1
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Pridham KJ, Hutchings KR, Beck P, Liu M, Xu E, Saechin E, Bui V, Patel C, Solis J, Huang L, Tegge A, Kelly DF, Sheng Z. Selective regulation of chemosensitivity in glioblastoma by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase beta. iScience 2024; 27:109921. [PMID: 38812542 PMCID: PMC11133927 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapies such as temozolomide is a major hurdle to effectively treat therapy-resistant glioblastoma. This challenge arises from the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which makes it an appealing therapeutic target. However, non-selectively blocking PI3K kinases PI3Kα/β/δ/γ has yielded undesired clinical outcomes. It is, therefore, imperative to investigate individual kinases in glioblastoma's chemosensitivity. Here, we report that PI3K kinases were unequally expressed in glioblastoma, with levels of PI3Kβ being the highest. Patients deficient of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) and expressing elevated levels of PI3Kβ, defined as MGMT-deficient/PI3Kβ-high, were less responsive to temozolomide and experienced poor prognosis. Consistently, MGMT-deficient/PI3Kβ-high glioblastoma cells were resistant to temozolomide. Perturbation of PI3Kβ, but not other kinases, sensitized MGMT-deficient/PI3Kβ-high glioblastoma cells or tumors to temozolomide. Moreover, PI3Kβ-selective inhibitors and temozolomide synergistically mitigated the growth of glioblastoma stem cells. Our results have demonstrated an essential role of PI3Kβ in chemoresistance, making PI3Kβ-selective blockade an effective chemosensitizer for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Pridham
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Kasen R. Hutchings
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Patrick Beck
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Eileen Xu
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Erin Saechin
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Vincent Bui
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Chinkal Patel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Jamie Solis
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Leah Huang
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Allison Tegge
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Deborah F. Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zhi Sheng
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Faculty of Health Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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2
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Chauhan M, Sonali, Shekhar S, Yadav B, Garg V, Dutt R, Mehata AK, Goswami P, Koch B, Muthu MS, Singh RP. AS1411 aptamer/RGD dual functionalized theranostic chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles for brain cancer treatment and imaging. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 160:213833. [PMID: 38564997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy and poor targeted delivery in brain cancer resulting to poor treatment and develop resistance to anticancer drugs. Meanwhile, it is quite challenging to diagnose/detection of brain tumor at early stage of cancer which resulting in severity of the disease. Despite extensive research, effective treatment with real-time imaging still remains completely unavailable, yet. In this study, two brain cancer cell specific moieties i.e., AS1411 aptamer and RGD are decorated on the surface of chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles to improve targeted co-delivery of docetaxel (DTX) and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) for effective brain tumor therapy and real-time imaging. The nanoparticles were developed by a slightly modified emulsion/solvent evaporation method. This investigation also translates the successful synthesis of TPGS-chitosan, TPGS-RGD and TPGS-AS1411 aptamer conjugates for making PLGA nanoparticle as a potential tool of the targeted co-delivery of DTX and UCNP to the brain cancer cells. The developed nanoparticles have shown an average particle size <200 nm, spherical in shape, high encapsulation of DTX and UCNP in the core of nanoparticles, and sustained release of DTX up to 72 h in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4). AS1411 aptamer and RGD functionalized theranostic chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles containing DTX and UCNP (DUCPN-RGD-AS1411) have achieved greater cellular uptake, 89-fold improved cytotoxicity, enhanced cancer cell arrest even at lower drug conc., improved bioavailability with higher mean residence time of DTX in systemic circulation and brain tissues. Moreover, DUCPN-RGD-AS1411 have greatly facilitated cellular internalization and higher accumulation of UCNP in brain tissues. Additionally, DUCPN-RGD-AS1411 demonstrated a significant suppression in tumor growth in brain-tumor bearing xenograft BALB/c nude mice with no impressive sign of toxicities. DUCPN-RGD-AS1411 has great potential to be utilized as an effective and safe theranostic tool for brain cancer and other life-threatening cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, India
| | - Sonali
- Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, GTB Enclave, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Saurabh Shekhar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, India
| | - Bhavna Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, India
| | - Vandana Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Rohit Dutt
- Gandhi Memorial National College, Ambala Cantt, Haryana 133001, India
| | - Abhishesh Kumar Mehata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pooja Goswami
- Genotoxicology and Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Biplob Koch
- Genotoxicology and Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Madaswamy S Muthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rahul Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, India.
