1
|
Houdek MT, Sullivan MH, Broida SE, Barlow JD, Morrey ME, Moran SL, Sanchez-Sotelo J. Proximal Humerus Reconstruction for Bone Sarcomas: A Critical Analysis. JBJS Rev 2024; 12:01874474-202403000-00008. [PMID: 38466801 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.23.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
» The proximal humerus is a common location for primary bone tumors, and the goal of surgical care is to obtain a negative margin resection and subsequent reconstruction of the proximal humerus to allow for shoulder function.» The current evidence supports the use of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty over hemiarthroplasty when reconstructing the proximal humerus after resection of a bone sarcoma if the axillary nerve can be preserved.» There is a lack of high-quality data comparing allograft prosthetic composite (APC) with endoprosthetic reconstruction of the proximal humerus.» Reverse APC should be performed using an allograft with donor rotator cuff to allow for soft-tissue repair of the donor and host rotator cuff, leading to improvements in shoulder motion compared with an endoprosthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Houdek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Samuel E Broida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Mark E Morrey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Steven L Moran
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Ji T, Wang Q, Guo W. 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy-based growth evaluation and prediction of epiphysis around the knee: a study of paediatric limb salvage for malignant bone tumours. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:608-615. [PMID: 37308349 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the feasibility of bone scintigraphy in the assessment and prediction of bone growth potential after limb-salvage surgery in children with bone tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five skeletally immature patients with primary bone malignancies in distal femur was enrolled. Thirty-two patients received epiphysis minimally invasive endoprosthesis (EMIE) reconstruction, seven received hemiarthroplasty, and 16 received adult-type rotation-hinged endoprosthesis (ATRHE) reconstruction. All enrolled patients underwent radiographic examination at regular intervals and followed-up for >12 months. The actual limb length discrepancy (LLDa) of the tibia was measured on the radiography image. The expected LLD of tibia (LLDp) was calculated according to multiplier method. The uptake ratio of the ipsilateral epiphysis to the contralateral epiphysis (Ri/c) was calculated at bone scintigraphy. The Ri/c value was accommodated in the formula of multiplier method for a modification. The difference and correlation between the modified expected LLD (LLDm), LLDp and LLDa were analysed. RESULTS The growth potential of ipsilateral epiphysis was reserved in all patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty and one fourth of EMIE reconstruction. The Ri/c values in the hemiarthroplasty endoprosthesis group were significantly higher than the EMIE and ATRHE groups. There was no significant difference in Ri/c values between the EMIE and ATRHE group. Data from the 26 patients who reached bone maturation showed that there was a significant difference between LLDp and LLDa. LLDm showed a higher correlation with LLDa than LLDp. CONCLUSION Bone scintigraphy is helpful to evaluate the growth potential of epiphysis after surgery. The multiplier method modified by Ri/c value improves prediction accuracy of bone growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, China
| | - T Ji
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, China.
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, China.
| | - W Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao Z, Yang Y, Yan T, Tang X, Yang R, Guo W. Outcomes of Fixed-Hinged Knee Prosthesis for Distal Femoral Osteosarcoma in Skeletally Immature Patients: First Results. J Knee Surg 2023; 36:68-78. [PMID: 34187071 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The best surgical choice for distal femur osteosarcoma in skeletally immature patients remains controversial. A fixed hinged knee prosthesis has been designed to preserve the growth plates in the adjacent tibia, expecting tibial growth to be continued. This study aims to report the (1) clinical outcomes after prosthetic replacement, (2) postoperative complications, and (3) length of discrepancy of the operative tibia with the unaffected tibia. Thirty-four skeletally immature patients (averaged 9 years at surgery; range, 5-12 years) with distal femoral osteosarcoma underwent placement of this hinged knee prosthesis between January 2015 and August 2018. Postoperative function and complications were assessed. Length discrepancy was measured using a series of full-length standing anteroposterior radiographs of the bilateral lower extremity. The average follow-up duration was 34 months (2.8 years). In the last follow-up, four patients expired because of pulmonary metastasis. Two patients presented with local recurrence of the soft tissue. Postoperatively, the flexion range of the knee joint range was between 100 and 130 degrees, with an average of 115.2 degrees. The mean functional score of living patients evaluated using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scoring system was 89.2% (range, 76.7-100%). Types 1 (three patients), 2 (one patient), 3 (two patients), and 5 (two patients) complications exist. Among them, three patients received revision surgery. The proximal tibial physis still grew after surgery, with an average of 74.3% (range, 30-100%) growth potential compared with the unaffected proximal tibial physis. Moreover, 27 children exhibited tibial length discrepancy compared with the contralateral tibia, and the mean discrepancy in tibial length was 1.1 cm (range, 0.2-3.1 cm). This hinged knee prosthesis can keep the growth potential in the adjacent tibia, provides satisfying functional outcomes, and has a lower postoperative complication rate. Thus, it could serve as an alternative intervention for distal femoral osteosarcoma in skeletally immature patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhao
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Taiqiang Yan
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Rongli Yang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tibia Multiplanar Deformities and Growth Disturbance Following Expandable Endoprosthetic Distal Femur Replacement. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226734. [PMID: 36431210 PMCID: PMC9699560 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Expandable distal femur endoprosthesis (EDFE) is commonly used to compensate for the loss of the distal femoral epiphyseal plate in skeletally immature children who have undergone surgical resection of bone malignancies. However, the effect of the passive tibial component of the EDFE on tibial growth has not been extensively studied in the literature. This study aims to delineate the type, frequency, and associated risk factors of multiplanar proximal tibial deformities in skeletally immature children following the use of the expandable distal femur endoprosthesis (EDFE). Moreover, we plan to detect how these deformities influence the long-term functionality of the endoprosthesis in defining the need for subsequent implant revision or further surgical management. Patients and Methods: A total of 20 patients aged (7−12) years underwent expandable distal femur replacement. Two types of implants were used: Juvenile Tumor System (JTS) non-invasive prosthesis in 14 patients, and Modular Universal Tumor and Revision System (MUTARS)® Xpand Growing Prostheses in six patients. A scanogram and CT scan documented the measurements of longitudinal and multiplanar growth as leg length discrepancy (LLD), femur length discrepancy (FLD), tibia length discrepancy (TLD), and the yield values of rotational, sagittal, and coronal deformities of the tibia. The patients were followed up to assess the need for further management. Sex, age, size of tibial plate perforation, and type of implant used were studied for possible correlation with deformities or growth disturbance. Results: The patients were followed up for a mean of 3 (2−7) years. A total of 14 patients, (10 JTS, 4 implant cast) had a tibial deformity and/or growth disturbance. A single patient was found to have all deformities (growth, rotational, coronal, and sagittal). Fourteen patients were found to have an LLD ranging from 5.3 to 59 mm (median 21 mm), 12 had a TLD from 3 to 30 mm, (median 10 mm), and 11 patients showed evidence of malrotation from 6 to 32 degrees (median 11 degrees). TLD was found to contribute entirely to LLD in three patients, and >50% of LLDs in seven patients. All LLDs were treated conservatively, except in three patients; two received contralateral tibia epiphysiodesis and one received revision with a new implant. A single patient had a posterior tibia slope angle (PTSA) of −2.8 degrees, and three patients had a coronal deformity with a mean medial proximal tibia angle (MPTA) of 80.3 (77−83 degrees). Conclusions: Tibial growth disturbance and multiplanar deformities occur in the majority of patients following EDFE replacement, exacerbating LLD. Yet, these disturbances may be well tolerated, managed conservatively, and rarely mandate endoprosthetic revision or subsequent corrective surgery. Age at the time of surgery was found to be the only significant contributor to the development of tibia growth disturbance.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaneuchi Y, Yoshida S, Fujiwara T, Evans S, Abudu A. Limb salvage surgery has a higher complication rate than amputation but is still beneficial for patients younger than 10 years old with osteosarcoma of an extremity. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:702-709. [PMID: 35490054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Limb preserving surgery for the treatment of patients with osteosarcoma younger than 10 years old is challenging and some authors have advocated amputation to reduce the risk of complications. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and surgical complications of patients with osteosarcoma of the extremity aged <10 years old who were treated with limb salvage and amputation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective review of patients aged <10 years old who were treated for primary osteosarcoma of bone between 2000 and 2018. RESULTS We analyzed 82 consecutive patients (32 males, 50 females; median age 8, range 3-9 yrs). Limb-salvage surgery (LSS; n = 65, 79%) and amputation (n = 17, 21%) were performed. Fourteen patients had metastasis at surgery. In patients without metastasis at surgery, the metastasis-free and overall survival rates at 5 years following LSS vs. amputation were 75% vs. 58% (p = 0.162) and 71% vs. 55% (p = 0.516), respectively. The 2-year and 5-year OS rates of the LSS and amputation groups of patients with metastasis at surgery were 88% versus 83% and 50% versus 0%, respectively (p = 0.180). The overall complication rates were 46% post-LSS with 31% requiring re-operation versus 12% post-amputation, with 6% requiring re-operation (p = 0.010). CONCLUSION The prognosis of patients with localized osteosarcoma aged <10 years undergoing LSS is similar to those treated with amputation, but LSS is associated with a higher risk of complications and subsequent re-operation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kaneuchi
- Department of Oncology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Shinichirou Yoshida
- Department of Oncology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tomohiro Fujiwara
- Department of Oncology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Scott Evans
- Department of Oncology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adesegun Abudu
- Department of Oncology, The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lim CY, Katagiri H, Murata H, Wasa J, Miyagi M, Ishida Y, Takahashi M. Solution to a complex problem after failed limb salvage surgery of the distal femur: A case report describing the tibial turn-up procedure. J Orthop Sci 2022; 27:943-948. [PMID: 31563427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiao Yee Lim
- Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture, 411-8777, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Jalan Pahang, 50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hirohisa Katagiri
- Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture, 411-8777, Japan.
