in the kidneys of SR-BI-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet. Mechanistically, PON1 may ameliorate renal oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species production, reduce renal lipid accumulation by inhibiting AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase pathway to activate lipophagy, and reduce the occurrence of inflammation and cell death by inhibiting Nod-like receptor family protein 3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. The present study is the first to show that PON1 overexpression can effectively alleviate renal lipotoxicity injury, and PON1 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of renal lipotoxicity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Jie Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Jiao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian-Yu Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China.
| | - Bai-Fang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China.
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Effects of dietary vitamin D 3 supplementation on the growth performance, tissue Ca and P concentrations, antioxidant capacity, immune response and lipid metabolism in Litopenaeus vannamei larvae. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:793-801. [PMID: 34879881 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin D3 supplementation on the growth performance, tissue Ca and P concentrations, antioxidant capacity, immune response and lipid metabolism in Litopenaeus vannamei larvae. A total of 720 shrimp (initial weight 0·50 ± 0·01 g) were randomly distributed into six treatments, each of which had three duplicates of forty shrimp per duplicate. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain graded vitamin D3 (0·18, 0·23, 0·27, 0·48, 0·57 and 0·98 mg/kg of vitamin D3, measured) supplementation levels. The results revealed that L. vannamei fed diet containing 0·48 mg/kg of vitamin D3 achieved the best growth performance. Compared with the control group, supplementing 0·48 mg/kg of vitamin D3 significantly increased (P < 0·05) the activities of catalase, total antioxidative capacity, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in serum and hepatopancreas. Expression levels of antioxidant and immune-related genes were synchronously increased (P < 0·05). Carapace P and Ca concentrations were increased (P < 0·05) with the increased vitamin D3 supplementation levels. Further analysis of lipid metabolism-related genes expression showed that shrimp fed 0·48 mg of vitamin D3 per kg diet showed the highest value in the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes, while shrimp fed 0·98 mg of vitamin D3 per kg diet showed the highest value in the expression of lipolysis-related genes. In conclusion, the results of present study indicated that dietary supplementation of 0·48 mg/kg of vitamin D3 could increase Ca and P concentrations, improve antioxidant capacity and immune response, and influence lipid metabolism in L. vannamei.
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Zhao Y, Qin R. Vitamin D3 affects browning of white adipocytes by regulating autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p53 signaling in vitro and in vivo. Apoptosis 2022; 27:992-1003. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01765-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sex and Age Differences Modulate Association of Vitamin D with Serum Triglyceride Levels. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030440. [PMID: 35330440 PMCID: PMC8953903 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The sex and age differences in the relationship between vitamin D and lipid levels remain unclear. This retrospective study investigated the correlations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and various biomarkers, along with the sex and age differences in these associations, among 573 men and 436 women during physical check-ups. The mean age of the study population was 51.4 years, and 66% of people had serum 25(OH)D levels below 30 ng/mL. People aged over 65 years had higher 25(OH)D levels than those younger than 65 years, and women had lower 25(OH)D levels than men. Younger age (odds ratio (OR) per year = 1.044, 95% CI, 1.029−1.059, p < 0.0001), female sex (OR = 1.779, 95% CI, 1.149−2.755, p = 0.0097), and elevated serum triglyceride (TG) levels (OR per 1 mg/dL = 1.005, 95% CI, 1.002−1.007, p = 0.0002) were all independent risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Serum 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with TG levels. The positive association between vitamin D deficiency and hypertriglyceridemia was significant in men (not in women) and in those aged between 50 and 65 years. In conclusion, younger individuals, women, and middle-aged men with hypertriglyceridemia are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency.
