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Fu XQ, Leong HY, Qiao LZ, Zhou JN, Hu W, Yao SJ, Lin DQ. Application of aqueous two-phase extraction for separation and purification of various adeno-associated viruses. Biotechnol Lett 2025; 47:16. [PMID: 39777562 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are widely used as gene therapy vectors due to their safety, stability, and long-term expression characteristics. The objective of this work is to develop an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) as a universal platform for the separation and purification of AAVs. RESULTS This study utilized polyethylene glycol (PEG)/salt ATPSs to separate and purify various AAV serotypes, including AAV5, AAV8, and AAV9, which focusing on serotype-specific performance and partial empty capsid removal. The results showed that all the AAV serotypes were mainly enriched in the interphase of ATPS, with achieving high recovery (> 95%) and impurity removal (> 95%). The PEG/sodium citrate ATPS was serotype-independent, but the process optimization of component concentrations for each serotype was necessary to attain the best performance. Notably, a single-step aqueous two-phase extraction also demonstrated the ability to remove some amount of empty capsids from the crude cell lysate, with removal rate ranging from 4 to 25%. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated the practical applicability of PEG/sodium citrate ATPS in separating and purifying different AAV serotypes, which addressing key challenges in gene therapy vector production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui-Yi Leong
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liang-Zhi Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jia-Nan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Hangzhou Jiayin Biotech Ltd., Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shan-Jing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dong-Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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2
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Di Carlo E, Sorrentino C. State of the art CRISPR-based strategies for cancer diagnostics and treatment. Biomark Res 2024; 12:156. [PMID: 39696697 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology is a groundbreaking and dynamic molecular tool for DNA and RNA "surgery". CRISPR/Cas9 is the most widely applied system in oncology research. It is a major advancement in genome manipulation due to its precision, efficiency, scalability and versatility compared to previous gene editing methods. It has shown great potential not only in the targeting of oncogenes or genes coding for immune checkpoint molecules, and in engineering T cells, but also in targeting epigenomic disturbances, which contribute to cancer development and progression. It has proven useful for detecting genetic mutations, enabling the large-scale screening of genes involved in tumor onset, progression and drug resistance, and in speeding up the development of highly targeted therapies tailored to the genetic and immunological profiles of the patient's tumor. Furthermore, the recently discovered Cas12 and Cas13 systems have expanded Cas9-based editing applications, providing new opportunities in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In addition to traditional cis-cleavage, they exhibit trans-cleavage activity, which enables their use as sensitive and specific diagnostic tools. Diagnostic platforms like DETECTR, which employs the Cas12 enzyme, that cuts single-stranded DNA reporters, and SHERLOCK, which uses Cas12, or Cas13, that specifically target and cleave single-stranded RNA, can be exploited to speed up and advance oncological diagnostics. Overall, CRISPR platform has the great potential to improve molecular diagnostics and the functionality and safety of engineered cellular medicines. Here, we will emphasize the potentially transformative impact of CRISPR technology in the field of oncology compared to traditional treatments, diagnostic and prognostic approaches, and highlight the opportunities and challenges raised by using the newly introduced CRISPR-based systems for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio University" of Chieti- Pescara, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, 66100, Italy.
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, Chieti, 66100, Italy.
| | - Carlo Sorrentino
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio University" of Chieti- Pescara, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, 66100, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, Chieti, 66100, Italy
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3
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Ma J, Wang J, Sun R, Hu Z, Wang Z, Xue J, Wu S, Hu W, Wang J, Yang L, Cai Q, Yang J, Chen J, Liu X. Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Dickkopf-1 Gene Transduction Reduces Silica-Induced Oxidative Stress and Silicosis in Mouse Lung. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 39531217 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2024.0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Aims: Silicosis is a lung disease caused by inhalation of silica particles. Both silica-induced oxidative stress and aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway are potential targets in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, plays regulatory roles in cell fate determination and immune responses. Our previous study demonstrated that adenoviral vector-mediated Dkk1 gene transfer alleviated the silica-induced mouse silicosis. However, the mechanism of therapeutic action of Dkk1 in silicosis is yet completely understood; together with the drawbacks of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy, we investigated the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of Dkk1 by employing an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector in a silicosis mouse model. Results: The AAV vector could efficiently transduce the Dkk1 gene in silicotic lung during both the early and the late phases of disease, resulting in an alleviation of silicotic lesions, improvement of pulmonary compliance, and radiological findings. Mechanistic studies further demonstrated that the transduction of Dkk1 inhibited the silica-activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reduced the silica-induced reactive oxygen species-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase 4, oxidative stress regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and signaling molecules binding immunoglobulin protein and C/EBP homologous protein. In addition, shRNA-mediated downregulation of Dkk1 exacerbated the progression of silicosis in mice, whereas the treatment of ROS scavenger n-acetylcysteine showed a comparable mitigation of silicosis that was seen in the AAV-Dkk1 treatment. Innovation and Conclusion: This study provides an insight into the mechanism by which Dkk1 inhibits the silica-induced Wnt signaling and oxidative stress to mitigate the pathogenesis of lung silicosis and evidence of the potential of AAV-mediated Dkk1 gene transfer as an alternative approach in silicosis treatment. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ruiting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Wenfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The Laboratory Centre, Ningxia Institute of Clinical Medicine, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Liyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Qian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- The Laboratory Centre, Ningxia Institute of Clinical Medicine, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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4