| | - Hideki Murata
- Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture, 411-8777, Japan.
| | - Junji Wasa
- Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture, 411-8777, Japan.
| | - Michihito Miyagi
- Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture, 411-8777, Japan.
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Division of Pediatrics, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture, 411-8777, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Takahashi
- Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture, 411-8777, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El Ghoneimy AM, Shehab AM, Farid N. What is the Cumulative Incidence of Revision Surgery and What Are the Complications Associated With Stemmed Cementless Nonextendable Endoprostheses in Patients 18 Years or Younger With Primary Bone Sarcomas About the Knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2022; 480:1329-1338. [PMID: 35171125 PMCID: PMC9191286 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are more common diagnoses in preadolescent and adolescent children compared with the adult population. A greater percentage of patients are treated with limb salvage and reconstruction using modular tumor endoprostheses. Implant-to-bone fixation can be cemented or cementless. Cementless tumor endoprostheses rely on biologic osteointegration for implant stability, and chemotherapy during childhood and adolescence can disturb the bone turnover rate and reduce bone mineral density, which in turn may predispose patients with uncemented endoprostheses to a high rate of revision surgeries. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) What is the cumulative incidence of revision operations for any cause (wound dehiscence, periprosthetic fracture, hinge breakage, aseptic loosening, infection, local recurrence, implant removal, and amputation) of cementless tumor endoprostheses around the knee? (2) What is the cumulative incidence of aseptic loosening, periprosthetic fracture, hinge breakage, and infection, and what proportion of patients had other complications? (3) What was the mean limb length discrepancy (LLD) at the time of skeletal maturity? (4) What was the median Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score at most recent follow-up or just before implant removal/amputation if implant removal/amputation were performed? METHODS Between 2008 and 2019, we treated 328 patients younger than 18 years for a primary bone sarcoma around the knee at our institution. Of those, 138 were treated with resection and reconstruction using two different types of modular tumor endoprostheses. During this period, our general indications for an endoprosthesis were patients who were candidates for an intraarticular resection of the distal femur or proximal tibia and who were at least 10 years of age. Uncemented fixation was always preferred. Cemented fixation was only done when intraoperative press-fitting of a cementless stem was not possible. Among uncemented implants, 26 patients died before completing 2 years of follow-up with intact implants and without further surgery, three were lost to follow-up before 2 years, and four patients received implants as a secondary salvage surgery after a failed primary biologic reconstruction with a vascularized fibular bone graft, leaving 94 patients for evaluation in this retrospective study. The mean age was 15 ± 2 years and the median (interquartile range) follow-up duration was 51 months (39 to 74). We did a competing risks analysis to tally cumulative incidence of all-cause revision procedures and cumulative incidence of aseptic loosening, periprosthetic fracture, hinge breakage, and infection. Other complications, including wound dehiscence, local recurrence, and stem breakage, were characterized descriptively and ascertained by review of electronic records of a longitudinally maintained institutional database by the treating surgeons. LLD was measured by serial clinical assessments and CT scans, starting since primary salvage surgery and until the latest follow-up of every patient. For the analysis of remaining LLD, we included only patients who were skeletally immature at time of primary resection and who had reached skeletal maturity by their latest follow-up (73% [69 of 94]). Functional outcome was assessed using MSTS scores obtained from a review of electronic records of a longitudinally maintained institutional database. RESULTS The 8-year cumulative incidence of revision surgery for any cause was 32% (95% confidence interval 23% to 42%). The 8-year cumulative incidence of aseptic loosening was 5% (95% CI 2% to 11%), periprosthetic fracture was 9% (95% CI 4% to 15%), hinge breakage was 19% (95% CI 12% to 28%), and infection was 7% (95% CI 3% to 14%). Other complications included wound dehiscence in 2% (2 of 94), stem breakage in 2% (2 of 94), and local recurrence in 2% (2 of 94) of patients. Stress shielding of the cortical bone around implanted stems was observed in 26% (24 of 94). The mean LLD for those who were skeletally immature at the time of primary resection and who reached skeletal maturity was 3.5 ± 2.6 cm. At latest follow-up, the median (IQR) MSTS score for all patients, excluding those who had complete implant removal or amputation, was 26 (24 to 27) of a maximum score of 30. CONCLUSION We observed a high rate of early revision and relatively frequent complications associated with the use of cementless fixation, and although this was not a comparative study, the findings were not superior to those reported by others who have studied cemented fixation for this indication. Furthermore, there may be some disadvantages with cementless fixation, such as stress shielding. Comparative studies about fixation methods are needed. The prevalence of bushing breakage in the current study highlights the importance of future modifications in the hinge design of both types of prostheses used in this study. Patients who were skeletally immature at the time of primary surgery had a LLD no more than 5 cm at skeletal maturity; consequently, nonexpandable endoprostheses may be appropriate for some adolescent patients who have limited remaining growth, although which patients are best suited for this approach would require specific study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, therapeutic study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Mohamed Shehab
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Cairo University and Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesma Farid
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Cairo University and Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Phocas A, Holst DC, Angerame MR, Kurkis G, Dennis DA. Total Hip Revision with a Custom Acetabular Component and Femoral Allograft-Prosthetic Composite as Salvage for Failed Unstable Megaprosthesis in an Adolescent Patient: A Case Report at 19-Year Follow-up Duration. JBJS Case Connect 2021; 11:01709767-202112000-00035. [PMID: 34735375 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.21.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CASE A 13-year-old girl presented after a right proximal femur replacement after proximal femoral resection for treatment of an Ewing sarcoma. She presented after multiple episodes of recurrent instability with her hip endoprosthesis chronically dislocated. Her hip was revised to a custom, constrained metal-on-metal acetabular component with a small iliac flange. The femoral component was revised to an allograft-prosthetic composite. She has been free of malignancy recurrence, implant failure, or dislocation at 19-year follow-up duration. CONCLUSION Dislocation of the prosthetic hip can be a challenging postoperative complication, particularly when associated with a tumor megaprosthesis in a pediatric age group. This is further compounded in the presence of deficient pelvic bone stock. Restoration of bone stock is optimal, but when impossible, custom components may be necessary to establish hip stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David C Holst
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Douglas A Dennis
- Colorado Joint Replacement, Denver, Colorado.,Adjunct Professor of Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Denver University, Denver, Colorado.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Imaging following surgery for primary appendicular bone tumours. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:1527-1555. [PMID: 33481074 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Primary bone tumours are uncommon, with sarcomas accounting for < 0.2% of all malignancies. The survival rate of primary bone sarcomas has significantly improved due to (neo)adjuvant therapy, while improved surgical techniques and development of new prostheses have shifted the surgical focus from amputation to limb preservation in the vast majority of patients. A wide variety of surgical options are available for the treatment of primary bone tumours which depend upon histological diagnosis, their appearance at the time of presentation and response to any (neo)adjuvant therapy as required. This review is intended to help radiologists familiarise themselves with the management of primary appendicular bone tumours and expected normal postoperative appearances for the various surgical techniques, and to recognise potential complications.