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Voggel J, Mohr J, Nüsken KD, Dötsch J, Nüsken E, Alejandre Alcazar MA. Translational insights into mechanisms and preventive strategies after renal injury in neonates. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 27:101245. [PMID: 33994314 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2021.101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adverse perinatal circumstances can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) and contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Accumulating evidence indicate that a wide spectrum of perinatal conditions interferes with normal kidney development and ultimately leads to aberrant kidney structure and function later in life. The present review addresses the lack of mechanistic knowledge with regard to perinatal origins of CKD and provides a comprehensive overview of pre- and peri-natal insults, including genetic predisposition, suboptimal nutritional supply, obesity and maternal metabolic disorders as well as placental insufficiency leading to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), prematurity, infections, inflammatory processes, and the need for life-saving treatments (e.g. oxygen supplementation, mechanical ventilation, medications) in neonates. Finally, we discuss future preventive, therapeutic, and regenerative directions. In summary, this review highlights the perinatal vulnerability of the kidney and the early origins of increased susceptibility toward AKI and CKD during postnatal life. Promotion of kidney health and prevention of disease require the understanding of perinatal injury in order to optimize perinatal micro- and macro-environments and enable normal kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Voggel
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Germany
| | - Jasmine Mohr
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics - Experimental Pulmonology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Germany
| | - Kai-Dietrich Nüsken
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Germany
| | - Eva Nüsken
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Germany
| | - Miguel A Alejandre Alcazar
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics - Experimental Pulmonology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Germany; Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne Cologne, Germany; Institute for Lung Health, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany.
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Mohd Ghozali N, Giribabu N, Salleh N. Mechanisms Linking Vitamin D Deficiency to Impaired Metabolism: An Overview. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:6453882. [PMID: 35859985 PMCID: PMC9293580 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6453882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a common health problem worldwide. Despite its known skeletal effects, studies have begun to explore its extra-skeletal effects, that is, in preventing metabolic diseases such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency led to these unfavorable metabolic consequences have been explored. Current evidence indicates that the deficiency of vitamin D could impair the pancreatic β-cell functions, thus compromising its insulin secretion. Besides, vitamin D deficiency could also exacerbate inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the pancreas and many organs, which leads to insulin resistance. Together, these will contribute to impairment in glucose homeostasis. This review summarizes the reported metabolic effects of vitamin D, in order to identify its potential use to prevent and overcome metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulmuna Mohd Ghozali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia
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Sohail A, Al Menhali A, Hisaindee S, Shah I. An LC-MS/MS Method for Analysis of Vitamin D Metabolites and C3 Epimers in Mice Serum: Oral Supplementation Compared to UV Irradiation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175182. [PMID: 34500616 PMCID: PMC8434525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The most common forms of vitamin D in human and mouse serum are vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 and their metabolites. The aim of this study is to determine whether diet and sunlight directly affect the circulating concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in a mouse model. We investigated the serum concentrations of eight vitamin D metabolites—vitamin D (vitamin D3 + vitamin D2), 25OHD (25OHD3 + 25OHD2), 1α25(OH)2D (1α25(OH)2D2, and 1α25(OH)2D3)—including their epimer, 3-epi-25OHD (3-epi-25OHD3 and 3-epi-25OHD2), and a bile acid precursor 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (7αC4), which is known to cause interference in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Method: The LC-MS/MS method was validated according to FDA-US guidelines. The validated method was used for the analysis of mouse serum samples. Forty blood samples from mice were collected and divided into three groups. The first group, the DDD mice, were fed a vitamin D-deficient diet (25 IU VD3/kg of diet) and kept in the dark; the second group, the SDD mice, were maintained on a standard-vitamin D diet (1000 IU VD3) and kept in the dark; and the third group, SDL, were fed a standard-vitamin D diet (1000 IU VD3) but kept on a normal light/dark cycle. LC-MS/MS was used for the efficient separation and quantitation of all the analytes. Results: The validated method showed good linearity and specificity. The intraday and interday precision were both <16%, and the accuracy across the assay range was within 100 ± 15%. The recoveries ranged between 75 and 95%. The stability results showed that vitamin D metabolites are not very stable when exposed to continuous freeze–thaw cycles; the variations in concentrations of vitamin D metabolites ranged between 15 and 60%. The overlapping peaks of vitamin D, its epimers, and its isobar (7αC4) were resolved using chromatographic separation. There were significant differences in the concentrations of all metabolites of vitamin D between the DDD and SDL mice. Between the groups SDD (control) and SDL, a significant difference in the concentrations of 3-epi-25OHD was noted, where C3 epimer was about 30% higher in SDL group while no significant differences were noted in the concentrations of vitamin D, 25OHD, 1α25(OH)2D, and 7αC4 between SDD and SDL group. Conclusions: A validated method, combined with a simple extraction technique, for the sensitive LC-MS/MS determination of vitamin D metabolites is described here. The method can eliminate the interferences in LC-MS/MS analysis caused by the overlapping epimer and isobar due to them having the same molecular weights as 25OHD. The validated method was applied to mouse serum samples. It was concluded that a standard-vitamin D diet causes an increase in the proportion of all the vitamin D metabolites and C3 epimers and isobar, while UV light has no pronounced effect on the concentrations of the majority of the vitamin D metabolites except 3-epi-25OHD. Further studies are required to confirm this observation in humans and to investigate the biochemical pathways related to vitamin D’s metabolites and their epimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Asma Al Menhali
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Soleiman Hisaindee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Iltaf Shah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (A.S.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (I.S.)