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Lengler J, Gavrila M, Brandis J, Palavra K, Dieringer F, Unterthurner S, Fuchsberger F, Kraus B, Bort JAH. Crucial aspects for maintaining rAAV stability. Sci Rep 2024; 14:27685. [PMID: 39533000 PMCID: PMC11557909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-79369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The storage of rAAV vectors for gene therapy applications is critical for ensuring a constant product quality and defined amount of medication at the time of administration. Therefore, we determined the influence of different storage conditions on the physicochemical and biological properties of rAAV8 and rAAV9 preparations. Particular attention was paid to short-term storage, which plays a crucial role in both the manufacturing process and in clinical applications. Additionally, we addressed the question, of viability of rAAV8 and rAAV9 when subjected to very low-temperature storage conditions (below -65 °C) or lyophilization. To determine the impact on rAAV vectors, various analyses were used, including the quantification of capsid and genome titers, as well as biopotency assessments, which are pivotal determinants in characterizing vector behavior and efficacy. Our data showed that freeze/thaw cycles hardly affected the functionality of rAAV9-aGAL vectors. In contrast, prolonged storage at room temperature for several days, resulted in a discernible decrease in biopotency despite consistent capsid and genome titers. When the storage temperature was further increased, the rAAV8-aGAL decay accelerated. For example, a short-term exposure of + 40 °C and more, led to a reduction in the physical viral titer and to an even faster decline in efficacy determined by biopotency. However, the addition of sucrose and sorbitol to the rAAV9-aGAL and rAAV9-GAA preparations reduced the temperature sensitivity of rAAV and improved its stability. Furthermore, exposure of rAAV9-aGAL to highly acidic conditions (pH 2.5) dramatically reduced its biopotency by 70% or more. Most interestingly, a long-term storage of rAAV9-aGAL and rAAV8-FVIII vectors over 12 and 36 months, respectively, demonstrated exceptional stability at storage temperatures below -65 °C. Also, lyophilization conserved functionality for at least 10 months. Our data showed how to maintain rAAV biopotency levels over the time without substantial loss. Storage at very low temperatures (below -65 °C) preserved its effectiveness over years. Overall, pH and temperature conditions during the manufacturing process, storage and clinical application are worth considering. Consistency in the rAAV capsid titer determination did not necessarily indicate the preservation of biopotency. In conclusion, our approach determined several options for maximizing rAAV stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Lengler
- Gene Therapy Process Development, Baxalta Innovations GmbH, a Part of Takeda Companies, Uferstraße 15, 2304, Orth an Der Donau, Austria
| | - Mia Gavrila
- Gene Therapy Process Development, Baxalta Innovations GmbH, a Part of Takeda Companies, Uferstraße 15, 2304, Orth an Der Donau, Austria
| | - Janina Brandis
- Drug Product Development EU, Baxalta Innovations GmbH, a Part of Takeda Companies, Industriestraße 72, 1221, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Palavra
- Gene Therapy Process Development, Baxalta Innovations GmbH, a Part of Takeda Companies, Uferstraße 15, 2304, Orth an Der Donau, Austria
| | - Felix Dieringer
- Gene Therapy Process Development, Baxalta Innovations GmbH, a Part of Takeda Companies, Uferstraße 15, 2304, Orth an Der Donau, Austria
| | - Sabine Unterthurner
- Gene Therapy Process Development, Baxalta Innovations GmbH, a Part of Takeda Companies, Uferstraße 15, 2304, Orth an Der Donau, Austria
| | - Felix Fuchsberger
- Gene Therapy Process Development, Baxalta Innovations GmbH, a Part of Takeda Companies, Uferstraße 15, 2304, Orth an Der Donau, Austria
| | - Barbara Kraus
- Gene Therapy Process Development, Baxalta Innovations GmbH, a Part of Takeda Companies, Uferstraße 15, 2304, Orth an Der Donau, Austria
| | - Juan A Hernandez Bort
- Gene Therapy Process Development, Baxalta Innovations GmbH, a Part of Takeda Companies, Uferstraße 15, 2304, Orth an Der Donau, Austria.
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Bioengineering, University of Applied Sciences Campus Vienna, 1100, Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Willimann M, Grisch‐Chan HM, Rimann N, Rothgangl T, Hruzova M, Schwank G, Thöny B. Therapeutic liver cell transplantation to treat murine PKU. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:1322-1335. [PMID: 39449255 PMCID: PMC11586590 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
For gene therapy of the liver, in vivo applications based on adeno-associated virus are the most advanced vectors despite limitations, including low efficacy and episomal loss, potential integration and safety issues, and high production costs. Alternative vectors and/or delivery routes are of high interest. The regenerative ability of the liver bears the potential for ex vivo therapy using liver cell transplantation for disease correction if provided with a selective advantage to expand and replace the existing cell mass. Here we present such treatment of a mouse model of human phenylketonuria (PKU). Primary hepatocytes from wild-type mice were gene modified in vitro (with a lentiviral vector) that carries a gene editing system (CRISPR) to inhibit Cypor. Cypor inactivation confers paracetamol (or acetaminophen) resistance to hepatocytes and thus a growth advantage to eliminate the pre-existing liver cells upon grafting (via the spleen) and exposure to repeated treatment with paracetamol. Grafting Cypor-inactivated wild-type hepatocytes into inbred young adult enu2 (PKU) mice, followed by selective expansion by paracetamol dosing, resulted in replacing up to 5% of cell mass, normalization of blood phenylalanine, and permanent correction of PKU. Hepatocyte transplantation offers thus an armamentarium of novel therapy options for genetic liver defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Willimann
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Hiu Man Grisch‐Chan
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Nicole Rimann
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Tanja Rothgangl
- University of ZurichInstitute for Pharmacology and ToxicologyZurichSwitzerland
| | - Martina Hruzova
- University of ZurichInstitute for Pharmacology and ToxicologyZurichSwitzerland
| | - Gerald Schwank
- University of ZurichInstitute for Pharmacology and ToxicologyZurichSwitzerland
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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6
