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Hussen BM, Najmadden ZB, Abdullah SR, Rasul MF, Mustafa SA, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing: a novel strategy for fighting drug resistance in respiratory disorders. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:329. [PMID: 38877530 PMCID: PMC11179281 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory disorders are among the conditions that affect the respiratory system. The healthcare sector faces challenges due to the emergence of drug resistance to prescribed medications for these illnesses. However, there is a technology called CRISPR/Cas9, which uses RNA to guide DNA targeting. This technology has revolutionized our ability to manipulate and visualize the genome, leading to advancements in research and treatment development. It can effectively reverse epigenetic alterations that contribute to drug resistance. Some studies focused on health have shown that targeting genes using CRISPR/Cas9 can be challenging when it comes to reducing drug resistance in patients with respiratory disorders. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge the limitations of this technology, such as off-target effects, immune system reactions to Cas9, and challenges associated with delivery methods. Despite these limitations, this review aims to provide knowledge about CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools and explore how they can help overcome resistance in patients with respiratory disorders. Additionally, this study discusses concerns related to applications of CRISPR and provides an overview of successful clinical trial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Zana Baqi Najmadden
- Research Center, University of Halabja, Halabja, 46018, Kurdistan region, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Tishk International University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Suhad A Mustafa
- General Directorate of Scientific Research Center, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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2
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Deneault E. Recent Therapeutic Gene Editing Applications to Genetic Disorders. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4147-4185. [PMID: 38785523 PMCID: PMC11119904 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed unprecedented progress in therapeutic gene editing, revolutionizing the approach to treating genetic disorders. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the progression of milestones leading to the emergence of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based technology as a powerful tool for precise and targeted modifications of the human genome. CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease, base editing, and prime editing have taken center stage, demonstrating remarkable precision and efficacy in targeted ex vivo and in vivo genomic modifications. Enhanced delivery systems, including viral vectors and nanoparticles, have further improved the efficiency and safety of therapeutic gene editing, advancing their clinical translatability. The exploration of CRISPR-Cas systems beyond the commonly used Cas9, such as the development of Cas12 and Cas13 variants, has expanded the repertoire of gene editing tools, enabling more intricate modifications and therapeutic interventions. Outstandingly, prime editing represents a significant leap forward, given its unparalleled versatility and minimization of off-target effects. These innovations have paved the way for therapeutic gene editing in a multitude of previously incurable genetic disorders, ranging from monogenic diseases to complex polygenic conditions. This review highlights the latest innovative studies in the field, emphasizing breakthrough technologies in preclinical and clinical trials, and their applications in the realm of precision medicine. However, challenges such as off-target effects and ethical considerations remain, necessitating continued research to refine safety profiles and ethical frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Deneault
- Regulatory Research Division, Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
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3
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Torella L, Klermund J, Bilbao-Arribas M, Tamayo I, Andrieux G, Chmielewski KO, Vales A, Olagüe C, Moreno-Luqui D, Raimondi I, Abad A, Torrens-Baile J, Salido E, Huarte M, Hernaez M, Boerries M, Cathomen T, Zabaleta N, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G. Efficient and safe therapeutic use of paired Cas9-nickases for primary hyperoxaluria type 1. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:112-131. [PMID: 38182795 PMCID: PMC10897483 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of adeno-associated viral vector (AAV)-mediated gene disruption using CRISPR-Cas9 is limited by potential off-target modifications and the risk of uncontrolled integration of vector genomes into CRISPR-mediated double-strand breaks. To address these concerns, we explored the use of AAV-delivered paired Staphylococcus aureus nickases (D10ASaCas9) to target the Hao1 gene for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1). Our study demonstrated effective Hao1 gene disruption, a significant decrease in glycolate oxidase expression, and a therapeutic effect in PH1 mice. The assessment of undesired genetic modifications through CIRCLE-seq and CAST-Seq analyses revealed neither off-target activity nor chromosomal translocations. Importantly, the use of paired-D10ASaCas9 resulted in a significant reduction in AAV integration at the target site compared to SaCas9 nuclease. In addition, our study highlights the limitations of current analytical tools in characterizing modifications introduced by paired D10ASaCas9, necessitating the development of a custom pipeline for more accurate characterization. These results describe a positive advance towards a safe and effective potential long-term treatment for PH1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Torella
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julia Klermund
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Bilbao-Arribas
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ibon Tamayo
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Bioinformatics Core, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kay O Chmielewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Africa Vales
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Olagüe
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Moreno-Luqui
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ivan Raimondi
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Abad
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Torrens-Baile
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad La Laguna, CIBERER, 38320, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Maite Huarte
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Hernaez
- IdISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Bioinformatics Core, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Nerea Zabaleta
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 02114, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Gloria Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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4