Collapse
|
10
|
Composite-Free Vascularized Fibular Epiphyseal Flap and Proximal Humeral Allograft for Proximal Humerus Reconstruction in a Pediatric Patient. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS GLOBAL RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2021; 5:01979360-202107000-00005. [PMID: 34232929 PMCID: PMC8265871 DOI: 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-21-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumors involving the epiphysis in children present a reconstructive challenge. A free vascularized fibula epiphyseal transfer offers a means for biological reconstruction and longitudinal growth; however, it is often complicated by graft fracture and limited shoulder motion. Here, we present a case of a composite structural allograft with free vascularized fibula epiphyseal transfer for proximal humeral reconstruction. At 27-month follow-up, there was longitudinal growth, hypertrophy of the epiphysis, shoulder function which allowed activities of daily living, and no graft fracture.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gannon NP, McHugh KM, Ameduri RK, Ogilvie CM. Safety of a Noninvasive Expandable Electromagnetic Prosthesis with an In Situ Ventricular Assist Device: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2021; 11:01709767-202106000-00051. [PMID: 33905379 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.20.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CASE An 8-year-old girl was diagnosed with osteosarcoma of the distal femur. She underwent chemotherapy and wide resection with implantation of a noninvasive electromagnetic expandable distal femur prosthesis. Ninety-three days after chemotherapy, she developed anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy with heart failure for which a ventricular assist device was placed. Device compatibility was tested, and she was successfully lengthened. CONCLUSION Expandable prostheses allow limb length maintenance in skeletally immature patients who undergo limb salvage. Chemotherapy for osteosarcoma involves anthracyclines with a dose-dependent side effect of cardiotoxicity. Patients can be successfully and safely lengthened with expandable electromagnetic prostheses with in situ ventricular assist devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Gannon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kristy M McHugh
- Department of Solid Organ Transplant, Fairview, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rebecca K Ameduri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Christian M Ogilvie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Staals EL, Sambri A, Campanacci DA, Muratori F, Leithner A, Gilg MM, Gortzak Y, Van De Sande M, Dierselhuis E, Mascard E, Windhager R, Funovics P, Schinhan M, Vyrva O, Sys G, Bolshakov N, Aston W, Gikas P, Schubert T, Jeys L, Abudu A, Manfrini M, Donati DM. Expandable distal femur megaprosthesis: A European Musculoskeletal Oncology Society study on 299 cases. J Surg Oncol 2020; 122:760-765. [PMID: 32506533 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Expandable distal femur prostheses have become more popular over the last decades, but scientific data is limited. METHODS A retrospective study was performed, including cases treated between 1986 and 2019 in 15 European referral centers for bone sarcomas. RESULTS A total of 299 cases were included. Average follow-up was 80 months (range, 8-287 months). Mean patient age was 10 years. Most (80%) of the implants were noninvasive growers and a fixed hinge knee was used more often (64%) than a rotating hinge. Most prosthetic designs showed good (>80%) implant survival at 10 years, but repeat surgery was required for 63% of the patients. The most frequent reason for revision procedure was the completion of lengthening potential. Noninvasive expandable implants showed less risk of infection compared to invasive growers (11.8% vs 22.9% at 10 years). No difference in aseptic loosening was found between cemented and uncemented stems. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the increasing popularity of expandable distal femur prostheses, with overall good results for function and implant survival. However, repeat surgery is frequently required, especially in patients under the age of 10 years old. Infection is less frequent in noninvasive growers compared to implants that require invasive lengthening procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Sambri
- Orthopedic Surgery, AOSP Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Muratori
- Orthopedic Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Firenze, Italy
| | | | | | - Yair Gortzak
- Orthopedic Surgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Eric Mascard
- Orthopedic Surgery, hôpital-Necker, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Oleg Vyrva
- Orthopedic Surgery, Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Pathology, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Gwen Sys
- Orthopedic Surgery, Universitai Ziekenhuis Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nikolay Bolshakov
- Orthopedic Surgery, National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Will Aston
- Orthopedic Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotas Gikas
- Orthopedic Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Schubert
- Orthopedic Surgery, Clinic Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lee Jeys
- Orthopedic Surgery, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adesegun Abudu
- Orthopedic Surgery, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Manfrini
- Orthopedic Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tsuda Y, Tsoi K, Stevenson JD, Fujiwara T, Tillman R, Abudu A. Extendable Endoprostheses in Skeletally Immature Patients: A Study of 124 Children Surviving More Than 10 Years After Resection of Bone Sarcomas. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2020; 102:151-162. [PMID: 31714469 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.19.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extendable endoprostheses are used to reconstruct segmental defects following resection of bone sarcomas in skeletally immature patients. However, there remains a paucity of studies with regard to long-term outcomes. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 124 skeletally immature children who underwent an extendable endoprosthetic replacement and survived more than 10 years after the surgical procedures. Anatomical sites included the distal part of the femur (n = 66), the proximal part of the femur (n = 13), the proximal part of the tibia (n = 29), and the proximal part of the humerus (n = 16). Complications and implant survival were classified according to the modified Henderson criteria. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 24 years (range, 10 to 36 years). The mean age at the time of the extendable endoprosthetic replacement was 9 years (range, 2 to 16 years). All patients had reached skeletal maturity at the last follow-up. The 10-year endoprosthetic failure-free survival rate was 28%. A total of 243 complications occurred in 90% of patients; these complications were most frequently related to soft-tissue problems (27% of complications). The incidence of and cumulative survival with respect to each failure mode varied between anatomical sites. Soft-tissue failures occurred most frequently in the proximal part of the femur (77%; p = 0.003), and the distal part of the femur was the most frequent site of aseptic loosening (52%; p = 0.014) and structural failure (55%; p = 0.001). Excluding lengthening procedures, 105 patients (85%) underwent an additional surgical procedure, with a mean of 2.7 surgical procedures per patient (range, 0 to 7 surgical procedures per patient). The mean limb-length discrepancy at the final follow-up was 1 cm (range, 0 to 9 cm). Limb salvage was achieved in 113 patients (91%). The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score (the percentage of a total score of 30 points) was 82% (range, 40% to 100%) in 115 patients with available data at the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Extendable endoprostheses are associated with a high complication rate and a need for additional surgical procedures over time. Despite this, successful limb salvage with reasonable function and small limb-length discrepancy is achievable in the long term. Our study provides benchmark data for individual anatomical sites for further improvements of outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tsuda
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tsuda Y, Fujiwara T, Stevenson JD, Parry MC, Tillman R, Abudu A. The long-term results of extendable endoprostheses of the humerus in children after the resection of a bone sarcoma. Bone Joint J 2020; 102-B:64-71. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.102b12.bjj-2020-0124.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aims The purpose of this study was to report the long-term results of extendable endoprostheses of the humerus in children after the resection of a bone sarcoma. Methods A total of 35 consecutive patients treated with extendable endoprosthetic replacement of the humerus in children were included. There were 17 boys and 18 girls in the series with a median age at the time of initial surgery of nine years (interquartile range (IQR) 7 to 11). Results The median follow-up time was 10.6 years (IQR 3.9 to 20.4). The overall implant survival at ten years was 75%. Complications occurred in 13 patients (37%). Subluxation at the proximal humerus occurred in 19 patients (54%) but only six (17%) were symptomatic. Subluxation was seen more commonly in children under the age of nine years (86%) than in those aged nine years or more (33%) (p = 0.002). Implant failure occurred in nine patients (26%): the most common cause was aseptic loosening (four patients, 11%). Lengthening of the implant was carried out in 23 patients (66%). At final follow up, three patients had a limb that was shortened by 5 cm or more. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) functional score was 79% (73% to 90%). Conclusion Extendable endoprosthetic replacement is a reliable method of reconstructing humerus after excision of a bone sarcoma. Children who are less than nine years old have a high risk of subluxation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(1):64–71
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tsuda
- Oncology Department, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ji T, Yang Y, Li DS, Tang XD, Guo W. Limb Salvage Using Non-hinged Endoprosthesis and Staged Correction of Leg-length Discrepancy for Children with Distal Femoral Malignant Tumors. Orthop Surg 2019; 11:819-825. [PMID: 31489784 PMCID: PMC6819186 DOI: 10.1111/os.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limb salvage in pediatric patients remains a challenge. We describe a staged strategy. The procedure includes: (i) tumor removal and non-hinged static endoprosthesis reconstruction; (ii) leg length discrepancy (LLD) correction by shoe lift or distraction osteogenesis; and (iii) maturity reconstruction by regular endoprosthesis. The aim of the study was to investigate the results of non-hinged static megaprosthesis reconstruction and staged LLD correction in the treatment of malignant tumors in the distal femur in children. METHODS Non-hinged megaprostheses were implanted in 12 pediatric patients with osteosarcoma in the distal femur. The prosthesis consists of a femoral component with constrained condylar knee (CCK) design, and a tibial component with a small-diameter press-fit stem and derotation fins. A posterior stabilizing polyethylene component is fixed on the tibial component. The cases were prospectively followed up with focus on the growth rate of adjacent uninvolved bone in the salvaged limb, joint stability, knee stability, function outcome, length discrepancy, and surgery-related complications. RESULTS There were five girls and seven boys included in the study, with an average age at the time of primary surgery of 10.0 years (range, 8-12 years). All the tumors were located in the distal femur. The average follow up was 76.3 months (range, 24-139 months). The Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System (LARS) ligament was used in two patients to enhance the soft tissue reattachment and reconstruct medial collateral ligament (MCL). Ten patients were alive at the final follow-up and two had died of lung metastases. Expected LLD was 6.7 cm (range, 3.0-13.2 cm) at initial surgery. At the final follow-up, nine patients reached skeletal maturity and the actual LLD at the femur was 5.3 cm (range, 3.0-10.1 cm), excluding 1 cm correction at initial surgery by endoprosthesis. The proximal tibia physis showed an average of 86.7% (range, 56.5%-100%) growth of the contralateral side. The mean reduction in tibial length was 1.2 cm (range, 0.5-4.7 cm). Six patients received distraction osteogenesis at a mean length of 5.4 cm (range, 3.0-9.1 cm). Range of knee movement was between 85° and 125°, with an average of 102.5°. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 93 score of patients alive was 80.6 (range, 60-90). CONCLUSION Non-hinged static megaprosthesis followed by LLD correction with shoe lift or staged distraction osteogenesis appears to be an alternative option to treat children with malignant bone tumors around the knee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ji
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Sen Li
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Tang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Savvidou OD, Kaspiris A, Dimopoulos L, Georgopoulos G, Goumenos SD, Papadakis V, Papagelopoulos PJ. Functional and Surgical Outcomes After Endoprosthetic Reconstruction With Expandable Prostheses in Children: A Systematic Review. Orthopedics 2019; 42:184-190. [PMID: 31323102 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20190625-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of bone sarcomas in children is associated with wide tumor re-section and segmental reconstruction. The optimal surgical approach is still under debate in the literature. During the past decade, the application of expandable prostheses has gained remarkable attention because it improves patients' appearance and allows limb growth preventing leg length discrepancy. A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify studies focusing on the functional and surgical outcomes of the application of expandable endoprostheses. [Orthopedics. 2019; 42(4):184-190.].