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3
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Chen J, Liu Z, Fang H, Su Q, Fan Y, Song L, He S. Therapeutic efficacy of a novel self-assembled immunostimulatory siRNA combining apoptosis promotion with RIG-I activation in gliomas. J Transl Med 2024; 22:395. [PMID: 38685028 PMCID: PMC11057130 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current cancer therapies often fall short in addressing the complexities of malignancies, underscoring the urgent need for innovative treatment strategies. RNA interference technology, which specifically suppresses gene expression, offers a promising new approach in the fight against tumors. Recent studies have identified a novel immunostimulatory small-interfering RNA (siRNA) with a unique sequence (sense strand, 5'-C; antisense strand, 3'-GGG) capable of activating the RIG-I/IRF3 signaling pathway. This activation induces the release of type I and III interferons, leading to an effective antiviral immune response. However, this class of immunostimulatory siRNA has not yet been explored in cancer therapy. METHODS IsiBCL-2, an innovative immunostimulatory siRNA designed to suppress the levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), contains a distinctive motif (sense strand, 5'-C; antisense strand, 3'-GGG). Glioblastoma cells were subjected to 100 nM isiBCL-2 treatment in vitro for 48 h. Morphological changes, cell viability (CCK-8 assay), proliferation (colony formation assay), migration/invasion (scratch test and Transwell assay), apoptosis rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to assess RIG-I and MHC-I molecule levels, and ELISA was utilized to measure the levels of cytokines (IFN-β and CXCL10). In vivo heterogeneous tumor models were established, and the anti-tumor effect of isiBCL-2 was confirmed through intratumoral injection. RESULTS IsiBCL-2 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on glioblastoma cell growth and induced apoptosis. BCL-2 mRNA levels were significantly decreased by 67.52%. IsiBCL-2 treatment resulted in an apoptotic rate of approximately 51.96%, accompanied by a 71.76% reduction in MMP and a 41.87% increase in ROS accumulation. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated increased levels of RIG-I, MAVS, and MHC-I following isiBCL-2 treatment. ELISA tests indicated a significant increase in IFN-β and CXCL10 levels. In vivo studies using nude mice confirmed that isiBCL-2 effectively impeded the growth and progression of glioblastoma tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study introduces an innovative method to induce innate signaling by incorporating an immunostimulatory sequence (sense strand, 5'-C; antisense strand, 3'-GGG) into siRNA, resulting in the formation of RNA dimers through Hoogsteen base-pairing. This activation triggers the RIG-I signaling pathway in tumor cells, causing further damage and inducing a potent immune response. This inventive design and application of immunostimulatory siRNA offer a novel perspective on tumor immunotherapy, holding significant implications for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiting Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiqi Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Luyao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
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4
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Broc B, Varini K, Sonnette R, Pecqueux B, Benoist F, Masse M, Mechioukhi Y, Ferracci G, Temsamani J, Khrestchatisky M, Jacquot G, Lécorché P. LDLR-Mediated Targeting and Productive Uptake of siRNA-Peptide Ligand Conjugates In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:548. [PMID: 38675209 PMCID: PMC11054735 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Small RNA molecules such as microRNA and small interfering RNA (siRNA) have become promising therapeutic agents because of their specificity and their potential to modulate gene expression. Any gene of interest can be potentially up- or down-regulated, making RNA-based technology the healthcare breakthrough of our era. However, the functional and specific delivery of siRNAs into tissues of interest and into the cytosol of target cells remains highly challenging, mainly due to the lack of efficient and selective delivery systems. Among the variety of carriers for siRNA delivery, peptides have become essential candidates because of their high selectivity, stability, and conjugation versatility. Here, we describe the development of molecules encompassing siRNAs against SOD1, conjugated to peptides that target the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and their biological evaluation both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Broc
- Vect-Horus S.A.S, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales Secteur Timone, 13385 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Karine Varini
- Vect-Horus S.A.S, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales Secteur Timone, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Rose Sonnette
- Vect-Horus S.A.S, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales Secteur Timone, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Belinda Pecqueux
- Vect-Horus S.A.S, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales Secteur Timone, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Florian Benoist
- Vect-Horus S.A.S, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales Secteur Timone, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Masse
- Vect-Horus S.A.S, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales Secteur Timone, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Yasmine Mechioukhi
- Vect-Horus S.A.S, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales Secteur Timone, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Géraldine Ferracci
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jamal Temsamani
- Vect-Horus S.A.S, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales Secteur Timone, 13385 Marseille, France
| | | | - Guillaume Jacquot
- Vect-Horus S.A.S, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales Secteur Timone, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Pascaline Lécorché
- Vect-Horus S.A.S, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales Secteur Timone, 13385 Marseille, France
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5
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Hoogenboezem EN, Patel SS, Lo JH, Cavnar AB, Babb LM, Francini N, Gbur EF, Patil P, Colazo JM, Michell DL, Sanchez VM, McCune JT, Ma J, DeJulius CR, Lee LH, Rosch JC, Allen RM, Stokes LD, Hill JL, Vickers KC, Cook RS, Duvall CL. Structural optimization of siRNA conjugates for albumin binding achieves effective MCL1-directed cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1581. [PMID: 38383524 PMCID: PMC10881965 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The high potential of siRNAs to silence oncogenic drivers remains largely untapped due to the challenges of tumor cell delivery. Here, divalent lipid-conjugated siRNAs are optimized for in situ binding to albumin to improve pharmacokinetics and tumor delivery. Systematic variation of the siRNA conjugate structure reveals that the location of the linker branching site dictates tendency toward albumin association versus self-assembly, while the lipid hydrophobicity and reversibility of albumin binding also contribute to siRNA intracellular delivery. The lead structure increases tumor siRNA accumulation 12-fold in orthotopic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors over the parent siRNA. This structure achieves approximately 80% silencing of the anti-apoptotic oncogene MCL1 and yields better survival outcomes in three TNBC models than an MCL-1 small molecule inhibitor. These studies provide new structure-function insights on siRNA-lipid conjugate structures that are intravenously injected, associate in situ with serum albumin, and improve pharmacokinetics and tumor treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella N Hoogenboezem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shrusti S Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin H Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ashley B Cavnar
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren M Babb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nora Francini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eva F Gbur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Prarthana Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Juan M Colazo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danielle L Michell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Violeta M Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua T McCune
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jinqi Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carlisle R DeJulius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Linus H Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonah C Rosch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Larry D Stokes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jordan L Hill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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6