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Dettmer-Monaco V, Weißert K, Ammann S, Monaco G, Lei L, Gräßel L, Rhiel M, Rositzka J, Kaufmann MM, Geiger K, Andrieux G, Lao J, Thoulass G, Schell C, Boerries M, Illert AL, Cornu TI, Ehl S, Aichele P, Cathomen T. Gene editing of hematopoietic stem cells restores T-cell response in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:243-255.e14. [PMID: 37595758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory disorder characterized by a life-threatening cytokine storm and immunopathology. Familial HLH type 3 (FHL3) accounts for approximately 30% of all inborn HLH cases worldwide. It is caused by mutations in the UNC13D gene that result in impaired degranulation of cytotoxic vesicles and hence compromised T-cell- and natural killer-cell-mediated killing. Current treatment protocols, including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, still show high mortality. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop and evaluate a curative genome editing strategy in the preclinical FHL3 Jinx mouse model. Jinx mice harbor a cryptic splice donor site in Unc13d intron 26 and develop clinical symptoms of human FHL3 upon infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). METHODS We employed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas technology to delete the disease-causing mutation in HSCs and transplanted Unc13d-edited stem cells into busulfan-conditioned Jinx recipient mice. Safety studies included extensive genotyping and chromosomal aberrations analysis by single targeted linker-mediated PCR sequencing (CAST-Seq)-based off-target analyses. Cure from HLH predisposition was assessed by LCMV infection. RESULTS Hematopoietic cells isolated from transplanted mice revealed efficient gene editing (>95%), polyclonality of the T-cell receptor repertoire, and neither signs of off-target effects nor leukemogenesis. Unc13d transcription levels of edited and wild-type cells were comparable. While LCMV challenge resulted in acute HLH in Jinx mice transplanted with mock-edited HSCs, Jinx mice grafted with Unc13d-edited cells showed rapid virus clearance and protection from HLH. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that transplantation of CRISPR-Cas edited HSCs supports the development of a functional polyclonal T-cell response in the absence of genotoxicity-associated clonal outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Dettmer-Monaco
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Kristoffer Weißert
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Sandra Ammann
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Gianni Monaco
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Ph.D. Program, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Linda Gräßel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Freiburg & German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg
| | - Manuel Rhiel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Julia Rositzka
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Masako M Kaufmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Kerstin Geiger
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Ph.D. Program, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Jessica Lao
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Ph.D. Program, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Gudrun Thoulass
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Ph.D. Program, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Christoph Schell
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Melanie Boerries
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Freiburg & German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Anna L Illert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Freiburg & German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Tatjana I Cornu
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Peter Aichele
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg.
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5
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Sanchez-Baltasar R, Garcia-Torralba A, Nieto-Romero V, Page A, Molinos-Vicente A, López-Manzaneda S, Ojeda-Pérez I, Ramirez A, Navarro M, Segovia JC, García-Bravo M. Efficient and Fast Generation of Relevant Disease Mouse Models by In Vitro and In Vivo Gene Editing of Zygotes. CRISPR J 2022; 5:422-434. [PMID: 35686982 PMCID: PMC9233508 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2022.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout mice for human disease-causing genes provide valuable models in which new therapeutic approaches can be tested. Electroporation of genome editing tools into zygotes, in vitro or within oviducts, allows for the generation of targeted mutations in a shorter time. We have generated mouse models deficient in genes involved in metabolic rare diseases (Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1 Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency) or in a tumor suppressor gene (Rasa1). Pairs of guide RNAs were designed to generate controlled deletions that led to the absence of protein. In vitro or in vivo ribonucleoprotein (RNP) electroporation rendered more than 90% and 30% edited newborn animals, respectively. Mice lines with edited alleles were established and disease hallmarks have been verified in the three models that showed a high consistency of results and validating RNP electroporation into zygotes as an efficient technique for disease modeling without the need to outsource to external facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sanchez-Baltasar
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Garcia-Torralba
- Cell Technology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT/CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Nieto-Romero
- Cell Technology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT/CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angustias Page
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIEMAT/CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Molinos-Vicente
- Cell Technology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT/CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Manzaneda
- Epithelial Biomedicine Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carlos III University (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) U714, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Ojeda-Pérez
- Cell Technology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT/CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Ramirez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIEMAT/CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Navarro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular and Translational Oncology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIEMAT/CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Segovia
- Cell Technology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT/CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Bravo
- Cell Technology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT/CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Development and Characterization of a Factor V-Deficient CRISPR Cell Model for the Correction of Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105802. [PMID: 35628611 PMCID: PMC9148015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor V deficiency, an ultra-rare congenital coagulopathy, is characterized by bleeding episodes that may be more or less intense as a function of the levels of coagulation factor activity present in plasma. Fresh-frozen plasma, often used to treat patients with factor V deficiency, is a scarcely effective palliative therapy with no specificity to the disease. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, following precise deletion by non-homologous end-joining, has proven to be highly effective for modeling on a HepG2 cell line a mutation similar to the one detected in the factor V-deficient patient analyzed in this study, thus simulating the pathological phenotype. Additional CRISPR/Cas9-driven non-homologous end-joining precision deletion steps allowed correction of 41% of the factor V gene mutated cells, giving rise to a newly developed functional protein. Taking into account the plasma concentrations corresponding to the different levels of severity of factor V deficiency, it may be argued that the correction achieved in this study could, in ideal conditions, be sufficient to turn a severe phenotype into a mild or asymptomatic one.
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