Collapse
|
17
|
Stevenson JD, Doxey R, Abudu A, Parry M, Evans S, Peart F, Jeys L. Vascularized fibular epiphyseal transfer for proximal humeral reconstruction in children with a primary sarcoma of bone. Bone Joint J 2018; 100-B:535-541. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.100b4.bjj-2017-0830.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims Preserving growth following limb-salvage surgery of the upper limb in children remains a challenge. Vascularized autografts may provide rapid biological incorporation with the potential for growth and longevity. In this study, we aimed to describe the outcomes following proximal humeral reconstruction with a vascularized fibular epiphyseal transfer in children with a primary sarcoma of bone. We also aimed to quantify the hypertrophy of the graft and the annual growth, and to determine the functional outcomes of the neoglenofibular joint. Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 11 patients who underwent this procedure for a primary bone tumour of the proximal humerus between 2004 and 2015. Six had Ewing’s sarcoma and five had osteosarcoma. Their mean age at the time of surgery was five years (two to eight). The mean follow-up was 5.2 years (1 to 12.2). Results The overall survival at five and ten years was 91% (confidence interval (CI) 95% 75% to 100%). At the time of the final review, ten patients were alive. One with local recurrence and metastasis died one-year post-operatively. Complications included seven fractures, four transient nerve palsies, and two patients developed avascular necrosis of the graft. All the fractures presented within the first postoperative year and united with conservative management. One patient had two further operations for a slipped fibular epiphysis of the autograft, and a hemi-epiphysiodesis for lateral tibial physeal arrest. Hypertrophy and axial growth were evident in nine patients who did not have avascular necrosis of the graft. The mean hypertrophy index was 65% (55% to 82%), and the mean growth was 4.6 mm per annum (2.4 to 7.6) in these nine grafts. At final follow-up, the mean modified functional Musculoskeletal Tumour Society score was 77% (63% to 83%) and the mean Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) was 84% (65% to 94%). Conclusion Vascularized fibular epiphyseal transfer preserves function and growth in young children following excision of the proximal humerus for a malignant bone tumour. Function compares favourably to other limb-salvage procedures in children. Longer term analysis is required to determine if this technique proves to be durable into adulthood. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:535–41.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Stevenson
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, The Woodlands,
Birmingham, Aston University Medical School, Aston
Express Way, Birmingham, B4
7ET, UK
| | - R. Doxey
- University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, UK
| | - A. Abudu
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, The
Woodlands, Bristol Road South, Birmingham
B31 2AP, UK
| | - M. Parry
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, The Woodlands,
Birmingham, Aston University Medical School, Aston
Express Way, Birmingham, B4
7ET, UK
| | - S. Evans
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, The
Woodlands, Bristol Road South, Birmingham
B31 2AP, UK
| | - F. Peart
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, The
Woodlands, Bristol Road South, Birmingham
B31 2AP, UK
| | - L. Jeys
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, The Woodlands,
Bristol Road South, Birmingham, University
of Aston, Aston Expressway, Birmingham, B4
7ET, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aponte-Tinao LA, Albergo JI, Ayerza MA, Muscolo DL, Ing FM, Farfalli GL. What Are the Complications of Allograft Reconstructions for Sarcoma Resection in Children Younger Than 10 Years at Long-term Followup? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2018. [PMID: 29529639 PMCID: PMC6260017 DOI: 10.1007/s11999.0000000000000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preservation of limb function after resection of malignant bone tumors in skeletally immature children is challenging. Resection of bone sarcomas and reconstruction with an allograft in patients younger than 10 years old is one reconstructive alternative. However, long-term studies analyzing late complications and limb length discrepancy at skeletal maturity are scarce; this information would be important, because growth potential is altered in these patients owing to the loss of one physis during tumor resection. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES At a minimum followup of 10 years after reconstructions in children younger than 10 years of age at the time of reconstruction, we asked what is (1) the limb length discrepancy at skeletal maturity and how was it managed; (2) the risk of amputation; (3) the risk of allograft removal; and (4) the risk of second surgery resulting from complications? METHODS Between 1994 and 2006, we performed 22 bone allografts after bone sarcoma resections in children younger than 10 years of age. Of those, none were lost to followup before the minimum followup of 10 years was reached, and an additional six had died of disease (of whom three died since our last report on this group of patients), leaving 16 patients whom we studied here. Followup on these patients was at a mean of 13.5 years (range, 10-22 years). During the period in question, no other treatments (such as extendible prostheses, amputations, etc) were used. The mean age at the time of the original surgery was 7 years (range, 2-10 years), and the mean age of the 16 alive patients at last followup was 20 years (range, 15-28 years). This series included 10 boys and six girls with 14 osteosarcomas and two Ewing sarcomas. Ten reconstructions were performed with an intercalary allograft and six with an osteoarticular allograft. The growth plate was uninvolved in three patients, whereas in the remaining 13, the growth plate was included in the resection (seven intercalary and six osteoarticular allografts). Limb length discrepancy at skeletal maturity was measured with full-length standing radiographs, and data were collected by retrospective study of a longitudinally maintained institutional database. The risk of amputation, allograft removal, and secondary surgery resulting from a complication was calculated by a competing-risk analysis method. RESULTS We observed no limb length discrepancy at skeletal maturity in the three patients with intercalary resections in whom we preserved the physes on both sides of the joint (two femurs and one tibia); however, one patient developed malalignment that was treated with corrective osteotomy of the tibia. The remaining 13 patients developed limb length discrepancy as a result of loss of one physis. Seven patients (four femurs, two tibias, and one humerus) developed shortening of ≤ 3 cm (mean, 2.4 cm; range, 1-3 cm) and no lengthening was performed. Six patients developed > 3 cm of limb discrepancy at skeletal maturity (all distal femoral reconstructions). In four patients this was treated with femoral lengthening, whereas two declined this procedure (each with 6 cm of shortening). In the four patients who had a lengthening procedure, one patient had a final discrepancy of 4 cm, whereas the other three had equal limb lengths at followup. The risk of amputation was 4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0-15) and none occurred since our previous report. The risk of allograft removal was 15% (95% CI, 1-29) and none occurred since our previous report on this group of patients. The risk of other operations resulting from a complication was 38% (95% CI, 19-57). Eleven patients underwent a second operation resulting from a complication (three local recurrences, five fractures, one infection, one nonunion, and one tibial deformity), of which three were performed since our last report on this group of patients. CONCLUSIONS Limb length inequalities and subsequent procedures to correct them were common in this small series of very young patients as were complications resulting in operative procedures, but overall most allografts remained in place at long-term followup. In skeletally immature children, bone allograft is one alternative among several that are available (such as rotationplasty and endoprosthesis), and future studies with long followup may be able to compare the available options with one another. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, therapeutic study.