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Chernikov IV, Ponomareva UA, Meschaninova MI, Bachkova IK, Vlassov VV, Zenkova MA, Chernolovskaya EL. Cholesterol Conjugates of Small Interfering RNA: Linkers and Patterns of Modification. Molecules 2024; 29:786. [PMID: 38398538 PMCID: PMC10892548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol siRNA conjugates attract attention because they allow the delivery of siRNA into cells without the use of transfection agents. In this study, we compared the efficacy and duration of silencing induced by cholesterol conjugates of selectively and totally modified siRNAs and their heteroduplexes of the same sequence and explored the impact of linker length between the 3' end of the sense strand of siRNA and cholesterol on the silencing activity of "light" and "heavy" modified siRNAs. All 3'-cholesterol conjugates were equally active under transfection, but the conjugate with a C3 linker was less active than those with longer linkers (C8 and C15) in a carrier-free mode. At the same time, they were significantly inferior in activity to the 5'-cholesterol conjugate. Shortening the sense strand carrying cholesterol by two nucleotides from the 3'-end did not have a significant effect on the activity of the conjugate. Replacing the antisense strand or both strands with fully modified ones had a significant effect on silencing as well as improving the duration in transfection-mediated and carrier-free modes. A significant 78% suppression of MDR1 gene expression in KB-8-5 xenograft tumors developed in mice promises an advantage from the use of fully modified siRNA cholesterol conjugates in combination chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Chernikov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academic Lavrentiev Avenue 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ul'yana A Ponomareva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academic Lavrentiev Avenue 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mariya I Meschaninova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academic Lavrentiev Avenue 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina K Bachkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academic Lavrentiev Avenue 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentin V Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academic Lavrentiev Avenue 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina A Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academic Lavrentiev Avenue 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena L Chernolovskaya
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academic Lavrentiev Avenue 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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7
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Dain L, Zhu G. Nucleic acid immunotherapeutics and vaccines: A promising approach to glioblastoma multiforme treatment. Int J Pharm 2023; 638:122924. [PMID: 37037396 PMCID: PMC10194422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly and difficult to treat primary brain tumor for which satisfactory therapeutics have yet to be discovered. While cancer immunotherapeutics, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, have successfully improved the treatment of some other types of cancer, the poorly immunogenic GBM tumor cells and the immunosuppressive GBM tumor microenvironment have made it difficult to develop GBM immunotherapeutics. Nucleic acids therapeutics and vaccines, particularly those of mRNA, have become a popular field of research in recent years. This review presents the progress of nucleic acid therapeutics and vaccines for GBM and briefly covers some representative delivery methods of nucleic acids to the central nervous system (CNS) for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Dain
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy; The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy; The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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8
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Hoogenboezem EN, Patel SS, Cavnar AB, Lo JH, Babb LM, Francini N, Patil P, Colazo JM, Michell DL, Sanchez VM, McCune JT, Ma J, DeJulius CR, Lee LH, Rosch JC, Allen RM, Stokes LD, Hill JL, Vickers KC, Cook RS, Duvall CL. Structural Optimization of siRNA Conjugates for Albumin Binding Achieves Effective MCL1-Targeted Cancer Therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.14.528574. [PMID: 36824780 PMCID: PMC9948981 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.528574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The high potential for therapeutic application of siRNAs to silence traditionally undruggable oncogenic drivers remains largely untapped due to the challenges of tumor cell delivery. Here, siRNAs were optimized for in situ binding to albumin through C18 lipid modifications to improve pharmacokinetics and tumor delivery. Systematic variation of siRNA conjugates revealed a lead structure with divalent C18 lipids each linked through three repeats of hexaethylene glycol connected by phosphorothioate bonds. Importantly, we discovered that locating the branch site of the divalent lipid structure proximally (adjacent to the RNA) rather than at a more distal site (after the linker segment) promotes association with albumin, while minimizing self-assembly and lipoprotein association. Comparison to higher albumin affinity (diacid) lipid variants and siRNA directly conjugated to albumin underscored the importance of conjugate hydrophobicity and reversibility of albumin binding for siRNA delivery and bioactivity in tumors. The lead conjugate increased tumor siRNA accumulation 12-fold in orthotopic mouse models of triple negative breast cancer over the parent siRNA. When applied for silencing of the anti-apoptotic oncogene MCL-1, this structure achieved approximately 80% MCL1 silencing in orthotopic breast tumors. Furthermore, application of the lead conjugate structure to target MCL1 yielded better survival outcomes in three independent, orthotopic, triple negative breast cancer models than an MCL1 small molecule inhibitor. These studies provide new structure-function insights on optimally leveraging siRNA-lipid conjugate structures that associate in situ with plasma albumin for molecular-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shrusti S. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Ashley B. Cavnar
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Justin H. Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Lauren M. Babb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Nora Francini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Prarthana Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Juan M. Colazo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Violeta M. Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Joshua T. McCune
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jinqi Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Jonah C. Rosch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Ryan M. Allen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Larry D. Stokes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jordan L. Hill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Kasey C. Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Rebecca S. Cook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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9
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Nucleic acid drug vectors for diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:39. [PMID: 36650130 PMCID: PMC9844208 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid drugs have the advantages of rich target selection, simple in design, good and enduring effect. They have been demonstrated to have irreplaceable superiority in brain disease treatment, while vectors are a decisive factor in therapeutic efficacy. Strict physiological barriers, such as degradation and clearance in circulation, blood-brain barrier, cellular uptake, endosome/lysosome barriers, release, obstruct the delivery of nucleic acid drugs to the brain by the vectors. Nucleic acid drugs against a single target are inefficient in treating brain diseases of complex pathogenesis. Differences between individual patients lead to severe uncertainties in brain disease treatment with nucleic acid drugs. In this Review, we briefly summarize the classification of nucleic acid drugs. Next, we discuss physiological barriers during drug delivery and universal coping strategies and introduce the application methods of these universal strategies to nucleic acid drug vectors. Subsequently, we explore nucleic acid drug-based multidrug regimens for the combination treatment of brain diseases and the construction of the corresponding vectors. In the following, we address the feasibility of patient stratification and personalized therapy through diagnostic information from medical imaging and the manner of introducing contrast agents into vectors. Finally, we take a perspective on the future feasibility and remaining challenges of vector-based integrated diagnosis and gene therapy for brain diseases.
