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Hyland M, Mennan C, Davies R, Wilson E, Tonge DP, Clayton A, Kehoe O. Extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells show enhanced anti-inflammatory properties via upregulation of miRNAs after pro-inflammatory priming. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2391-2406. [PMID: 37474869 PMCID: PMC10579155 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, are characterised by a loss of immune tolerance, whereby the immune cells attack self-antigens causing pain and inflammation. These conditions can be brought into remission using pharmaceutical treatments, but often have adverse side effects and some patients do not respond favourably to them. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (UCMSCs) present a promising alternative therapeutic due to their innate anti-inflammatory properties which can be strengthened using pro-inflammatory conditions. Their therapeutic mechanism of action has been attributed to paracrine signalling, by which nanosized acellular particles called 'extracellular vesicles' (EVs) are one of the essential components. Therefore, this research analysed the anti-inflammatory properties of UCMSC-EVs 'primed' with pro-inflammatory cytokines and at baseline with no inflammatory cytokines (control). Both control and primed EVs were co-cultured with un-pooled peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; n = 6) from healthy donors. Neither control nor primed EVs exerted a pro-inflammatory effect on PBMCs. Instead, the primed EVs showed the immunosuppressive potential by increasing the expression of the anti-inflammatory protein FoxP3 in PBMCs. This may be attributed to the upregulated miRNAs identified in primed EVs in comparison to control EVs (miR-139-5p, miR-140-5p, miR-214-5p). These findings aid in understanding how UCMSC-EVs mediate immunosuppression and support their potential use in treating autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairead Hyland
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine at the RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Keele University, Oswestry, SY10 7AG UK
| | - Claire Mennan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering at the RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG UK
| | - Rebecca Davies
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine at the RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Keele University, Oswestry, SY10 7AG UK
| | - Emma Wilson
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Chester, CH2 1BR UK
| | - Daniel P. Tonge
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Tissue Microenvironment Group, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Oksana Kehoe
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine at the RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Keele University, Oswestry, SY10 7AG UK
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Warmink K, Rios JL, Varderidou-Minasian S, Torres-Torrillas M, van Valkengoed DR, Versteeg S, Eijkelkamp N, Weinans H, Korthagen NM, Lorenowicz MJ. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells-derived extracellular vesicles as a potentially more beneficial therapeutic strategy than MSC-based treatment in a mild metabolic osteoarthritis model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:137. [PMID: 37226203 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) hold promise as a disease modifying treatment in osteoarthritis (OA). Obesity, and its associated inflammation, contribute to OA development and metabolic OA represents a specific and significant group of the OA patient population. Given their immunomodulatory properties, MSC and MSC-EVs are especially interesting for this group of patients as a therapeutic option. Here, we were the first to compare the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs and MSC-EVs in a mild OA model taking these metabolic aspects into consideration. METHODS Male Wistar-Han rats (Crl:WI(Han) (n = 36) were fed a high fat diet for 24 weeks, with unilateral induction of OA by groove surgery after 12 weeks. Eight days after surgery rats were randomized in three treatment groups receiving MSCs, MSC-EVs or vehicle injection. Pain-associated behavior, joint degeneration, and local and systemic inflammation were measured. RESULTS We demonstrated that despite not having a significant therapeutic effect, MSC-EV treatment results in lower cartilage degeneration, less pain behaviour, osteophytosis and joint inflammation, than MSC treatment. Suggesting that MSC-EVs could be a more promising therapeutic strategy than MSCs in this mild metabolic OA model. CONCLUSION In summary, we find that MSC treatment has negative effects on the joint in metabolic mild OA. This is an essential finding for the significant group of patients with metabolic OA phenotype, and might help to understand why clinical translation of MSC treatment shows varying therapeutic efficacy thus far. Our results also suggest that MSC-EV-based treatment might be a promising option for these patients, however MSC-EV therapeutic efficacy will need improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Warmink
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaqueline L Rios
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzy Varderidou-Minasian
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Torres-Torrillas
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
- García Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Devin R van Valkengoed
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Versteeg
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Eijkelkamp
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, TU Delft, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoline M Korthagen
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena J Lorenowicz
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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Dilogo IH, Lubis AMT, Perwida NG, Sani SA, Rasyidah RA, Hartanto BR. The Efficacy of Intra-articular Umbilical Cord-Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: a Systematic Review. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-023-00223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Cartilage Regeneration Applications. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2454168. [PMID: 35035489 PMCID: PMC8758292 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2454168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondropathies are increasing worldwide, but effective treatments are currently lacking. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) transplantation represents a promising approach to counteract the degenerative and inflammatory environment characterizing those pathologies, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Umbilical cord- (UC-) MSCs gained increasing interest due to their multilineage differentiation potential, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties as well as higher proliferation rates, abundant supply along with no risks for the donor compared to adult MSCs. In addition, UC-MSCs are physiologically adapted to survive in an ischemic and nutrient-poor environment as well as to produce an extracellular matrix (ECM) similar to that of the cartilage. All these characteristics make UC-MSCs a pivotal source for a stem cell-based treatment of chondropathies. In this review, the regenerative potential of UC-MSCs for the treatment of cartilage diseases will be discussed focusing on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies.