Collapse
|
19
|
Nicholas RW. CORR Insights®: MRI Identification of the Osseous Extent of Pediatric Bone Sarcomas. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2018. [PMID: 29529642 PMCID: PMC6260026 DOI: 10.1007/s11999.0000000000000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Nicholas
- R. W. Nicholas, University of Arkansas Medical Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nicholas RW. CORR Insights®: What Are the Complications of Allograft Reconstructions for Sarcoma Resection in Children Younger Than 10 Years at Long-term Followup? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2018. [PMID: 29529640 PMCID: PMC6260016 DOI: 10.1007/s11999.0000000000000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Nicholas
- R. W. Nicholas, University of Arkansas Medical Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
When Do Orthopaedic Oncologists Consider the Implantation of Expandable Prostheses in Bone Sarcoma Patients? Sarcoma 2018; 2018:3504075. [PMID: 29681761 PMCID: PMC5845529 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3504075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Indications discussed for the implantation of expandable prostheses in bone sarcoma patients are unclear. This survey aimed to analyse common practice with this implant type in orthopaedic oncology. Methods A web-based survey was sent to 98 orthopaedic oncology surgeons. Factors reported in literature to influence the decision on the implantation of a growing prosthesis were covered in individual questions and three case scenarios. Results The completion rate of the survey was 45% (n = 44). Twenty-seven of 44 surgeons (61%) had implanted between 1 and 15 expandable prostheses within three years. The minimum median patient age was 6.5 years, and 3–5 cm of predicted growth deficit was the minimum before implanting a growing prosthesis. One-third of surgeons do not use growth calculation methods. Two out of three surgeons would rather not implant a growing prosthesis in children with metastatic disease. Conclusions Our survey confirmed the literature with 3-4 cm as the minimum estimated growth deficit. The minimum age for the implantation of a growing prosthesis is approx. 6.6 years, and therefore the patients are younger than those reported in previous publications. One-quarter of orthopaedic surgeons do not use growing prostheses at all. It remains unclear whether growing prostheses are indicated in patients with metastatic disease.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ulici A, Sterian AG, Tevanov I, Carp M, Dusca A, Cosma D. Aggressive development of an aneurysmal bone cyst of the proximal femur in a paediatric patient: a case report. J Int Med Res 2017; 46:538-545. [PMID: 28835150 PMCID: PMC6011312 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517722244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report development of an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) that was located in the proximal region of the femur in an 11-year-old girl. Over a period of 30 weeks, the ABC showed fulminant local progression, with destruction of the bone, which led to an abrupt loss of function of the left hip. The standard tumour treatment protocol was followed. We performed embolisation of the tumour followed by a biopsy, which confirmed the diagnosis of ABC. The outcome was negative with total destruction of the proximal third of the femur, despite repeating the embolisation. Because of the unfavourable local progression, a second biopsy was performed and we reconfirmed the initial diagnosis. The final decision regarding the therapeutic approach was total hip arthroplasty with femoral reconstruction with a prosthesis. Following this treatment, the patient’s outcome was favourable, with complete recovery of function and no local relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Ulici
- 1 155400 Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery , Emergency Hospital for Children "Grigore Alexandrescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alin Gabriel Sterian
- 1 155400 Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery , Emergency Hospital for Children "Grigore Alexandrescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia Tevanov
- 1 155400 Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery , Emergency Hospital for Children "Grigore Alexandrescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Carp
- 1 155400 Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery , Emergency Hospital for Children "Grigore Alexandrescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Dusca
- 1 155400 Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery , Emergency Hospital for Children "Grigore Alexandrescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Cosma
- 2 Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Rehabilitation Clinical Hospital Cluj-Napoca, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gilg MM, Gaston CL, Parry MC, Jeys L, Abudu A, Tillman RM, Carter SR, Grimer RJ. What is the morbidity of a non-invasive growing prosthesis? Bone Joint J 2017; 98-B:1697-1703. [PMID: 27909134 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.98b12.bjj-2016-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Extendible endoprostheses have been available for more than 30 years and have become more sophisticated with time. The latest generation is 'non-invasive' and can be lengthened with an external magnetic force. Early results have shown a worryingly high rate of complications such as infection. This study investigates the incidence of complications and the need for further surgery in a cohort of patients with a non-invasive growing endoprosthesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 2003 and June 2014, 50 children (51 prostheses) had a non-invasive growing prosthesis implanted for a primary bone sarcoma. The minimum follow-up was 24 months for those who survived. Their mean age was 10.4 years (6 to 14). The incidence of complications and further surgery was documented. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 64 months (20 to 145). The overall survivorship of the patients was 84% at three years and 70% at five years. Revision-free survival was 81.7% at three years and 61.6% at five years with competing risk analysis. Deep infection occurred in 19.6% of implants at a mean of 12.5 months (0 to 55). Other complications were a failure of the lengthening mechanism in five prostheses (9.8%) and breakage of the implant in two (3.9%). Overall, there were 53 additional operations (0 to 5 per patient). A total of seven patients (14%) underwent amputation, three for local recurrence and four for infection. Their mean limb length discrepancy was 4.3 mm (0 to 25) and mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score functional score was 26.5 (18 to 30) at the final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS When compared with previously published early results, this mid-term series has shown continued good functional outcomes and compensation for leg-length discrepancy. Infection is still the most common complication: post-operative wound healing problems, central line infection and proximal tibial location are the main risk factors. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1697-1703.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Gilg
- Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - C L Gaston
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | - M C Parry
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | - L Jeys
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | - A Abudu
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | - R M Tillman
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | - S R Carter
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | - R J Grimer
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ho JC, Siqueira MBP, Jacob P, Goodwin RC, Barsoum WK. Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty in a 15 Year Old With Skeletal Dysplasia and Open Physes. Orthopedics 2016; 39:e549-52. [PMID: 27045485 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20160324-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There are limited reports of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the pediatric population. The use of constrained, stemmed components is particularly unusual in the setting of open physes due to concerns with growth arrest and implant survivorship. The current authors describe a 15-year-old boy with open growth plates and an epiphyseal dysplasia-like condition affecting the knees bilaterally. He had no other significant medical or orthopedic conditions and his genetic workup was negative. He had severe knee pain and a bilateral 40° valgus with severe lateral compartment arthritis. Conservative treatment provided no symptom relief, and the patient had been wheelchair bound for 18 months prior to presentation. Treatment with simultaneous bilateral TKA using cemented, stemmed, and constrained components was undertaken. There were no intraoperative complications, and his final follow-up was at 5.6 years postoperatively. Radiographic evaluation at follow-up showed that components were well placed with no loosening. The patient had pain-free motion and a perfect Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Based on the review of the literature and the outcomes of this case, the authors believe simultaneous bilateral TKA using cemented, stemmed, and constrained components is a reasonable option for joint reconstruction in the pediatric patient with open physes who also has significant arthritis and deformity not of oncologic origin. [Orthopedics. 2016; 39(3):e549-e552.].
Collapse
|
25
|
Chung SH, Jeon DG, Cho WH, Song WS, Kong CB, Cho SH, Kim BS, Lee SY. Temporary hemiarthroplasty with a synthetic device in children with osteosarcoma around the knee as a bridging procedure until skeletal maturity. J Surg Oncol 2015; 112:107-14. [PMID: 26179818 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that hemiarthroplasty with a synthetic device in skeletally immature patients with osteosarcoma around the knee would be functional due to high adaptability in the pediatric age group, and may decrease the number of surgeries until limb equalization by preserving the nearby physis. METHODS We analyzed the outcomes of 25 hemiarthroplasties (12 distal femur, 13 proximal tibia). Average patient age was 11.8 years. We assessed (1) whether hemiarthroplasty could be considered as a viable option and could preserve growth of the nearby physis, and (2) whether these patients could reach the final goal of adult-type tumor prosthesis implantation within a preplanned number of surgeries. RESULTS Three (12%) of 25 hemiarthroplasties showed failure. Average Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score of 23 patients was 25.1. Average tibial and femoral shortening for the corresponding reconstruction was 0.3 cm and 0.5 cm, respectively. In terms of number of surgeries for limb equalization, 19 patients (76%) had less, four (16%) had equal, and two (8%) had more surgeries than planned. CONCLUSIONS Hemiarthroplasty is a sound option until skeletal maturity, allowing surgeons to choose the appropriate procedure based on the patient's growth status, and may reduce the amount of shortening by preserving nearby physis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Hak Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Geun Jeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wan Hyeong Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Seok Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Bae Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Suk Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Yong Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Expandable Total Humeral Replacement in a Child with Osteosarcoma. Case Rep Orthop 2015; 2015:690159. [PMID: 26090254 PMCID: PMC4452195 DOI: 10.1155/2015/690159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Case. A right-handed 8-year-old female patient presented with a conventional, high-grade osteosarcoma involving her right humerus; through-shoulder amputation was recommended. After consultation, total humerus resection with expandable, total humeral endoprosthesis reconstruction was performed with a sleeve to encourage soft-tissue ingrowth. At three-year follow-up she has received one lengthening procedure and her functional scores are excellent. Conclusion. Total humeral resection and replacement in the pediatric population are rare and although early reports of expandable total humeral endoprosthesis outcomes demonstrate high failure rates, this patient's success indicates that expandable total humeral replacement is a viable option.