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Internalisation of RGD-Engineered Extracellular Vesicles by Glioblastoma Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101483. [PMID: 36290387 PMCID: PMC9598886 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and malignant type of central nervous system (CNS) tumour. Although several treatment options are available, patients generally succumb within 14 months after diagnosis. With the rapid progression of exosome bioengineering technologies, novel therapy opportunities are emerging for GBM treatment. The surface of GBM cells is characterised by the overexpression of transmembrane receptor integrins, which are essential for cell interactions with several proteins in the extracellular matrix. Therefore, integrin-binding drug delivery vehicles have been proposed as a potential strategy for glioblastoma therapy. Small extracellular vesicles possess several attractive characteristics for drug delivery: small size, biocompatibility, ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and capacity to be loaded with exogenous materials. Current bioengineering technologies further increase extracellular vesicle capabilities by loading them with anticancer drugs and incorporating targeting ligands. This study explored the capacity of Arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD, or Arginine–Glycine–Aspartate)-polypeptide-engineered extracellular vesicles to internalise and deliver loaded cargo in GBM cells. The results demonstrate that introducing the RGD ligand to extracellular vesicles could significantly increase their internalisation by GBM cells and hence improve drug delivery efficacy. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive CNS tumour with no efficient treatment, partly due to the retention of anticancer drugs by the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and their insufficient concentration in tumour cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are attractive drug carriers because of their biocompatibility and ability to cross the BBB. Additional efficiency can be achieved by adding GBM-cell-specific ligands. GBM cells overexpress integrins; thus, one of the most straightforward targeting strategies is to modify EVs with integrin-recognising molecules. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of genetically engineered EVs with elevated membrane levels of the integrin-binding peptide RGD (RGD-EVs) against GBM cells in vitro. For RGD-EV production, stable RGD-HEK 293FT cells were generated by using a pcDNA4/TO-Lamp2b-iRGD-HA expression vector and performing antibiotic-based selection. RGD-EVs were isolated from RGD-HEK 293FT-cell-conditioned medium and characterised by size (Zetasizer), specific markers (ELISA) and RGD expression (Western Blot). Internalisation by human GBM cells HROG36 and U87 MG and BJ-5ta human fibroblasts was assessed by fluorescent EV RNA labelling. The effect of doxorubicin-loaded RGD-EVs on GBM cells was evaluated by the metabolic PrestoBlue viability assay; functional GAPDH gene knockdown by RGD-EV-encapsulated siRNA was determined by RT-qPCR. RGD-EVs had 40% higher accumulation in GBM cells (but not in fibroblasts) and induced significantly stronger toxicity by loaded doxorubicin and GAPDH silencing by loaded siRNA compared to unmodified EVs. Thus, RGD modification substantially increases the specific delivery capacity of HEK 293FT-derived EVs to GBM cells.
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Wu Y, Chau H, Yeung Y, Thor W, Kai H, Chan W, Wong K. Versatile Synthesis of Multivalent Porphyrin–Peptide Conjugates by Direct Porphyrin Construction on Resin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207532. [PMID: 35730925 PMCID: PMC9543522 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional porphyrin–peptide conjugates with different propensities for self‐assembly into various supramolecular nanoarchitectures play important roles in advanced materials and biomedical research. However, preparing prefunctionalized core porphyrins by traditional low‐yielding statistical synthesis and purifying them after peptide ligation through many rounds of HPLC purification is tedious and unsustainable. Herein, we report a novel integrated solid‐phase synthetic protocol for the construction of porphyrin moieties from simple aldehydes and dipyrromethanes on resin‐bound peptides directly to form mono‐, cis/trans‐di‐, and trivalent porphyrin–peptide conjugates in a highly efficient and controllable manner; moreover, only single final‐stage HPLC purification of the products is needed. This efficient strategy enables the rapid, greener, and substrate‐controlled diversity‐oriented synthesis of multivalent porphyrin–(long) peptide conjugate libraries for multifarious biological and materials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Rd Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ho‐Fai Chau
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Rd Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yik‐Hoi Yeung
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Rd Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Waygen Thor
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Rd Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hei‐Yui Kai
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Rd Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wai‐Lun Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ka‐Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Rd Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
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12
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Zhang Z, Conniot J, Amorim J, Jin Y, Prasad R, Yan X, Fan K, Conde J. Nucleic acid-based therapy for brain cancer: Challenges and strategies. J Control Release 2022; 350:80-92. [PMID: 35970297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapy emerges as a powerful weapon for the treatment of tumors thanks to its direct, effective, and lasting therapeutic effect. Encouragingly, continuous nucleic acid-based drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Despite the tremendous progress, there are few nucleic acid-based drugs for brain tumors in clinic. The most challenging problems lie on the instability of nucleic acids, difficulty in traversing the biological barriers, and the off-target effect. Herein, nucleic acid-based therapy for brain tumor is summarized considering three aspects: (i) the therapeutic nucleic acids and their applications in clinical trials; (ii) the various administration routes for nucleic acid delivery and the respective advantages and drawbacks. (iii) the strategies and carriers for improving stability and targeting ability of nucleic acid drugs. This review provides thorough knowledge for the rational design of nucleic acid-based drugs against brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixia Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
| | - João Conniot
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Amorim
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yiliang Jin
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China; Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China; Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - João Conde