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Bassi ST, Newman NJ, Chen JJ, Tisavipat NY, Mollan SP, Moss HE, Milea D. Recent advances in neuro-ophthalmology. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:1544-1559. [PMID: 39462921 PMCID: PMC11668219 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_594_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article represents a collaborative effort across continents, bringing together the latest developments in neuro-ophthalmology with a focus on innovative diagnostic and therapeutic modalities that are shaping the future of the field. Among the most significant advancements is the rise of optical coherence tomography (OCT), now recognized as an indispensable tool in neuro-ophthalmological research, providing unparalleled insights into optic nerve and central nervous system pathologies. Gene therapy, particularly for conditions such as Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, marks a new frontier in personalized medicine, offering hope for previously untreatable conditions. The article also examines the transformative role of telemedicine and artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical practice, which are revolutionizing patient care and enhancing diagnostic precision. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of novel serological biomarkers on the understanding and management of immune-mediated optic neuritis, and discusses the introduction of new therapeutic agents like Tocilizumab and Teprotumumab, which are redefining treatment paradigms. Collectively, these advancements reflect the profound influence of modern medicine on neuro-ophthalmology, paving the way for improved patient outcomes and fostering new avenues for research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha T Bassi
- Neuro Ophthalmology Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nancy J Newman
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John J Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (MN), USA
- Department of Neurology and Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nanthaya Yui Tisavipat
- Department of Neurology and Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Susan P Mollan
- Birmingham Neuro-Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom (UK)
- Translational Brain Science, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Heather E Moss
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Dan Milea
- Visual Neuroscience Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute and Duke NUS, Medical School, Singapore
- Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
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7
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Słyk Ż, Stachowiak N, Małecki M. Gene Therapy in the Light of Lifestyle Diseases: Budesonide, Acetaminophen and Simvastatin Modulates rAAV Transduction Efficiency. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1213. [PMID: 39338375 PMCID: PMC11434873 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors are increasingly favored for gene therapy due to their useful features of vectorology, such as transfection of dividing and nondividing cells, the presence of tissue-specific serotypes, and biosafety considerations. This study investigates the impact of commonly used therapeutic drugs-acetaminophen, budesonide, and simvastatin-on rAAV transduction efficiency in HEK-293 cells. Cells were transduced with an AAV mosaic vector under the control of a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP). Transduction efficiency was assessed by qPCR and fluorescent microscopy. Analysis of functional interactions between genes potentially involved in rAAV transduction in drug-exposed cells was also performed. This study showed a clear effect of drugs on rAAV transmission. Notably, acetaminophen enhanced transduction efficiency by 9-fold, while budesonide and simvastatin showed 2-fold and 3-fold increases, respectively. The gene analysis illustrates the possible involvement of genes related to cell membranes in the potentiation of rAAV transduction induced by the drugs under investigation. Attention should be paid to S100A8, which is a common drug-modified gene for drugs showing anti-inflammatory effects (budesonide and simvastatin), demonstrating an interaction with the gene encoding the receptor for AAV (HGFR). This study underscores the significance of assessing rAAV pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PKs/PDs) and drug-gene therapy interactions in optimizing gene therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Słyk
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Stachowiak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Małecki
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Nakahara T, Tabata H, Kato Y, Fuse R, Nakamura M, Yamaji M, Hattori N, Kiyono T, Saito I, Nakanishi T. Construction and Stability of All-in-One Adenovirus Vectors Simultaneously Expressing Four and Eight Multiplex Guide RNAs and Cas9 Nickase. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8783. [PMID: 39201470 PMCID: PMC11354445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology is expected to offer novel genome editing-related therapies for various diseases. We previously showed that an adenovirus vector (AdV) possessing eight expression units of multiplex guide RNAs (gRNAs) was obtained with no deletion of these units. Here, we attempted to construct "all-in-one" AdVs possessing expression units of four and eight gRNAs with Cas9 nickase, although we expected obstacles to obtain complete all-in-one AdVs. The first expected obstacle was that extremely high copies of viral genomes during replication may cause severe off-target cleavages of host cells and induce homologous recombination. However, surprisingly, four units in the all-in-one AdV genome were maintained completely intact. Second, for the all-in-one AdV containing eight gRNA units, we enlarged the E3 deletion in the vector backbone and shortened the U6 promoter of the gRNA expression units to shorten the AdV genome within the adenovirus packaging limits. The final size of the all-in-one AdV genome containing eight gRNA units still slightly exceeded the reported upper limit. Nevertheless, approximately one-third of the eight units remained intact, even upon preparation for in vivo experiments. Third, the genome editing efficiency unexpectedly decreased upon enlarging the E3 deletion. Our results suggested that complete all-in-one AdVs containing four gRNA units could be obtained if the problem of the low genome editing efficiency is solved, and those containing even eight gRNA units could be obtained if the obstacle of the vector size is also removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Nakahara
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Hirotaka Tabata
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Foundation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yuya Kato
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Foundation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Ryoko Fuse
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Foundation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakamura
- Center for Biomedical Research Resources, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (M.N.); (M.Y.); (T.N.)
| | - Megumi Yamaji
- Center for Biomedical Research Resources, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (M.N.); (M.Y.); (T.N.)
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan;
| | - Izumu Saito
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakanishi
- Center for Biomedical Research Resources, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (M.N.); (M.Y.); (T.N.)