Collapse
|
27
|
Henderson ER, O'Connor MI, Ruggieri P, Windhager R, Funovics PT, Gibbons CL, Guo W, Hornicek FJ, Temple HT, Letson GD. Classification of failure of limb salvage after reconstructive surgery for bone tumours : a modified system Including biological and expandable reconstructions. Bone Joint J 2015; 96-B:1436-40. [PMID: 25371453 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.96b11.34747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous classification systems of failure of limb salvage focused primarily on endoprosthetic failures and lacked sufficient depth for the effective study of the causes of failure. In order to address these inadequacies, the International Society of Limb Salvage (ISOLS) formed a committee to recommend revisions of the previous systems. The purpose of this study was to report on their recommendations. The modifications were prepared using an earlier, evidence-based model with subclassification based on the existing medical literature. Subclassification for all five primary types of failure of limb salvage following endoprosthetic reconstruction were formulated and a complementary system was derived for the failure of biological reconstruction. An additional classification of failure in paediatric patients was also described. Limb salvage surgery presents a complex array of potential mechanisms of failure, and a complete and precise classification of types of failure is required. Earlier classification systems lacked specificity, and the evidence-based system outlined here is designed to correct these weaknesses and to provide a means of reporting failures of limb salvage in order to allow the interpretation of outcome following reconstructive surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E R Henderson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Musculoskeletal Oncology Program, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, PA, 03756, USA
| | - M I O'Connor
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - P Ruggieri
- Instituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Orthopaedic Oncology Division, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Windhager
- University of Vienna, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vienna, Austria
| | - P T Funovics
- University of Vienna, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vienna, Austria
| | - C L Gibbons
- Oxford University, Orthopaedic Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - W Guo
- People's Hospital, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - F J Hornicek
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Connective Tissue Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H T Temple
- University of Miami, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - G D Letson
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Sarcoma Program, Tampa, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li J, Shi L, Chen GJ. Image navigation assisted joint-saving surgery for treatment of bone sarcoma around knee in skeletally immature patients. Surg Oncol 2014; 23:132-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
29
|
Zhang P, Feng F, Cai Q, Yao W, Gao S, Wang J, Wang X. Effects of metaphyseal bone tumor removal with preservation of the epiphysis and knee arthroplasty. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:567-572. [PMID: 25009621 PMCID: PMC4079396 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of surgical removal of malignant metaphyseal bone tumors with epiphysis preservation and knee arthroplasty were analyzed. A total of 15 patients with malignant metaphyseal bone tumors were investigated. Six of these patients underwent epiphyseal preservation surgery with preoperative physeal distraction, termed the physeal distraction (PD) group. Nine patients underwent resection of the knee joint, combined with metal prosthesis transfer, termed the knee arthroplasty (KA) group. Tumor control, limb length discrepancy, range of movement (ROM) of the knee and functional outcome of lower limb [Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score and the Toronto extremity salvage score (TESS)] were assessed for these two groups. All 15 patients were followed-up after the surgery. One patient in the PD group was found to have lung tumor metastasis; however, no local tumor recurrence was found. In the KA group, local tumor recurrence was found in one patient, and lung metastases were observed in two cases postoperatively. The limb length discrepancy in patients of the PD group was 2.58±0.27 cm, which was significantly less compared with that in patients in the KA group (4.01±0.13 cm; P<0.05). In addition, the lower limb knee ROM in patients in the PD group was 127.70±14.63°, which was increased compared to that in patients in the KA group (105.70±15.48°; P<0.05). The mean MSTS score was 86.67% with a mean TESS of 82.33% in patients from the PD group, which showed no significant difference compared with the respective scores for patients in the KA group (P>0.05). Therefore, epiphyseal sparing limb-saving surgeries should be considered for the treatment of malignant metaphyseal bone tumors in children, when certain indications are satisfied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Qiqing Cai
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Weitao Yao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Songtao Gao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mangat KS, Jeys LM, Carter SR. Latest developments in limb-salvage surgery in osteosarcoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 11:205-15. [DOI: 10.1586/era.10.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
31
|
Marulanda GA, Henderson ER, Palumbo BT, Alexander GE, Cheong D, Letson GD. Use of extendable prostheses: a limb-salvaging alternative for patients with malignant bone tumors. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 5:467-74. [DOI: 10.1586/17434440.5.4.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
32
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expandable prostheses offer the advantages of limb-salvage and limb-length equality at skeletal maturity. However, what is the cost for achieving that goal, and in how many children this is achieved? MATERIALS AND METHODS We present 32 children (16 boys and 16 girls; mean age, 9 y) with bone sarcomas of the femur treated with limb salvage using expandable prostheses. The Kotz Growing prosthesis and the noninvasive Repiphysis and Stanmore expandable prostheses were used. The mean follow-up was 49 months. Survival analysis of the children and primary implants and functional evaluation were performed. RESULTS Survival of the children was 94% and 84% at 48 and 72 months. Survival of the primary prostheses was 78% and 66% at 48 and 72 months; survival was significantly higher only for the Kotz when compared with the Repiphysis prostheses (P=0.026). The rate of implant-related complications was 51.3%; 9 prostheses (23%) were revised because of aseptic loosening, infection, and breakage. A mean total lengthening of 28 mm (4 to 165 mm) was achieved by 84 procedures (2.6 procedures/patient). Three of the 9 children who reached skeletal maturity had limb-length equality and 6 discrepancy of 15 to 30 mm. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was excellent (79%) without a significant difference between the type of prostheses (P=0.934). CONCLUSIONS The Kotz Growing prosthesis, although it requires an open lengthening procedure, has shown higher survival when compared with the noninvasive Repiphysis prosthesis. However, the total lengthening remains small, and the complications rates are high even with the noninvasive prostheses.
Collapse
|
33
|
Physeal distraction for joint preservation in malignant metaphyseal bone tumors in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2012; 470:1749-54. [PMID: 22203330 PMCID: PMC3348308 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-011-2224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physeal distraction facilitates metaphyseal bone tumor resection in children and preserves the adjacent joint. The technique was first described by Cañadell. Tumor resection procedures allowing limb-sparing reconstruction have been used increasingly in recent years without compromising oncologic principles. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We report our results with Cañadell's technique by assessing tumor control, functional outcome, and complications. METHODS Six consecutive children with primary malignant metaphyseal bone tumors underwent physeal distraction as a part of tumor resection. Tumor location was the distal femur in four patients, the proximal humerus in one patient, and the proximal tibia in one patient. The functional outcome was evaluated after a minimum of 18 months (median, 62 months; range, 18-136 months) using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score and the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS). RESULTS At latest followup, five patients were alive and disease-free and one had died from metastatic disease. All tumor resections resulted in local control; there were no local recurrencies. The mean MSTS score was 79% (range, 53%-97%) and corresponding mean TESS was 83% (range, 71%-92%). In one case, postoperative infection required amputation of the proximal lower leg. All physeal distractions were successful except for one patient in whom distraction resulted in rupturing into the tumor. This situation was salvaged by transepiphyseal resection. CONCLUSIONS We consider Cañadell's technique a useful tool in the armamentarium to treat children with malignant tumors that are in close proximity to an open physis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Collapse
|
34
|
Hwang N, Grimer RJ, Carter SR, Tillman RM, Abudu A, Jeys LM. Early results of a non-invasive extendible prosthesis for limb-salvage surgery in children with bone tumours. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:265-9. [PMID: 22323698 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.94b2.27536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed our initial seven-year experience with a non-invasive extendible prosthesis in 34 children with primary bone tumours. The distal femur was replaced in 25 cases, total femur in five, proximal femur in one and proximal tibia in three. The mean follow-up was 44 months (15 to 86) and 27 patients (79%) remain alive. The prostheses were lengthened by an electromagnetic induction mechanism in an outpatient setting and a mean extension of 32 mm (4 to 80) was achieved without anaesthesia. There were lengthening complications in two children: failed lengthening in one and the formation of scar tissue in the other. Deep infection developed in six patients (18%) and local recurrence in three. A total of 11 patients required further surgery to the leg. Amputation was necessary in five patients (20%) and a two-stage revision in another. There were no cases of loosening, but two patients had implant breakage and required revision. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score was 85% (60% to 100%) at last known follow-up. These early results demonstrate that the non-invasive extendible prosthesis allows successful lengthening without surgical intervention, but the high incidence of infection is a cause for concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Hwang