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Paul A, Muralidharan A, Biswas A, Venkatesh Kamath B, Joseph A, Alex AT. siRNA Therapeutics and its Challenges: Recent Advances in Effective Delivery for Cancer Therapy. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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14
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Wu Y, Chau HF, Yeung YH, Thor W, Kai HY, Chan WL, Wong KL. Versatile Synthesis of Multivalent Porphyrin–Peptide Conjugates by Direct Porphyrin Construction on Resin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry 224 Waterloo Rd 000000 Kowloon Tong HONG KONG
| | - Ho-Fai Chau
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry 224 Waterloo Rd Kowloon Tong HONG KONG
| | - Yik-Hoi Yeung
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry 224 Waterloo Rd 000000 Kowloon Tong HONG KONG
| | - Waygen Thor
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry 224 Waterloo Rd 000000 Kowloon Tong HONG KONG
| | - Hei-Yui Kai
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry 224 Waterloo Rd 000000 Kowloon Tong HONG KONG
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology 11 Yuk Choi Rd 000000 Hung Hom HONG KONG
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry Kowloon Tong Nil Hong Kong HONG KONG
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Zhou Z, Bai J, Zhong S, Zhang R, Kang K, Zhang X, Xu Y, Zhao C, Zhao M. Downregulation of PIK3CB Involved in Alzheimer's Disease via Apoptosis, Axon Guidance, and FoxO Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1260161. [PMID: 35096262 PMCID: PMC8794666 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1260161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular function of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta (PIK3CB) underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS RNA sequencing data were used to filtrate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AD/nondementia control and PIK3CB-low/high groups. An unbiased coexpression network was established to evaluate module-trait relationships by using weight gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Global regulatory network was constructed to predict the protein-protein interaction. Further cross-talking pathways of PIK3CB were identified by functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS The mean expression of PIK3CB in AD patients was significantly lower than those in nondementia controls. We identified 2,385 DEGs from 16,790 background genes in AD/control and PIK3CB-low/high groups. Five coexpression modules were established using WGCNA, which participated in apoptosis, axon guidance, long-term potentiation (LTP), regulation of actin cytoskeleton, synaptic vesicle cycle, FoxO, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathways. DEGs with strong relation to AD and low PIK3CB expression were extracted to construct a global regulatory network, in which cross-talking pathways of PIK3CB were identified, such as apoptosis, axon guidance, and FoxO signaling pathway. The occurrence of AD could be accurately predicted by low PIK3CB based on the area under the curve of 71.7%. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight downregulated PIK3CB as a potential causative factor of AD, possibly mediated via apoptosis, axon guidance, and FoxO signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Bai
- Cancer Systems Biology Center, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning, China
| | - Rongwei Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning, China
| | - Kexin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Cancer Systems Biology Center, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin, China
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, The University of Georgia, USA
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning, China
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Bakowski K, Vogel S. Evolution of complexity in non-viral oligonucleotide delivery systems: from gymnotic delivery through bioconjugates to biomimetic nanoparticles. RNA Biol 2022; 19:1256-1275. [PMID: 36411594 PMCID: PMC9683052 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2147278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
From the early days of research on RNA biology and biochemistry, there was an interest to utilize this knowledge and RNA itself for therapeutic applications. Today, we have a series of oligonucleotide therapeutics on the market and many more in clinical trials. These drugs - exploit different chemistries of oligonucleotides, such as modified DNAs and RNAs, peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) or phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs), and different mechanisms of action, such as RNA interference (RNAi), targeted RNA degradation, splicing modulation, gene expression and modification. Despite major successes e.g. mRNA vaccines developed against SARS-CoV-2 to control COVID-19 pandemic, development of therapies for other diseases is still limited by inefficient delivery of oligonucleotides to specific tissues and organs and often prohibitive costs for the final drug. This is even more critical when targeting multifactorial disorders and patient-specific biological variations. In this review, we will present the evolution of complexity of oligonucleotide delivery methods with focus on increasing complexity of formulations from gymnotic delivery to bioconjugates and to lipid nanoparticles in respect to developments that will enable application of therapeutic oligonucleotides as drugs in personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Bakowski
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefan Vogel
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,CONTACT Stefan Vogel Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230Odense, Denmark
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Vincristine-doxorubicin co-loaded artificial low-density lipoproteins towards solid tumours. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113802. [PMID: 34543934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To construct an artificial low-density lipoprotein (aLDL) that highly mimics low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in vivo, and deliver vincristine (VCR) - doxorubicin (DOX) simultaneously, the 100 nm and 35 nm DOX-VCR-aLDLs (DV-aLDLs) were constructed, then the physicochemical characteristics were evaluated. Through in vitro inverse gravity diffusion experiment, the tumour cake and sphere model experiment, draw a conclusion that the diffusion of 35 nm DV-aLDLs was stronger than 100 nm DV-aLDLs, and the tumour retention of 35 nm DV-aLDLs was better than the DV-solution. In addition, the three-dimension (3D) in vivo distribution imaging of aLDLs was performed on HepG-2 tumour-bearing nude mice, followed by the biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy on these xenograft models. Taking advantage of better diffusion capacity in tumour tissue, as well as the synergistic effect of VCR and DOX, the 35 nm DV-aLDL had the strongest efficacy and the lowest toxicity. High entrapment efficiency and stability, both active and passive targeting, making aLDL a potential carrier for tumour-targeted therapy at the same time.
