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Kratofil RM, Shim HB, Shim R, Lee WY, Labit E, Sinha S, Keenan CM, Surewaard BGJ, Noh JY, Sun Y, Sharkey KA, Mack M, Biernaskie J, Deniset JF, Kubes P. A monocyte-leptin-angiogenesis pathway critical for repair post-infection. Nature 2022; 609:166-173. [PMID: 35948634 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During infection, inflammatory monocytes are thought to be key for bacterial eradication, but this is hard to reconcile with the large numbers of neutrophils that are recruited for each monocyte that migrates to the afflicted tissue, and the much more robust microbicidal functions of the neutrophils. However, unlike neutrophils, monocytes have the capacity to convert to situationally specific macrophages that may have critical functions beyond infection control1,2. Here, using a foreign body coated with Staphylococcus aureus and imaging over time from cutaneous infection to wound resolution, we show that monocytes and neutrophils are recruited in similar numbers with low-dose infection but not with high-dose infection, and form a localization pattern in which monocytes surround the infection site, whereas neutrophils infiltrate it. Monocytes did not contribute to bacterial clearance but converted to macrophages that persisted for weeks after infection, regulating hypodermal adipocyte expansion and production of the adipokine hormone leptin. In infected monocyte-deficient mice there was increased persistent hypodermis thickening and an elevated leptin level, which drove overgrowth of dysfunctional blood vasculature and delayed healing, with a thickened scar. Ghrelin, which opposes leptin function3, was produced locally by monocytes, and reduced vascular overgrowth and improved healing post-infection. In sum, we find that monocytes function as a cellular rheostat by regulating leptin levels and revascularization during wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Kratofil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hanjoo B Shim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raymond Shim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Woo Yong Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elodie Labit
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarthak Sinha
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine M Keenan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bas G J Surewaard
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ji Yeon Noh
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin F Deniset
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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4
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Karimi M, Heshmati M, Fattahi S, Bagheri N, Alibeigi FM, Taheri F, Anjomshoa M, Jami MS, Ghatreh Samani M. The relation between the ghrelin receptor and FOXP3 in bladder cancer. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:287-295. [PMID: 32744468 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1799074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses play an important role in the fate of bladder cancer tumors. Treg cells are immunosuppressive and down-regulate the proliferation of effector T cells, which favor tumor survival. Ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates release of growth hormone and anti-inflammatory response to cancer cells. Ghrelin also is a gastrointestinal hormone that regulates immune responses via the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a). The relation among ghrelin, its receptor, and Treg cells that surround bladder tumors is not clear. We found that Foxp3+ T and GHS-R1a cells are increased significantly in bladder tumor tissues. Therefore, we suggest that ghrelin may increase the number of Treg cells in the tumor and suppress activity of the immune system against bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Masoud Heshmati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Soheila Fattahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Taheri
- Department of Pathology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Anjomshoa
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mahdi Ghatreh Samani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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5
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Heshmati M, Soltani A, Sanaei MJ, Nahid-Samiei M, Shirzad H, Jami MS, GhatrehSamani M. Ghrelin induces autophagy and CXCR4 expression via the SIRT1/AMPK axis in lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Cell Signal 2019; 66:109492. [PMID: 31809874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is one of the most frequent malignancies in children, and the CXCR4 receptor plays an important role in the metastasis of this malignancy. Ghrelin is a hormone with various functions including stimulation of the release of growth hormone and autophagy in cancer cells. Moreover, SIRT1 and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) stimulate expression of proteins involved in autophagy. On the other hand, autophagic cell death can be an alternative target for cancer therapy, in the absence of apoptosis. The relationship between ghrelin and the SIRT1/AMPK axis and the resulting effects on autophagy, apoptosis, proliferation, and expression of CXCR4 and the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a), in Jurkat and Molt-4 human lymphoblastic cell lines was not previously clear. Here we demonstrate that SIRT1 expression is upregulated during the induction of autophagy by ghrelin, an effect that is inhibited by inactivation of SIRT1/AMPK axis. In addition, ghrelin can affect CXCR4 and GHS-R1a expression. In conclusion, this work reveals that ghrelin induces autophagy, invasion, and downregulation of ghrelin receptor expression via the SIRT1/AMPK axis in lymphoblastic cell lines. However, in these cell lines ghrelin-induced autophagy does not lead to cell death due to weak induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Heshmati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amin Soltani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Nahid-Samiei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mahdi GhatrehSamani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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