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Hulme CH, Perry J, McCarthy HS, Wright KT, Snow M, Mennan C, Roberts S. Cell therapy for cartilage repair. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:575-589. [PMID: 34423830 PMCID: PMC8589441 DOI: 10.1042/etls20210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, using cells as therapeutic agents for the repair or regeneration of tissues and organs, offers great hope for the future of medicine. Cell therapy for treating defects in articular cartilage has been an exemplar of translating this technology to the clinic, but it is not without its challenges. These include applying regulations, which were designed for pharmaceutical agents, to living cells. In addition, using autologous cells as the therapeutic agent brings additional costs and logistical challenges compared with using allogeneic cells. The main cell types used in treating chondral or osteochondral defects in joints to date are chondrocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various sources such as bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord. This review discusses some of their biology and pre-clinical studies before describing the most pertinent clinical trials in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H. Hulme
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
| | - Jade Perry
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
| | - Helen S. McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
| | - Karina T. Wright
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
| | - Martyn Snow
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Claire Mennan
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
| | - Sally Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
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Perry J, Roelofs AJ, Mennan C, McCarthy HS, Richmond A, Clark SM, Riemen AHK, Wright K, De Bari C, Roberts S. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhance Cartilage Healing in a Murine Joint Surface Injury Model. Cells 2021; 10:1999. [PMID: 34440768 PMCID: PMC8393840 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord (hUC)- or bone marrow (hBM)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were evaluated as an allogeneic source of cells for cartilage repair. We aimed to determine if they could enhance healing of chondral defects with or without the recruitment of endogenous cells. hMSCs were applied into a focal joint surface injury in knees of adult mice expressing tdTomato fluorescent protein in cells descending from Gdf5-expressing embryonic joint interzone cells. Three experimental groups were used: (i) hUC-MSCs, (ii) hBM-MSCs and (iii) PBS (vehicle) without cells. Cartilage repair was assessed after 8 weeks and tdTomato-expressing cells were detected by immunostaining. Plasma levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and other markers were measured by electrochemiluminescence. Both hUC-MSC (n = 14, p = 0.009) and hBM-MSC (n = 13, p = 0.006) treatment groups had significantly improved cartilage repair compared to controls (n = 18). While hMSCs were not detectable in the repair tissue at 8 weeks post-implantation, increased endogenous Gdf5-lineage cells were detected in repair tissue of hUC-MSC-treated mice. This xenogeneic study indicates that hMSCs enhance intrinsic cartilage repair mechanisms in mice. Hence, hMSCs, particularly the more proliferative hUC-MSCs, could represent an attractive allogeneic cell population for treating patients with chondral defects and perhaps prevent the onset and progression of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Perry
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK; (C.M.); (H.S.M.); (K.W.); (S.R.)
- The School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
- The Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Therapies Centre versus Arthritis, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Anke J. Roelofs
- The Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Therapies Centre versus Arthritis, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (A.J.R.); (A.R.); (S.M.C.); (A.H.K.R.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Claire Mennan
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK; (C.M.); (H.S.M.); (K.W.); (S.R.)
- The School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
- The Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Therapies Centre versus Arthritis, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Helen S. McCarthy
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK; (C.M.); (H.S.M.); (K.W.); (S.R.)
- The School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
- The Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Therapies Centre versus Arthritis, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Alison Richmond
- The Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Therapies Centre versus Arthritis, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (A.J.R.); (A.R.); (S.M.C.); (A.H.K.R.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Susan M. Clark
- The Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Therapies Centre versus Arthritis, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (A.J.R.); (A.R.); (S.M.C.); (A.H.K.R.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Anna H. K. Riemen
- The Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Therapies Centre versus Arthritis, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (A.J.R.); (A.R.); (S.M.C.); (A.H.K.R.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Karina Wright
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK; (C.M.); (H.S.M.); (K.W.); (S.R.)
- The School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
- The Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Therapies Centre versus Arthritis, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- The Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Therapies Centre versus Arthritis, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (A.J.R.); (A.R.); (S.M.C.); (A.H.K.R.); (C.D.B.)
| | - Sally Roberts
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK; (C.M.); (H.S.M.); (K.W.); (S.R.)
- The School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
- The Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Therapies Centre versus Arthritis, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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