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9
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Matsuzaka Y, Yashiro R. Therapeutic Application and Structural Features of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8464-8498. [PMID: 39194716 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is characterized by non-pathogenicity, long-term infection, and broad tropism and is actively developed as a vector virus for gene therapy products. AAV is classified into more than 100 serotypes based on differences in the amino acid sequence of the capsid protein. Endocytosis involves the uptake of viral particles by AAV and accessory receptors during AAV infection. After entry into the cell, they are transported to the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex. AAVs mainly use proteoglycans as receptors to enter cells, but the types of sugar chains in proteoglycans that have binding ability are different. Therefore, it is necessary to properly evaluate the primary structure of receptor proteins, such as amino acid sequences and post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, and the higher-order structure of proteins, such as the folding of the entire capsid structure and the three-dimensional (3D) structure of functional domains, to ensure the efficacy and safety of biopharmaceuticals. To further enhance safety, it is necessary to further improve the efficiency of gene transfer into target cells, reduce the amount of vector administered, and prevent infection of non-target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8551, Japan
| | - Ryu Yashiro
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8551, Japan
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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10
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Bateman-House A. Somatic Gene Therapy: Ethics and Access. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2024; 25:421-438. [PMID: 39190912 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-021623-104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Manipulation of a patient's genome for therapeutic ends is being attempted through numerous methods, some of which have resulted in disease-modifying interventions. The much anticipated promise of somatic gene therapy is starting to pay off; however, there remain many scientific unknowns, including concerns about safety and durability. A significant ethical concern is that of access to these novel interventions, an issue that is normally framed in terms of the high costs of approved products. I describe how access issues permeate gene therapy long before there is any commercial product and how even upstream decisions-such as choices of indication to pursue, viral vector, and where to site a trial-have significant implications for access to resultant products in both the developmental and commercial stages.
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11
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Lopes FM, Grenier C, Jarvis BW, Al Mahdy S, Lène-McKay A, Gurney AM, Newman WG, Waddington SN, Woolf AS, Roberts NA. Human HPSE2 gene transfer ameliorates bladder pathophysiology in a mutant mouse model of urofacial syndrome. eLife 2024; 13:RP91828. [PMID: 38990208 PMCID: PMC11239176 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare early-onset lower urinary tract disorders include defects of functional maturation of the bladder. Current treatments do not target the primary pathobiology of these diseases. Some have a monogenic basis, such as urofacial, or Ochoa, syndrome (UFS). Here, the bladder does not empty fully because of incomplete relaxation of its outflow tract, and subsequent urosepsis can cause kidney failure. UFS is associated with biallelic variants of HPSE2, encoding heparanase-2. This protein is detected in pelvic ganglia, autonomic relay stations that innervate the bladder and control voiding. Bladder outflow tracts of Hpse2 mutant mice display impaired neurogenic relaxation. We hypothesized that HPSE2 gene transfer soon after birth would ameliorate this defect and explored an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-based approach. AAV9/HPSE2, carrying human HPSE2 driven by CAG, was administered intravenously into neonatal mice. In the third postnatal week, transgene transduction and expression were sought, and ex vivo myography was undertaken to measure bladder function. In mice administered AAV9/HPSE2, the viral genome was detected in pelvic ganglia. Human HPSE2 was expressed and heparanase-2 became detectable in pelvic ganglia of treated mutant mice. On autopsy, wild-type mice had empty bladders, whereas bladders were uniformly distended in mutant mice, a defect ameliorated by AAV9/HPSE2 treatment. Therapeutically, AAV9/HPSE2 significantly ameliorated impaired neurogenic relaxation of Hpse2 mutant bladder outflow tracts. Impaired neurogenic contractility of mutant detrusor smooth muscle was also significantly improved. These results constitute first steps towards curing UFS, a clinically devastating genetic disease featuring a bladder autonomic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa M Lopes
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Grenier
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin W Jarvis
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Al Mahdy
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Lène-McKay
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M Gurney
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - William G Newman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon N Waddington
- Maternal & Fetal Medicine, EGA Institute for Women's Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A Roberts
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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12
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Som M, Gikanga B, Kanapuram V, Yadav S. Drug product Formulation and Fill/Finish Manufacturing Process Considerations for AAV-Based Genomic Medicines. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1711-1725. [PMID: 38570073 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have become the delivery medium of choice for a variety of genomic medicine applications i.e., gene therapy, gene editing/regulation, and ex-vivo cell therapy. AAVs are protein-DNA complexes which have unique stability characteristics that are susceptible to various stress exposure conditions commonly seen in the drug product (DP) life cycle. This review takes a comprehensive look at AAV DP formulation and process development considerations that could impact critical quality attributes (CQAs) during manufacturing, packaging, shipping, and clinical use. Additional aspects related to AAV development reviewed herein are: (1) Different AAV serotypes with unique protein sequences and charge characteristics potentially leading to discrete stability profiles; (2) Manufacturing process challenges and optimization efforts to improve yield, recovery and purity especially during early development activities; and (3) Defining and identifying CQAs with analytical methods which are constantly evolving and present unique characterization challenges for AAV-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Som
- Sangamo Therapeutics, 7000 Marina Boulevard, Brisbane, CA 94005, United States.
| | - Benson Gikanga
- Sangamo Therapeutics, 7000 Marina Boulevard, Brisbane, CA 94005, United States
| | - Varna Kanapuram
- Sangamo Therapeutics, 7000 Marina Boulevard, Brisbane, CA 94005, United States
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Sangamo Therapeutics, 7000 Marina Boulevard, Brisbane, CA 94005, United States.