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Zhou X, Pan Y, Yu L, Wu J, Li Z, Li H, Guan Z, Tang X, Yang Z. Feasibility of cRGD conjugation at 5'-antisense strand of siRNA by phosphodiester linkage extension. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:603-612. [PMID: 34589281 PMCID: PMC8463321 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are widely studied for their highly specific gene silencing activity. However, obstacles remain to the clinical application of siRNAs. Attaching conjugates to siRNAs can improve their stability and broaden their application, and most functional conjugates of siRNAs locate at the 3'-terminus of the sense or antisense strand. In this work, we found that conjugating a group at the 5'-terminus of the antisense strand via phosphodiester was practicable, especially when the group was a flexible moiety such as an alkyl linker. When conjugating a bulky ligand, such as cRGD, the length of the 5'-phosphodiester linker between the ligand and the 5'-terminus of the antisense strand was the key in terms of RNA interference (RNAi). With a relative longer linker, the conjugates showed potency similar to siRNA. A highly efficient transfection system composed of a neutral cytidinyl lipid (DNCA) and a gemini-like cationic lipid (CLD) was employed to deliver siRNAs or their conjugates. The cRGD conjugates showed superior targeting delivery and antitumor efficacy in vivo and also selective cellular uptake in vitro. This unity of encapsulation and conjugation strategy may provide potential strategies for siRNA-based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yufei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lijia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, NHC, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huantong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhu Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinjing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Guo S, Li K, Hu B, Li C, Zhang M, Hussain A, Wang X, Cheng Q, Yang F, Ge K, Zhang J, Chang J, Liang X, Weng Y, Huang Y. Membrane-destabilizing ionizable lipid empowered imaging-guided siRNA delivery and cancer treatment. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2021; 1:35-49. [PMID: 37366466 PMCID: PMC10291568 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the imperative medical requirements for cancer treatment is how to establish an imaging-guided nanocarrier that combines therapeutic and imaging agents into one system. siRNA therapeutics have shown promising prospects in controlling life-threatening diseases. However, it is still challenging to develop siRNA formulations with excellent cellular entry capability, efficient endosomal escape, and simultaneous visualization. Herein, we fabricated multifunctional ionizable lipid nanoparticles (iLNPs) for targeted delivery of siRNA and MRI contrast agent. The iLNPs comprises DSPC, cholesterol, PEGylated lipid, contrast agent DTPA-BSA (Gd), and ionizable lipid termed iBL0104. siRNA-loaded iLNPs (iLNPs/siRNA) could be decorated with a tumor targeting cyclic peptide (c(GRGDSPKC)) (termed GARP), or without targeting modification (termed GAP). Data revealed that GARP/siRNA iLNPs exhibited significantly higher cellular entry efficiency than GAP/siRNA iLNPs. GARP/siRNA iLNPs rapidly and effectively escaped from endosome and lysosome after internalization. Compared with GAP/siPLK1, GARP/siPLK1 exhibited better tumor inhibition efficacy in both cell-line derived xenograft and liver cancer patient derived xenograft murine models. In addition, GARP formulation displayed ideal MRI effect in tumor-bearing mice, and was well tolerated by testing animals. Therefore, this study provides an excellent example for achieving imaging-guided and tumor-targeted siRNA delivery and cancer treatment, highlighting its promising potential for translational medicine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Institute of Engineering MedicineBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingP. R. China
| | - Kun Li
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Institute of Engineering MedicineBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingP. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Institute of Engineering MedicineBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingP. R. China
| | - Chunhui Li
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Institute of Engineering MedicineBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingP. R. China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Institute of Engineering MedicineBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingP. R. China
| | - Abid Hussain
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Institute of Engineering MedicineBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingP. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of BiochemistrySimmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Feng Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of EducationHebei UniversityBaodingP. R. China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of EducationHebei UniversityBaodingP. R. China
| | - Jin Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro Nano Biomaterials and Detection Treatment TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin UniversityTianjinP. R. China
| | - Xing‐Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yuhua Weng
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Institute of Engineering MedicineBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Institute of Engineering MedicineBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingP. R. China
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Liao L, Cen B, Li G, Wei Y, Wang Z, Huang W, He S, Yuan Y, Ji A. A bivalent cyclic RGD-siRNA conjugate enhances the antitumor effect of apatinib via co-inhibiting VEGFR2 in non-small cell lung cancer xenografts. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1432-1442. [PMID: 34236267 PMCID: PMC8274511 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1937381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is considered to be a pivotal target for anti-tumor therapy against angiogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, effective and low-toxicity targeted therapies to inhibit VEGFR2 are still lacking. Here, biRGD–siVEGFR2 conjugate comprising murine VEGFR2 siRNA and [cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys)-Ahx]2-Glu-PEG-MAL (biRGD) peptide which selectively binds to integrin αvβ3 receptors expressing on neovascularization endothelial cell was synthesized. The anti-tumor activity and renal toxicity of biRGD–siVEGFR2 or its combination therapy with low-dose apatinib were investigated on NSCLC xenografts. The immunogenicity of biRGD–siVEGFR2 was also evaluated in C57BL/6J mice. In vivo, intravenously injected biRGD–siVEGFR2 substantially inhibited NSCLC growth with a marked reduction of vessels and a down-regulation of VEGFR2 in tumor tissue. Furthermore, biRGD–siVEGFR2 in combination with low-dose apatinib achieved powerful anti-tumor effect with less nephrotoxicity compared with the regular dose of apatinib. Besides, no obvious immunogenicity of biRGD–siVEGFR2 was found. These findings demonstrate that biRGD–siVEGFR2 conjugate can be used as a new candidate for the treatment of NSCLC and its combination therapy with apatinib may also provide a novel strategy for cancer treatment in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Bohong Cen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoxian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyi Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Aimin Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
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21