- University Hospital Coventry Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, Warwickshire CV2 2DX, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Henderson ER, Pepper AM, Marulanda G, Binitie OT, Cheong D, Letson GD. Outcome of lower-limb preservation with an expandable endoprosthesis after bone tumor resection in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012; 94:537-47. [PMID: 22438003 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.i.01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal treatment of malignant pediatric lower-extremity bone tumors is controversial. Expandable endoprostheses allow limb preservation, but the revision rate and limited function are considered barriers to their use. This study investigated the functional, emotional, and oncologic outcomes of thirty-eight patients treated with an expandable endoprosthesis. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed, and surviving patients were asked to complete the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) outcomes instrument and the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI). Additional data including the range of hip and knee motion, limb-length discrepancy, and total lengthening were also obtained. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients were treated with an expandable endoprosthesis, and twenty-six of these patients were alive at the time of the study. The mean global MSTS score was 26.1, and the mean global PODCI score was 85.8. The mean emotional acceptance and happiness subscores were high. The mean sagittal-plane hip motion in patients who had undergone replacement of the proximal aspect of the femur was 103°. The mean knee motion in patients who had undergone replacement of the proximal aspect of the femur, the distal aspect of the femur, or the proximal aspect of the tibia was 127°, 97°, and 107°, respectively. The mean lengthening at the time of skeletal maturity was 4.5 cm, and the mean limb-length discrepancy was 0.7 cm. Forty-two percent of the patients experienced complications, with ten patients requiring prosthesis revision and two of these patients requiring amputation. CONCLUSIONS Current technology does not offer a single best reconstruction option for children. Previous studies and the present series have indicated that physical and emotional functioning in patients treated with an expandable endoprosthesis are good but that complication rates remain high. Amputation and rotationplasty are alternative treatments if patients and their families are amenable to these procedures. The literature supports no single superior treatment among these three options with regard to physical or emotional health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Henderson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of South Florida, MDF 5th Floor, 13220 USF Laurel Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Picardo NE, Blunn GW, Shekkeris AS, Meswania J, Aston WJ, Pollock RC, Skinner JA, Cannon SR, Briggs TW. The medium-term results of the Stanmore non-invasive extendible endoprosthesis in the treatment of paediatric bone tumours. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:425-30. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.94b3.27738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In skeletally immature patients, resection of bone tumours and reconstruction of the lower limb often results in leg-length discrepancy. The Stanmore non-invasive extendible endoprosthesis, which uses electromagnetic induction, allows post-operative lengthening without anaesthesia. Between 2002 and 2009, 55 children with a mean age of 11.4 years (5 to 16) underwent reconstruction with this prosthesis; ten patients (18.2%) died of disseminated disease and one child underwent amputation due to infection. We reviewed 44 patients after a mean follow-up of 41.2 months (22 to 104). The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 24.7 (8 to 30) and the Toronto Extremity Salvage score was 92.3% (55.2% to 99.0%). There was no local recurrence of tumour. Complications developed in 16 patients (29.1%) and ten (18.2%) underwent revision. The mean length gained per patient was 38.6 mm (3.5 to 161.5), requiring a mean of 11.3 extensions (1 to 40), and ten component exchanges were performed in nine patients (16.4%) after attaining the maximum lengthening capacity of the implant. There were 11 patients (20%) who were skeletally mature at follow-up, ten of whom had equal leg lengths and nine had a full range of movement of the hip and knee. This is the largest reported series using non-invasive extendible endoprostheses after excision of primary bone tumours in skeletally immature patients. The technique produces a good functional outcome, with prevention of limb-length discrepancy at skeletal maturity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. E. Picardo
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Bone
Tumour Unit, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex
HA7 4LP, UK
| | - G. W. Blunn
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, John
Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering UCL, Brockley
Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7
4LP, UK
| | - A. S. Shekkeris
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Bone
Tumour Unit, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex
HA7 4LP, UK
| | - J. Meswania
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, John
Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering UCL, Brockley
Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7
4LP, UK
| | - W. J. Aston
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Bone
Tumour Unit, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex
HA7 4LP, UK
| | - R. C. Pollock
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Bone
Tumour Unit, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex
HA7 4LP, UK
| | - J. A. Skinner
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Bone
Tumour Unit, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex
HA7 4LP, UK
| | - S. R. Cannon
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Bone
Tumour Unit, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex
HA7 4LP, UK
| | - T. W. Briggs
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Bone
Tumour Unit, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex
HA7 4LP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Gaston CL, Tillman RM, Grimer RJ. Distal femoral physeal growth arrest secondary to a cemented proximal femoral endoprosthetic replacement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 93:708-10. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.93b5.26324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of spontaneous physeal growth arrest of the distal femur in a nine-year-old child with Ewing’s sarcoma of the proximal femur treated with chemotherapy and endoprosthetic replacement. Owing to the extent of disuse osteoporosis at the time of surgery, the entire intramedullary canal up to the distal femoral physis was filled with cement. Three years later, the femur remained at its pre-operative length of 19 cm. Pre-operative calculations of further growth failed to account for the growth arrest, and the initial expandable growing prosthesis inserted has been revised to a longer one in order to address the leg-length discrepancy. To our knowledge, this is the only reported case of distal femoral physeal growth arrest following cemented endoprosthetic replacement of the proximal femur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. L. Gaston
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham B31 2AP, UK
| | - R. M. Tillman
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham B31 2AP, UK
| | - R. J. Grimer
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham B31 2AP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Song WS, Kong CB, Jeon DG, Cho WH, Kim JR, Lee SY. Overlapping allograft in reconstructive surgery for malignant bone tumours in paediatric patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 93:537-41. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.93b4.25406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The use of allografts for the treatment of bone tumours in children is limited by nonunion and the difficulty of finding a suitable graft. Furthermore, appositional growth can’t be expected of an allograft. We used an overlapping allograft in 11 children, with a mean age of ten years (4 to 15), with a mean follow-up of 24.1 months (20 to 33). There were five intercalary and six intra-articular resections, and the tumours were in the femur in six cases and the humerus in five. Rates of union, times to union, remodelling patterns and allograft-associated complications were evaluated. No allograft was removed due to a complication. Of the 16 junctional sites, 15 (94%) showed union at a mean of 3.1 months (2 to 5). Remodelling between host and allograft was seen at 14 junctions at a mean of five months (4 to 7). The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 26.5 of 30 (88.3%). One case of nonunion and another with screw protrusion required re-operation. Overlapping allografts have the potential to shorten time to union, decrease rates of nonunion and have positive appositional growth effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W. S. Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4, Gongneungdong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - C.-B. Kong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4, Gongneungdong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - D.-G. Jeon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4, Gongneungdong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - W. H. Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4, Gongneungdong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - J. R. Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 634-18, Geumam-dong, Dugjin-gu, Jeonju 561-712, Korea
| | - S.-Y. Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4, Gongneungdong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Long-term results in children with massive bone osteoarticular allografts of the knee for high-grade osteosarcoma. J Pediatr Orthop 2010; 30:919-27. [PMID: 21102223 DOI: 10.1097/bpo.0b013e3181fa7981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reconstruction of distal femur or proximal tibia in growing patients is a challenge for the high rate of complications and limb length discrepancy at the end of growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of children affected by high-grade osteosarcoma of the knee region, reconstructed by osteoarticular bone allograft of distal femur, and proximal tibia. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 25 patients treated for high-grade osteosarcoma, 13 in the distal femur and 12 in the proximal tibia. The mean follow-up was 124 months. Clinical and radiologic evaluation was carried out in the 20 long-term survivors with a minimum follow-up of 7 years from surgery. The rates of survival of the implants were estimated with use of the Kaplan-Meier method. Functional and radiographic evaluation was done according to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scoring system at the time of the latest follow-up in all the patients that still had the allograft. RESULTS Five patients died during the first 2 years of follow-up for disease-related causes. Of the remaining 20 osteoarticular allografts (10 of the distal femur and 10 of the proximal tibia), 12 failed: 4 in the distal femur and 8 in the proximal tibia. All the failures were related to a graft fracture, but in 4 patients with subchondral collapse the graft was maintained and converted into an allograft prosthetic composite. No deep infection of the primary reconstruction was observed. The overall rate of allograft survival was 70% at 5 years and 58% at 10 years in the distal femur, and 45% at 5 years and 20% at 10 years in the proximal tibia. At final follow-up, 8 patients still walked on the primary implant, 6 in the distal femur, and 2 in the proximal tibia. The functional outcome of these patients was evaluated as good in 5 patients (3 with distal femoral and 2 with proximal tibial allograft), and poor in 3. CONCLUSIONS Although mechanical complications significantly affect the outcome, osteoarticular allografts may represent a viable option for reconstruction in children older than 8 with high-grade sarcomas about the knee. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