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13
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Lu Y, Ling C, Shoti J, Yang H, Nath A, Keeler GD, Qing K, Srivastava A. Enhanced transgene expression from single-stranded AAV vectors in human cells in vitro and in murine hepatocytes in vivo. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102196. [PMID: 38766527 PMCID: PMC11101737 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
We identified that distal 10 nucleotides in the D-sequence in AAV2 inverted terminal repeat (ITR) share partial sequence homology to 1/2 binding site of glucocorticoid receptor-binding element (GRE). Here, we describe that (1) purified GR binds to AAV2 D-sequence, and the D-sequence competes with GR binding to its cognate binding site; (2) dexamethasone-mediated activation of GR pathway significantly increases the transduction efficiency of AAV2 vectors in human cells; (3) human osteosarcoma cells, U2OS, which lack expression of GR, are poorly transduced by AAV2 vectors, but stable transfection with a GR expression plasmid restores vector-mediated transgene expression; (4) replacement of the distal 10 nucleotides in the D-sequence of the AAV2 ITR with a full-length GRE consensus sequence significantly enhances transgene expression in human cells in vitro and in murine hepatocytes in vivo; and (5) none of the ITRs in AAV1, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, and AAV6 genomes contains the GRE 1/2 binding site, and insertion of a full-length GRE consensus sequence in the AAV6-ITR also significantly enhances transgene expression from AAV6 vectors, both in vitro and in vivo. These novel vectors, termed generation Y AAV vectors, which are serotype, transgene, or promoter agnostic, should be useful in human gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- Full Circle Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jakob Shoti
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aneesha Nath
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Geoffrey D. Keeler
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Keyun Qing
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arun Srivastava
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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14
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Milagros S, de Erenchun PRR, Guembe M, Carte B, Méndez M, Uribarri A, Aldabe R. The infectivity of AAV9 is influenced by the specific location and extent of chemically modified capsid residues. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:34. [PMID: 38745236 PMCID: PMC11092203 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several treatments for genetic diseases utilizing recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have recently gained approval. However, the development of a greater number of therapeutic AAVs is constrained by certain limitations. While extensive efforts have concentrated on screening AAV genetic libraries, an alternative strategy involves modifying the AAV capsid by attaching various moieties. The capsid of AAV plays a pivotal role in transducing target cells and evading immune responses, making modifications a key avenue for engineering improved variants. RESULTS In our study, we replaced specific AAV9 capsid residues with an unnatural amino acid bearing a bioorthogonal group, identifying four positions with no adverse impact on production. Utilizing click chemistry, we attached varying proportions of Cy5.5 to these positions, allowing us to assess the impact of these modifications on AAV9 infectivity in cultured cells. Our findings reveal that both the position and degree of capsid modification significantly affect AAV transduction. While higher amounts of attached molecules lead to an increased number of AAV genomes within cells, this does not positively impact transgene expression. Conversely, a negative impact on transgene expression is observed when the AAV capsid is highly modified, with the degree of this effect associated with the modified residue. CONCLUSION Careful control of both the degree and specific position of capsid modifications is crucial for optimizing transduction efficiency and minimizing undesired effects on transgene expression. These results underscore the importance of precision in AAV capsid modification to achieve optimal transduction efficiency while mitigating potential drawbacks on transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Milagros
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Maite Guembe
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Carte
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Méndez
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ander Uribarri
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Aldabe
- DNA and RNA Medicine Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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15
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Zhao Y, Liu W, Li Y, Ma J, Liu T, Cui H, Deng Y, Liao X, Wang Z. Human Bocavirus 1 NP1 acts as an ssDNA-binding protein to help AAV2 DNA replication and cooperates with RPA to regulate AAV2 capsid expression. J Virol 2024; 98:e0151523. [PMID: 38323812 PMCID: PMC10949510 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01515-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) requires co-infection with helper virus for efficient replication. We previously reported that Human Bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) genes, including NP1, NS2, and BocaSR, were critical for AAV2 replication. Here, we first demonstrate the essential roles of the NP1 protein in AAV2 DNA replication and protein expression. We show that NP1 binds to single-strand DNA (ssDNA) at least 30 nucleotides (nt) in length in a sequence-independent manner. Furthermore, NP1 colocalized with the BrdU-labeled AAV2 DNA replication center, and the loss of the ssDNA-binding ability of NP1 by site-directed mutation completely abolished AAV2 DNA replication. We used affinity-tagged NP1 protein to identify host cellular proteins associated with NP1 in cells cotransfected with the HBoV1 helper genes and AAV2 duplex genome. Of the identified proteins, we demonstrate that NP1 directly binds to the DBD-F domain of the RPA70 subunit with a high affinity through the residues 101-121. By reconstituting the heterotrimer protein RPA in vitro using gel filtration, we demonstrate that NP1 physically associates with RPA to form a heterologous complex characterized by typical fast-on/fast-off kinetics. Following a dominant-negative strategy, we found that NP1-RPA complex mainly plays a role in expressing AAV2 capsid protein by enhancing the transcriptional activity of the p40 promoter. Our study revealed a novel mechanism by which HBoV1 NP1 protein supports AAV2 DNA replication and capsid protein expression through its ssDNA-binding ability and direct interaction with RPA, respectively.IMPORTANCERecombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors have been extensively used in clinical gene therapy strategies. However, a limitation of these gene therapy strategies is the efficient production of the required vectors, as AAV alone is replication-deficient in the host cells. HBoV1 provides the simplest AAV2 helper genes consisting of NP1, NS2, and BocaSR. An important question regarding the helper function of HBoV1 is whether it provides any direct function that supports AAV2 DNA replication and protein expression. Also of interest is how HBoV1 interplays with potential host factors to constitute a permissive environment for AAV2 replication. Our studies revealed that the multifunctional protein NP1 plays important roles in AAV2 DNA replication via its sequence-independent ssDNA-binding ability and in regulating AAV2 capsid protein expression by physically interacting with host protein RPA. Our findings present theoretical guidance for the future application of the HBoV1 helper genes in the rAAV vector production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Zhao
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Huichan Cui
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yongheng Deng
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xiaochen Liao
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zekun Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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16
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Kurth S, Li T, Hausker A, Evans WE, Dabre R, Müller E, Kervinen J. Separation of full and empty adeno-associated virus capsids by anion-exchange chromatography using choline-type salts. Anal Biochem 2024; 686:115421. [PMID: 38061416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Development of clinically desirable adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors with optimal genome design requires rapid and accurate analytical methods to assess AAV quality. Anion-exchange (AEX) chromatography provides a powerful analytical method for full/empty AAV capsid ratio determination. However, the current AEX methodology for separation of empty and full AAV capsids largely relies on the use of the highly toxic tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC). Here, we describe a novel analytical AEX method for separation of empty and full AAV capsids that uses only non-toxic, choline-type compounds that contain structural similarity to the quaternary ammonium ligand present on the surface of AEX resin. Choline-Cl gradient, combined with sensitive fluorescence detection, allowed a safe and effective separation of empty and full AAV capsids with reproducible empty/full ratio determination. The choline-based assay was suitable for commonly used serotypes, AAV2, AAV5, AAV6, and AAV8. The limit of detection was ∼3.9 × 108 virus particles in the assay. A gradient-hold step-gradient elution with choline-Cl resulted in enhanced baseline separation of empty and full AAV8 capsids. In summary, the use of choline-Cl in the AEX assay is recommended for empty/full capsid ratio determination and other applications in AAV production, and it eliminates the necessity of using toxic TMAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Kurth
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, 3604 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA
| | - Tianyu Li
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, 3604 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA
| | - Alana Hausker
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, 3604 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA
| | - William E Evans
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, 3604 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA
| | - Romain Dabre
- Tosoh Bioscience GmbH, Im Leuschnerpark 4, 64347, Griesheim, Germany
| | - Egbert Müller
- Tosoh Bioscience GmbH, Im Leuschnerpark 4, 64347, Griesheim, Germany
| | - Jukka Kervinen
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, 3604 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA.