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Tian J, Zhu Y, Rao M, Cai Y, Lu Z, Zou D, Peng X, Ying P, Zhang M, Niu S, Li Y, Zhong R, Chang J, Miao X. N 6-methyladenosine mRNA methylation of PIK3CB regulates AKT signalling to promote PTEN-deficient pancreatic cancer progression. Gut 2020; 69:2180-2192. [PMID: 32312789 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Thus far, most drugs have failed to significantly improve patient survival. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays an important role in the progression of PDAC, but its aberrant regulation driven by germline variants in human diseases remains unclear. DESIGN We first performed an exome-wide association analysis in 518 PDAC patients with overall survival and replicated in an independent population containing 552 PDAC patients. Then, a series of biochemical experiments in vitro and in vivo were conducted to investigate potential mechanisms of the candidate variant and its target gene PIK3CB underlying the PDAC progression. Moreover, the PIK3CB-selective inhibitor KIN-193 was used to block PDAC tumour growth. RESULTS We identified a missense variant rs142933486 in PIK3CB that is significantly associated with the overall survival of PDAC by reducing the PIK3CB m6A level, which facilitated its mRNA and protein expression levels mediated by the m6A 'writer' complex (METTL13/METTL14/WTAP) and the m6A 'reader' YTHDF2. The upregulation of PIK3CB is widely found in PDAC tumour tissues and significantly correlated with the poor prognosis of PDAC, especially in PTEN-deficient patients. We further demonstrated that PIK3CB overexpression substantially enhanced the proliferation and migration abilities of PTEN-deficient PDAC cells and activated AKT signalling pathway. Remarkably, KIN-193, a PIK3CB-selective inhibitor, is shown to serve as an effective anticancer agent for blocking PTEN-deficient PDAC. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate aberrant m6A homoeostasis as an oncogenic mechanism in PDAC and highlight the potential of PIK3CB as a therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Rao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Zequn Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Danyi Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiating Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingting Ying
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
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22
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Cell-penetrating peptides in oncologic pharmacotherapy: A review. Pharmacol Res 2020; 162:105231. [PMID: 33027717 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and its treatment is extremely challenging, mainly due to its complexity. Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) are peptides that can transport into the cell a wide variety of biologically active conjugates (or cargoes), and are, therefore, promising in the treatment and in the diagnosis of several types of cancer. Some notable examples are TAT and Penetratin, capable of penetrating the central nervous system (CNS) and, therefore, acting in cancers of this system, such as Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). These above-mentioned peptides, conjugated with traditional chemotherapeutic such as Doxorubicin (DOX) and Paclitaxel (PTX), have also been shown to induce apoptosis of breast and liver cancer cells, as well as in lung cancer cells, respectively. In other cancers, such as esophageal cancer, the attachment of Magainin 2 (MG2) to Bombesin (MG2B), another CPP, led to pronounced anticancer effects. Other examples are CopA3, that selectively decreased the viability of gastric cancer cells, and the CPP p28. Furthermore, in preclinical tests, the anti-tumor efficacy of this peptide was evaluated on human breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, and melanoma cells in vitro, leading to high expression of p53 and promoting cell cycle arrest. Despite the numerous in vitro and in vivo studies with promising results, and the increasing number of clinical trials using CPPs, few treatments reach the expected clinical efficacy. Usually, their clinical application is limited by its poor aqueous solubility, immunogenicity issues and dose-limiting toxicity. This review describes the most recent advances and innovations in the use of CPPs in several types of cancer, highlighting their crucial importance for various purposes, from therapeutic to diagnosis. Further clinical trials with these peptides are warranted to examine its effects on various types of cancer.
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23
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Singh P, Singh A, Shah S, Vataliya J, Mittal A, Chitkara D. RNA Interference Nanotherapeutics for Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4040-4066. [PMID: 32902291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics for RNA interference (RNAi) are gaining attention in the treatment and management of several kinds of the so-called "undruggable" tumors via targeting specific molecular pathways or oncogenes. Synthetic ribonucleic acid (RNAs) oligonucleotides like siRNA, miRNA, shRNA, and lncRNA have shown potential as novel therapeutics. However, the delivery of such oligonucleotides is significantly hampered by their physiochemical (such as hydrophilicity, negative charge, and instability) and biopharmaceutical features (in vivo serum stability, fast renal clearance, interaction with extracellular proteins, and hindrance in cellular internalization) that markedly reduce their biological activity. Recently, several nanocarriers have evolved as suitable non-viral vectors for oligonucleotide delivery, which are known to either complex or conjugate with these oligonucleotides efficiently and also overcome the extracellular and intracellular barriers, thereby allowing access to the tumoral micro-environment for the better and desired outcome in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This Review focuses on the up-to-date advancements in the field of RNAi nanotherapeutics utilized for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aditi Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shruti Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jalpa Vataliya
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
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24
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Shah SS, Casanova N, Antuono G, Sabatino D. Polyamide Backbone Modified Cell Targeting and Penetrating Peptides in Cancer Detection and Treatment. Front Chem 2020; 8:218. [PMID: 32296681 PMCID: PMC7136562 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating and targeting peptides (CPPs and CTPs) encompass an important class of biochemically active peptides owning the capabilities of targeting and translocating within selected cell types. As such, they have been widely used in the delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, especially in cancer. Despite their potential utility, first generation CTPs and CPPs based on the native peptide sequences are limited by poor biological and pharmacological properties, thereby restricting their efficacy. Therefore, medicinal chemistry approaches have been designed and developed to construct related peptidomimetics. Of specific interest herein, are the design applications which modify the polyamide backbone of lead CTPs and CPPs. These modifications aim to improve the biochemical characteristics of the native peptide sequence in order to enhance its diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. This review will focus on a selected set of cell penetrating and targeting peptides and their related peptidomimetics whose polyamide backbone has been modified in order to improve their applications in cancer detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
| | - Nelson Casanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
| | - Gina Antuono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
| | - David Sabatino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
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25
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Li X, Turanli B, Juszczak K, Kim W, Arif M, Sato Y, Ogawa S, Turkez H, Nielsen J, Boren J, Uhlen M, Zhang C, Mardinoglu A. Classification of clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on PKM alternative splicing. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03440. [PMID: 32095654 PMCID: PMC7033363 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for 70-80% of kidney cancer diagnoses and displays high molecular and histologic heterogeneity. Hence, it is necessary to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in progression of ccRCC to better stratify the patients and design effective treatment strategies. Here, we analyzed the survival outcome of ccRCC patients as a consequence of the differential expression of four transcript isoforms of the pyruvate kinase muscle type (PKM). We first extracted a classification biomarker consisting of eight gene pairs whose within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs) could be used to robustly classify the patients into two groups with distinct molecular characteristics and survival outcomes. Next, we validated our findings in a validation cohort and an independent Japanese ccRCC cohort. We finally performed drug repositioning analysis based on transcriptomic expression profiles of drug-perturbed cancer cell lines and proposed that paracetamol, nizatidine, dimethadione and conessine can be repurposed to treat the patients in one of the subtype of ccRCC whereas chenodeoxycholic acid, fenoterol and hexylcaine can be repurposed to treat the patients in the other subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beste Turanli
- Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kajetan Juszczak
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Woonghee Kim
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Boren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host–Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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26