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Mo M, Pan L, Huang Z, Liang Y, Liao Y, Xia N. Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Survival in Diabetic Patients With Acute Kidney Injury. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:737996. [PMID: 35002952 PMCID: PMC8727769 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.737996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyze the risk factors affecting all-cause mortality in diabetic patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the 90-day survival rate of patients. METHODS Clinical data of diabetic patients with AKI who were diagnosed at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from April 30, 2011, to April 30, 2021, were collected. A total of 1,042 patients were randomly divided into a development cohort and a validation cohort at a ratio of 7:3. The primary study endpoint was all-cause death within 90 days of AKI diagnosis. Clinical parameters and demographic characteristics were analyzed using Cox regression to develop a prediction model for survival in diabetic patients with AKI, and a nomogram was then constructed. The concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve, and calibration plot were used to evaluate the prediction model. RESULTS The development cohort enrolled 730 patients with a median follow-up time of 87 (40-98) days, and 86 patients (11.8%) died during follow-up. The 90-day survival rate was 88.2% (644/730), and the recovery rate for renal function in survivors was 32.9% (212/644). Multivariate analysis showed that advanced age (HR = 1.064, 95% CI = 1.043-1.085), lower pulse pressure (HR = 0.964, 95% CI = 0.951-0.977), stage 3 AKI (HR = 4.803, 95% CI = 1.678-13.750), lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (HR = 0.944, 95% CI = 0.930-0.960), and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (HR = 2.056, 95% CI = 1.287-3.286) were independent risk factors affecting the all-cause death of diabetic patients with AKI (all p < 0.01). The C-indices of the prediction cohort and the validation cohort were 0.880 (95% CI = 0.839-0.921) and 0.798 (95% CI = 0.720-0.876), respectively. The calibration plot of the model showed excellent consistency between the prediction probability and the actual probability. CONCLUSION We developed a new prediction model that has been internally verified to have good discrimination, calibration, and clinical value for predicting the 90-day survival rate of diabetic patients with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqiu Mo
- Geriatric Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ling Pan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zichun Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University: Nanning Second People’s Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yuzhen Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yunhua Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Xia
- Geriatric Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Xia,
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Huang M, Yang X, Wang Z, Long J, Wang A, Zhang Y, Yan D. Lipophagy: A New Perspective of Natural Products in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2985-2999. [PMID: 34234495 PMCID: PMC8256822 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s310166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been reported to involve in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which protects the insulin target tissues and pancreatic β-cells. However, autophagy is inhibited when the cells are lipid overload. That, in turn, increases the accumulation of fat. Lipotoxicity caused by excessive lipid accumulation contributes to pathogenesis of T2DM. Therefore, it is undeniable to break the vicious circles between lipid excess and autophagy deficiency. Lipophagy, a selective form of autophagy, is characterized by selective breakdown of lipid droplets (LDs). The nutritional status of cells contributes to the way of autophagy (selective or non-selective), while selective autophagy helps to accurately remove excess substances. It seems that lipophagy could be an effective means to decrease abnormal lipid accumulation that leads to insulin resistance and β-cell impairment by removing ectopic LDs. Based on this process, many natural compounds have been reported to decrease lipid accumulation in tissues through autophagy-lysosomal pathway, which gradually highlights the significance of lipophagy. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that lipophagy improves T2DM and natural products that are applied to induce lipophagy. It is also suggested that natural herbs with rich contents of natural products inducing lipophagy would be potential candidates for alleviating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianglan Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, 401121, People’s Republic of China
- Yi Zhang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, No. 1, Chunlan 2nd Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401121, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 23-86072771 Email
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dan Yan Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 10-63139318 Email
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