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17
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Coll De Peña A, White JD, Mehta DR, Ben Frej M, Tripathi A. Microfluidic AAV Purity Characterization: New Insights into Serotype and Sample Treatment Variability. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:4027-4036. [PMID: 38284067 PMCID: PMC10809679 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in nucleic acid delivery systems with the success of LNP vehicles, adeno-associated virus (AAV) remains the leading platform for targeted gene delivery due to its low immunogenicity to humans, high transduction efficiency, and range of serotypes with varying tropisms. Depending on the therapeutic goals and serotype used, different production conditions may be more amenable, generating an ever-growing need for rapid yet robust analytical techniques to support the high-quality manufacturing of AAV. A critical bottleneck exists for assessing full capsids where rapid, high-throughput techniques capable of analyzing a range of serotypes are needed. Here, we present a rapid, high-throughput analytical technique, microfluidic electrophoresis, for the assessment of full capsids compatible with AAV1, AAV2, AAV6, AAV8, and AAV9 without the need for assay modifications or optimizations, and AAV5 with some constraints. The method presented in this study uses a mathematical formulation we developed previously with a reference standard to combine the independently obtained capsid protein and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) profiles to estimate the percentage of full capsids in a sample of unknown concentration. We assessed the ability to use a single serotype (AAV8) as the reference standard regardless of the serotype of the sample being analyzed so long as the melting temperature (Tm) of the capsids is within 12 °C from the Tm of AAV8. Using this method, we are able to characterize samples ±6.1% with an average analytical turnaround time of <5 min/sample, using only 10 μL/sample at a concentration of 2.5 × 1012 VG/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Coll De Peña
- Center
for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - James D. White
- Applied
Genomics, Revvity, Hopkinton, Massachusetts 01748, United States
| | - Dipti R. Mehta
- Applied
Genomics, Revvity, Hopkinton, Massachusetts 01748, United States
| | - Menel Ben Frej
- Applied
Genomics, Revvity, Hopkinton, Massachusetts 01748, United States
| | - Anubhav Tripathi
- Center
for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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18
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Hadi M, Qutaiba B Allela O, Jabari M, Jasoor AM, Naderloo O, Yasamineh S, Gholizadeh O, Kalantari L. Recent advances in various adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) as gene therapy agents in hepatocellular carcinoma. Virol J 2024; 21:17. [PMID: 38216938 PMCID: PMC10785434 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer, which is scientifically referred to as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a significant concern in the field of global health. It has been demonstrated that conventional chemotherapy, chemo-hormonal therapy, and conformal radiotherapy are ineffective against HCC. New therapeutic approaches are thus urgently required. Identifying single or multiple mutations in genes associated with invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and growth regulation has resulted in a more comprehensive comprehension of the molecular genetic underpinnings of malignant transformation, tumor advancement, and host interaction. This enhanced comprehension has notably propelled the development of novel therapeutic agents. Therefore, gene therapy (GT) holds great promise for addressing the urgent need for innovative treatments in HCC. However, the complexity of HCC demands precise and effective therapeutic approaches. The adeno-associated virus (AAV) distinctive life cycle and ability to persistently infect dividing and nondividing cells have rendered it an alluring vector. Another appealing characteristic of the wild-type virus is its evident absence of pathogenicity. As a result, AAV, a vector that lacks an envelope and can be modified to transport DNA to specific cells, has garnered considerable interest in the scientific community, particularly in experimental therapeutic strategies that are still in the clinical stage. AAV vectors emerge as promising tools for HCC therapy due to their non-immunogenic nature, efficient cell entry, and prolonged gene expression. While AAV-mediated GT demonstrates promise across diverse diseases, the current absence of ongoing clinical trials targeting HCC underscores untapped potential in this context. Furthermore, gene transfer through hepatic AAV vectors is frequently facilitated by GT research, which has been propelled by several congenital anomalies affecting the liver. Notwithstanding the enthusiasm associated with this notion, recent discoveries that expose the integration of the AAV vector genome at double-strand breaks give rise to apprehensions regarding their enduring safety and effectiveness. This review explores the potential of AAV vectors as versatile tools for targeted GT in HCC. In summation, we encapsulate the multifaceted exploration of AAV vectors in HCC GT, underlining their transformative potential within the landscape of oncology and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meead Hadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mansoureh Jabari
- Medical Campus, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Asna Mahyazadeh Jasoor
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Naderloo
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Gorgan Breanch, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | | | - Leila Kalantari
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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19
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Abad C, Demeules M, Guillou C, Gondé H, Zoubairi R, Tan YV, Pinto-Espinoza C, Schäfer W, Mann AM, Vouret-Craviari V, Koch-Nolte F, Adriouch S. Administration of an AAV vector coding for a P2X7-blocking nanobody-based biologic ameliorates colitis in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:27. [PMID: 38212782 PMCID: PMC10785547 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pro-inflammatory ATP-gated P2X7 receptor is widely expressed by immune and non-immune cells. Nanobodies targeting P2X7, with potentiating or antagonistic effects, have been developed. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transfer represents an efficient approach to achieve long-term in vivo expression of selected nanobody-based biologics. This approach (AAVnano) was used to validate the relevance of P2X7 as a target in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. RESULTS Mice received an intramuscular injection of AAV vectors coding for potentiating (14D5-dimHLE) or antagonistic (13A7-Fc) nanobody-based biologics targeting P2X7. Long-term modulation of P2X7 activity was evaluated ex vivo from blood samples. Colitis was induced with DSS in mice injected with AAV vectors coding for nanobody-based biologics. Severity of colitis, colon histopathology and expression of chemokines and cytokines were determined to evaluate the impact of P2X7 modulation. A single injection of an AAV vector coding for 13A7-Fc or 14D5-dimHLE efficiently modulated P2X7 function in vivo from day 15 up to day 120 post-injection in a dose-dependent manner. An AAV vector coding for 13A7-Fc significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis and significantly reduced immune cell infiltration and expression of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the validity of AAVnano methodology to modulate P2X7 functions in vivo. Applying this methodological approach to a DSS-induced colitis model, we have shown that P2X7 blockade reduces inflammation and disease severity. Hence, this study confirms the importance of P2X7 as a pharmacological target and suggests the use of nanobody-based biologics as potential therapeutics in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Abad
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Mélanie Demeules
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Charlotte Guillou
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Henri Gondé
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Rachid Zoubairi
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Yossan-Var Tan
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | | | - Waldemar Schäfer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Marei Mann
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France.