Collapse
|
41
|
Kong CB, Lee SY, Jeon DG. Staged lengthening arthroplasty for pediatric osteosarcoma around the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010; 468:1660-8. [PMID: 19885713 PMCID: PMC2865622 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-009-1117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthopaedic oncologists often must address leg-length discrepancy after resection of tumors in growing patients with osteosarcoma. There are various alternatives to address this problem. We describe a three-stage procedure: (1) temporary arthrodesis, (2) lengthening by Ilizarov apparatus, and (3) tumor prosthesis. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked (1) to what extent are affected limbs actually lengthened; (2) how many of the patients who undergo a lengthening procedure eventually achieve joint arthroplasty; and (3) can the three-stage procedure give patients a functioning joint with equalization of limb length? PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed 56 patients (younger than 14 years) with osteosarcoma who had staged lengthening arthroplasty between 1991 and 2004. RESULTS Thirty-five of the 56 patients (63%) underwent soft tissue lengthening, and of these 35, 28 (50% of the original group of 56) had implantation of a mobile joint. Three of the 28 prostheses were later removed owing to infection after arthroplasty. The overall average length gained was 7.8 cm (range, 4-14 cm), and 25 (71%) of the 35 patients had a mobile joint at final followup. The average Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score was 23.2 (range, 15-28) and limb-length discrepancy at final followup was 2.6 cm (range, 0-6.5 cm). Although most mobile joints had an acceptable ROM (average, 74.2 degrees ; range, 35 degrees -110 degrees ), extension lag was frequent. CONCLUSIONS Our approach is one option for skeletally immature patients, especially in situations where an expandable prosthesis is not available. However, this technique requires multiple stages and would be inappropriate for patients who cannot accept prolonged functional deficit owing to a limited lifespan or other reasons. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Bae Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-706 Korea
| | - Soo-Yong Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-706 Korea
| | - Dae-Geun Jeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-706 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Su AW, Chen WM, Chen CF, Chen TH. Innovative trident fixation technique for allograft knee arthrodesis for high-grade osteosarcoma around the knee. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2009; 39:739-44. [PMID: 19773271 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyp108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reconstruction for osteosarcoma around the knee after wide resection faces the challenge of great bone defect and future limb length discrepancy in the skeletally immature patients. Modern prosthetic reconstruction may provide good results, but the longevity may be of concern and may not be affordable in certain communities. Allograft knee arthrodesis still has its role in light of bone stock preservation and cost-effectiveness. METHODS We developed the innovative trident fixation technique utilizing three Steinmann pins to minimize limb length inequality without jeopardizing knee fusion stability. Twelve patients were enrolled. The mean age was 11.5 (10-13) years. Two had high-grade osteosarcoma in proximal tibia and others in distal femur. RESULTS Two patients died of oncological disease. The median follow-up of the disease-free 10 patients was 47 (41-60) months. All allograft-host bone junctions healed uneventfully without major complications except one allograft fracture. The average limb length discrepancy was 1.45 (1.0-2.1) cm at latest follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This straightforward technique was successful in knee arthrodesis with minimized limb length inequality. Accordingly, in light of bone stock preservation and longevity for the young children, it may be a surgical alternative for malignant bone tumors around the knee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin W Su
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bielack S, Jürgens H, Jundt G, Kevric M, Kühne T, Reichardt P, Zoubek A, Werner M, Winkelmann W, Kotz R. Osteosarcoma: the COSS experience. Cancer Treat Res 2009; 152:289-308. [PMID: 20213397 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0284-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
COSS, the interdisciplinary Cooperative German-Austrian-Swiss Osteosarcoma Study Group, was founded in 1977 and has since registered some 3,500 bone sarcoma patients from over 200 institutions. For the purpose of the Pediatric and Adolescent Osteosarcoma Conference in Houston, March 2008, the outcomes of 2,464 consecutive patients with high-grade central osteosarcoma, who had been diagnosed between 1980 and 2005 and had been treated on neoadjuvant COSS protocols, were reviewed. Intended treatment had included surgery and multidrug chemotherapy, with high-dose methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and ifosfamide being used in most protocols. After a median follow-up of 7.31 years for 1,654 survivors, 5- and 10-year survival estimates were 0.748/0.695 for 2,017 patients with localized extremity tumors and 0.369/0.317 for 444 patients with axial tumors or/and primary metastases, respectively. Tumor response to preoperative chemotherapy was of independent prognostic significance. Over the years, there was a major shift from amputation towards limb-salvage. This development was least evident for patients below the age of 10. While survival expectancies improved from the first to the second half of the recruitment period, no further improvement was evident within the latter period. In the manuscript, the results described above are discussed based on the findings of the previous analyses of our group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bielack
- Pädiatrie 5 (Onkologie, Hämatologie,Immunologie), Klinikum Stuttgart, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin-Olgahospital, Bismarckstr. 8, D-70176, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Muscolo DL, Ayerza MA, Aponte-Tinao L, Farfalli G. Allograft reconstruction after sarcoma resection in children younger than 10 years old. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008; 466:1856-62. [PMID: 18506559 PMCID: PMC2584248 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-008-0303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Preservation of limb function in pediatric oncology patients is challenging with the ongoing growth of limbs contralateral to reconstructed limbs. We analyzed 22 patients younger than 10 years old who received an allograft after resection of a bone sarcoma with a minimum followup of 2 years (mean, 4 years; range, 2-14 years). The mean age was 7 years (range, 2-10 years). There were 16 boys and six girls with 17 osteosarcomas and five Ewing's sarcomas. Thirteen reconstructions were performed with an intercalary allograft and nine with an osteoarticular allograft. Physes were uninvolved in five patients and one physis in 17. We documented outcomes using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional and the International Society of Limb Salvage radiographic scoring systems. At last followup, three of the 22 patients died of their tumor, one was alive but with an amputation, and 18 retained their limbs. These 18 patients had an average functional score of 27 points and a mean radiographic score of 94%. Eight complications required a second surgery; in four, the allograft was removed (one infection, one local recurrence, two fractures) and in four, the allograft was preserved (two local recurrences, one fracture, one nonunion). We consider biologic reconstruction with allografts after sarcoma resection an appropriate reconstructive procedure in young children. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, therapeutic study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Luis Muscolo
- Institute of Orthopedics “Carlos E. Ottolenghi”, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Potosí 4215 (1199), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel A. Ayerza
- Institute of Orthopedics “Carlos E. Ottolenghi”, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Potosí 4215 (1199), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Aponte-Tinao
- Institute of Orthopedics “Carlos E. Ottolenghi”, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Potosí 4215 (1199), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - German Farfalli
- Institute of Orthopedics “Carlos E. Ottolenghi”, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Potosí 4215 (1199), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yoshida Y, Iwata S, Ueda T, Kawai A, Isu K, Ryu J. Current state of extendable prostheses for the lower limb in Japan. Surg Oncol 2008; 17:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2007.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
47
|
Dubrana F, Lecerf G, Nguyen-Khanh JP, Menard R, Ardouin L, Gibon Y, Pidhorz L, Falaise V, Coipeau P, Burdin P, Rouvillain JL, Navarre T, Garron E, Daoud W, Louboutin H, Moineau G, Wessely L, Stindel E, Debarge R, Lustig S, Lavoie F, Neyret P. Ostéotomie tibiale de valgisation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 94:S2-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rco.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
48
|
Bielack SS, Carrle D, Hardes J, Schuck A, Paulussen M. Bone tumors in adolescents and young adults. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2008; 9:67-80. [PMID: 18449804 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-008-0057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Bone tumors, particularly osteosarcomas and members of the Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors (ESFT), are typical malignancies of adolescents and young adults. Current diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for patients of all ages were developed in this specific age group. The aim of bone sarcoma therapy should be to cure the patient from both the primary tumor and all (micro-)metastatic deposits while maintaining as much (extremity) function and causing as few treatment-specific late effects as possible. Bone sarcoma therapy requires close multidisciplinary cooperation. Usually, it consists of induction chemotherapy, followed by local therapy of the primary tumor (and, if present, primary metastases) and further, adjuvant chemotherapy. Local treatment for osteosarcoma should be surgery whenever feasible. Surgery is also gaining importance in ESFT, which was long considered a domain of radiotherapy. Modern reconstructive techniques continue to expand the indications for limb salvage, particularly for patients who have not yet reached skeletal maturity. Treatment within the framework of prospective, multi-institutional trials should be considered standard of care not only for children, but also for affected adolescents and (young) adults. Such trials are essential in guaranteeing that all patients have access to appropriate care and that progress from biological studies can be translated into prognostic improvements without undue delay. The rarity of bone sarcomas increasingly requires trials to be multinational.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan S Bielack
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Pädiatrie 5 (Onkologie, Hämatologie, Immunologie), Klinikum Stuttgart, Olgahospital, Bismarckstr. 8, 70176, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
|