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Song D, Tang L, Huang J, Wang L, Zeng T, Wang X. Roles of transforming growth factor-β and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase isoforms in integrin β1-mediated bio-behaviors of mouse lung telocytes. J Transl Med 2019; 17:431. [PMID: 31888636 PMCID: PMC6936066 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Telocytes (TCs) have the capacity of cell–cell communication with adjacent cells within the tissue, contributing to tissue repair and recovery from injury. The present study aims at investigating the molecular mechanisms by which the TGFβ1-ITGB1-PI3K signal pathways regulate TC cycle and proliferation. Methods Gene expression of integrin (ITG) family were measured in mouse primary TCs to compare with other cells. TC proliferation, movement, cell cycle, and PI3K isoform protein genes were assayed in ITGB1-negative or positive mouse lung TCs treated with the inhibition of PI3Kp110α, PI3Kα/δ, PKCβ, or GSK3, followed by TGFβ1 treatment. Results We found the characters and interactions of ITG or PKC family member networks in primary mouse lung TCs, different from other cells in the lung tissue. The deletion of ITGB1 changed TCs sensitivity to treatment with multifunctional cytokines or signal pathway inhibitors. The compensatory mechanisms occur among TGFβ1-induced PI3Kp110α, PI3Kα/δ, PKCβ, or GSK3 when ITGB1 gene was deleted, leading to alterations of TC cell cycle and proliferation. Of those PI3K isoform protein genes, mRNA expression of PIK3CG altered with ITGB1-negative TC cycle and proliferation. Conclusion TCs have strong capacity of proliferation through the compensatory signaling mechanisms and contribute to the development of drug resistance due to alterations of TC sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Song
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute for Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary Diseases, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Tang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute for Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary Diseases, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute for Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary Diseases, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute for Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary Diseases, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute for Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary Diseases, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Cummings JC, Zhang H, Jakymiw A. Peptide carriers to the rescue: overcoming the barriers to siRNA delivery for cancer treatment. Transl Res 2019; 214:92-104. [PMID: 31404520 PMCID: PMC6848774 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant health concern worldwide and its clinical treatment presents many challenges. Consequently, much research effort has focused on the development of new anticancer drugs to combat this disease. One area of exploration, in particular, has been in the therapeutic application of RNA interference (RNAi). Although RNAi appears to be an attractive therapeutic tool for the treatment of cancer, one of the primary obstacles towards its pervasive use in the clinic has been cell/tissue type-specific cytosolic delivery of therapeutic small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules. Consequently, varied drug delivery platforms have been developed and widely explored for siRNA delivery. Among these candidate drug delivery systems, peptides have shown great promise as siRNA carriers due to their varied physiochemical properties and functions, simple formulations, and flexibility in design. In this review, we will focus on distinguishing between the different classes of peptide carriers based on their functions, as well as summarize and discuss the various design strategies and advancements that have been made in circumventing the barriers to siRNA delivery for cancer treatment. Resolution of these challenges by peptide carriers will accelerate the translation of RNAi-based therapies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Cummings
- Departments of Oral Health Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Departments of Oral Health Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Andrew Jakymiw
- Departments of Oral Health Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina.
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28
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Novel therapeutic interventions in cancer treatment using protein and peptide-based targeted smart systems. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 69:249-267. [PMID: 31442570 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, being the most prevalent and resistant disease afflicting any gender, age or social status, is the ultimate challenge for the scientific community. The new generation therapeutics for cancer management has shifted the approach to personalized/precision medicine, making use of patient- and tumor-specific markers for specifying the targeted therapies for each patient. Peptides targeting these cancer-specific signatures hold enormous potential for cancer therapy and diagnosis. The rapid advancements in the combinatorial peptide libraries served as an impetus to the development of multifunctional peptide-based materials for targeted cancer therapy. The present review outlines benefits and shortcomings of peptides as cancer therapeutics and the potential of peptide modified nanomedicines for targeted delivery of anticancer agents.
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29
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Current Aspects of siRNA Bioconjugate for In Vitro and In Vivo Delivery. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122211. [PMID: 31200490 PMCID: PMC6631009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on siRNA delivery have seen intense growth in the past decades since siRNA has emerged as a new class of gene therapeutics for the treatment of various diseases. siRNA bioconjugate, as one of the major delivery strategies, offers the potential to enhance and broaden pharmacological properties of siRNA, while minimizing the heterogeneity and stability-correlated toxicology. This review summarizes the recent developments of siRNA bioconjugate, including the conjugation with antibody, peptide, aptamer, small chemical, lipidoid, cell-penetrating peptide polymer, and nanoparticle. These siRNA bioconjugate, either administrated alone or formulated with other agents, could significantly improve pharmacokinetic behavior, enhance the biological half-life, and increase the targetability while maintaining sufficient gene silencing activity, with a concomitant improvement of the therapeutic outcomes and diminishment of adverse effects. This review emphasizes the delivery application of these siRNA bioconjugates, especially the conjugation strategy that control the integrity, stability and release of siRNA bioconjugates. The limitations conferred by these conjugation strategies have also been covered.
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30
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Wang S, Huang R. Non-viral nucleic acid delivery to the central nervous system and brain tumors. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3091. [PMID: 30980444 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a rapidly emerging remedial route for many serious incurable diseases, such as central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Currently, nucleic acid medicines, including DNAs encoding therapeutic or destructive proteins, small interfering RNAs or microRNAs, have been successfully delivered to the CNS with gene delivery vectors using various routes of administration and have subsequently exhibited remarkable therapeutic efficiency. Among these vectors, non-viral vectors are favorable for delivering genes into the CNS as a result of their many special characteristics, such as low toxicity and pre-existing immunogenicity, high gene loading efficiency and easy surface modification. In this review, we highlight the main types of therapeutic genes that have been applied in the therapy of CNS diseases and then outline non-viral gene delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongqin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, and School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Abstract
Gene therapy as a strategy for disease treatment requires safe and efficient gene delivery systems that encapsulate nucleic acids and deliver them to effective sites in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Qingbin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Keliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing
- China
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