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, INSERM U1234 - PANTHER Lab, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, CS 76183, University of Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France.
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20
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Schäfer-Korting M. Looking to the Future: Drug Delivery and Targeting in the Prophylaxis and Therapy of Severe and Chronic Diseases. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 284:389-411. [PMID: 37861719 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
High molecular weight actives and cell-based therapy have the potential to revolutionize the prophylaxis and therapy of severe diseases. Yet, the size and nature of the agents - proteins, nucleic acids, cells - challenge drug delivery and thus formulation development. Moreover, off-target effects may result in severe adverse drug reactions. This makes delivery and targeting an essential component of high-end drug development. Loading to nanoparticles facilitates delivery and enables targeted mRNA vaccines and tumor therapeutics. Stem cell therapy opens up a new horizon in diabetes type 1 among other domains which may enhance the quality of life and life expectancy. Cell encapsulation protects transplants against the recipient's immune system, may ensure long-term efficacy, avoid severe adverse reactions, and simplify the management of rare and fatal diseases.The knowledge gained so far encourages to widen the spectrum of potential indications. Co-development of the active agent and the vehicle has the potential to accelerate drug research. One recommended starting point is the use of computational approaches. Transferability of preclinical data to humans will benefit from performing studies first on validated human 3D disease models reflecting the target tissue, followed by studies on validated animal models. This makes approaching a new level in drug development a multidisciplinary but ultimately worthwhile and attainable challenge. Intense monitoring of the patients after drug approval and periodic reporting to physicians and scientists remain essential for the safe use of drugs especially in rare diseases and pave future research.
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21
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Gushchina LV, Bradley AJ, Vetter TA, Lay JW, Rohan NL, Frair EC, Wein N, Flanigan KM. Persistence of exon 2 skipping and dystrophin expression at 18 months after U7snRNA-mediated therapy in the Dup2 mouse model. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101144. [PMID: 38027058 PMCID: PMC10679948 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive X-linked disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene that prevent the expression of a functional dystrophin protein. Exon duplications represent 6%-11% of mutations, and duplications of exon 2 (Dup2) are the most common (∼11%) of duplication mutations. An exon-skipping strategy for Dup2 mutations presents a large therapeutic window. Skipping one exon copy results in full-length dystrophin expression, whereas skipping of both copies (Del2) activates an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) in exon 5, inducing the expression of a highly functional truncated dystrophin isoform. We have previously confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of AAV9.U7snRNA-mediated skipping in the Dup2 mouse model and showed the absence of off-target splicing effects and lack of toxicity in mice and nonhuman primates. Here, we report long-term dystrophin expression data following the treatment of 3-month-old Dup2 mice with the scAAV9.U7.ACCA vector. Significant exon 2 skipping and robust dystrophin expression in the muscles and hearts of treated mice persist at 18 months after treatment, along with the partial rescue of muscle function. These data extend our previous findings and show that scAAV9.U7.ACCA provides long-term protection by restoring the disrupted dystrophin reading frame in the context of exon 2 duplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov V. Gushchina
- The Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Adrienne J. Bradley
- The Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tatyana A. Vetter
- The Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jacob W. Lay
- The Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Natalie L. Rohan
- The Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emma C. Frair
- The Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicolas Wein
- The Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin M. Flanigan
- The Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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22
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Shoti J, Qing K, Keeler GD, Duan D, Byrne BJ, Srivastava A. Development of capsid- and genome-modified optimized AAVrh74 vectors for muscle gene therapy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101147. [PMID: 38046199 PMCID: PMC10690633 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The first generation of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors composed of the naturally occurring capsids and genomes, although effective in some instances, are unlikely to be optimal for gene therapy in humans. The use of the first generation of two different AAV serotype vectors (AAV9 and AAVrh74) in four separate clinical trials failed to be effective in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, although some efficacy was observed in a subset of patients with AAVrh74 vectors leading to US Food and Drug Administration approval (Elevidys). In two trials with the first generation of AAV9 vectors, several serious adverse events were observed, including the death of a patient in one trial, and more recently, in the death of a second patient in an N-of-1 clinical trial. In a fourth trial with the first generation of AAVrh74 vectors, myositis and myocarditis were also observed. Here, we report that capsid- and genome-modified optimized AAVrh74 vectors are significantly more efficient in transducing primary human skeletal muscle cells in vitro and in all major muscle tissues in vivo following systemic administration in a murine model. The availability of optimized AAVrh74 vectors promises to be safe and effective in the potential gene therapy of muscle diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Shoti
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Keyun Qing
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Geoffrey D. Keeler
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Neurology, Biomedical Sciences, and Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Barry J. Byrne
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arun Srivastava
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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23
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Jiang F, Zhang C, Liu W, Liu F, Huang H, Tan Y, Qin B. Bibliometric analysis of global research trends in adeno-associated virus vector for gene therapy (1991-2022). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1301915. [PMID: 38145048 PMCID: PMC10739348 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1301915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gene therapy involves introducing and editing foreign genes in the body to treat and prevent genetic diseases. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector has become a widely used tool in gene therapy due to its high safety and transfection efficiency. Methods This study employs bibliometric analysis to explore the foundation and current state of AAV vector application in gene therapy research. A total of 6,069 publications from 1991 to 2022 were analyzed, retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) within the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of Clarivate Analytics. Institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords were analyzed and visualized by using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The R language and Microsoft Excel 365 were used for statistical analyses. Results The global literature on AAV vector and gene therapy exhibited consistent growth, with the United States leading in productivity, contributing 3,868 papers and obtaining the highest H-index. Noteworthy authors like Wilson JM, Samulski RJ, Hauswirth WW, and Mingozzi F were among the top 10 most productive and co-cited authors. The journal "Human Gene Therapy" published the most papers (n = 485) on AAV vector and gene therapy. Current research focuses on "gene editing," "gene structure," "CRISPR," and "AAV gene therapy for specific hereditary diseases." Conclusion The application of AAV vector in gene therapy has shown continuous growth, fostering international cooperation among countries and institutions. The intersection of gene editing, gene structure, CRISPR, and AAV gene therapy for specific hereditary diseases and AAV vector represents a prominent and prioritized focus in contemporary gene therapy research. This study provides valuable insights into the trends and characteristics of AAV gene therapy research, facilitating further advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haiyan Huang
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Aier Ophthalmic Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Aier Ophthalmic Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Buchanan GF. Revoking the Seize Order: Preventing Spontaneous Seizures With AAV in a CLN2 Mouse Model. Epilepsy Curr 2023; 23:386-388. [PMID: 38269343 PMCID: PMC10805085 DOI: 10.1177/15357597231200702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene Therapy Ameliorates Spontaneous Seizures Associated With Cortical Neuron Loss in a Cln2R207X Mouse Model Takahashi K, Eultgen EM, Wang S, Rensing NR, Nelvagal HR, Dearborn JT, Danos O, Buss N, Sands MS, Wong M, Cooper JD. 2023. J Clin Invest. 133(12):e165908. doi:10.1172/JCI165908 Although a disease-modifying therapy for classic late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN2 disease) exists, poor understanding of cellular pathophysiology has hampered the development of more effective and persistent therapies. Here, we investigated the nature and progression of neurological and underlying neuropathological changes in Cln2R207X mice, which carry one of the most common pathogenic mutations in human patients but are yet to be fully characterized. Long-term electroencephalography recordings revealed progressive epileptiform abnormalities, including spontaneous seizures, providing a robust, quantifiable, and clinically relevant phenotype. These seizures were accompanied by the loss of multiple cortical neuron populations, including those stained for interneuron markers. Further histological analysis revealed early localized microglial activation months before neuron loss started in the thalamocortical system and spinal cord, which was accompanied by astrogliosis. This pathology was more pronounced and occurred in the cortex before the thalamus or spinal cord and differed markedly from the staging seen in mouse models of other forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Neonatal administration of adeno-associated virus serotype 9–mediated gene therapy ameliorated the seizure and gait phenotypes and prolonged the life span of Cln2R207X mice, attenuating most pathological changes. Our findings highlight the importance of clinically relevant outcome measures for judging preclinical efficacy of therapeutic interventions for CLN2 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon F Buchanan
- Department of Neurology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
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25
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Rojsajjakul T, Hordeaux JJ, Choudhury GR, Hinderer CJ, Mesaros C, Wilson JM, Blair IA. Quantification of human mature frataxin protein expression in nonhuman primate hearts after gene therapy. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1093. [PMID: 37891254 PMCID: PMC10611776 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in human mature frataxin (hFXN-M) protein is responsible for the devastating neurodegenerative and cardiodegenerative disease of Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA). It results primarily through epigenetic silencing of the FXN gene by GAA triplet repeats on intron 1 of both alleles. GAA repeat lengths are most commonly between 600 and 1200 but can reach 1700. A subset of approximately 3% of FRDA patients have GAA repeats on one allele and a mutation on the other. FRDA patients die most commonly in their 30s from heart disease. Therefore, increasing expression of heart hFXN-M using gene therapy offers a way to prevent early mortality in FRDA. We used rhesus macaque monkeys to test the pharmacology of an adeno-associated virus (AAV)hu68.CB7.hFXN therapy. The advantage of using non-human primates for hFXN-M gene therapy studies is that hFXN-M and monkey FXN-M (mFXN-M) are 98.5% identical, which limits potential immunologic side-effects. However, this presented a formidable bioanalytical challenge in quantification of proteins with almost identical sequences. This could be overcome by the development of a species-specific quantitative mass spectrometry-based method, which has revealed for the first time, robust transgene-specific human protein expression in monkey heart tissue. The dose response is non-linear resulting in a ten-fold increase in monkey heart hFXN-M protein expression with only a three-fold increase in dose of the vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerapat Rojsajjakul
- Penn/CHOP Friedreich's Ataxia Center of Excellence and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Juliette J Hordeaux
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gourav R Choudhury
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christian J Hinderer
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Penn/CHOP Friedreich's Ataxia Center of Excellence and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Ian A Blair
- Penn/CHOP Friedreich's Ataxia Center of Excellence and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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