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Huang Z, Braunstein Z, Chen J, Wei Y, Rao X, Dong L, Zhong J. Precision Medicine in Rheumatic Diseases: Unlocking the Potential of Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:579-598. [PMID: 38622001 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy. These innovative compounds combine the precision of monoclonal antibodies with the potent cell-killing or immune-modulating abilities of attached drug payloads. This unique strategy not only reduces off-target toxicity but also enhances the therapeutic effectiveness of drugs. Beyond their well established role in oncology, ADCs are now showing promising potential in addressing the unmet needs in the therapeutics of rheumatic diseases. Rheumatic diseases, a diverse group of chronic autoimmune diseases with varying etiologies, clinical presentations, and prognoses, often demand prolonged pharmacological interventions, creating a pressing need for novel, efficient, and low-risk treatment options. ADCs, with their ability to precisely target the immune components, have emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy in this context. This review will provide an overview of the core components and mechanisms behind ADCs, a summary of the latest clinical trials of ADCs for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, and a discussion of the challenges and future prospects faced by the development of next-generation ADCs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: There is a lack of efficient and low-risk targeted therapeutics for rheumatic diseases. Antibody-drug conjugates, a class of cutting-edge therapeutic drugs, have emerged as a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for rheumatic disease. Although there is limited literature summarizing the progress of antibody-drug conjugates in the field of rheumatic disease, updating the advancements in this area provides novel insights into the development of novel antirheumatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Huang
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Jun Chen
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Yingying Wei
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Lingli Dong
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
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Pisheh L, Matis S, Taglieri M, Di Gregorio L, Benelli R, Poggi A. EGFR-Targeted Antibody-Drug Conjugate to Different Aminobisphosphonates: Direct and Indirect Antitumor Effects on Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1256. [PMID: 38610932 PMCID: PMC11011001 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody--drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising delivery system that involves linking a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to a specific drug, such as a cytotoxic agent, to target tumor cells. This new class of antitumor therapy acts as a "biological missile" that can destroy tumor cells while increasing the therapeutic index and decreasing toxicity. One of the most critical factors in ADC design is selecting a target antigen that is highly expressed on the surface of cancer cells. In this study, we conjugated Cetuximab (Cet), a monoclonal antibody that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), to aminobisphosphonates (N-BPs) such as ibandronate (IBA) or risedronate (RIS) or zoledronate (ZA). Cetuximab is administered to patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) with a wild-type (WT) EGFR transduction pathway. Also, it is well established that N-BPs can trigger the antitumor activity of Vδ2 T cells in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. The resulting ADCs were added in co-culture to assess the effect on CRC cell line proliferation and sensitivity to Vδ2 T antitumor lymphocytes in comparison with the native antibody. These assays have been performed both in conventional and 3D spheroid cultures. We found that all three ADCs can increase the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation of the WT-EGFR cell line Caco-2 while only Cet-RIS and Cet-ZA can increase the cytotoxicity mediated by Vδ2 T cells against both WT and EGFR-mutated CRC cell lines (Caco-2, DLD-1, and HCT-116). Also, the ADCs can trigger the cell proliferation of Vδ2 T cells present in peripheral blood and tumor specimens. Our findings indicate that anti-EGFR antibodies bound to N-BPs can improve the antitumor effects of the native antibody possibly increasing the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Pisheh
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.P.); (S.M.); (M.T.); (L.D.G.); (R.B.)
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serena Matis
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.P.); (S.M.); (M.T.); (L.D.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Martina Taglieri
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.P.); (S.M.); (M.T.); (L.D.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Linda Di Gregorio
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.P.); (S.M.); (M.T.); (L.D.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Roberto Benelli
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.P.); (S.M.); (M.T.); (L.D.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.P.); (S.M.); (M.T.); (L.D.G.); (R.B.)
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Feng K, Li X, Bai Y, Zhang D, Tian L. Mechanisms of cancer cell death induction by triptolide: A comprehensive overview. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24335. [PMID: 38293343 PMCID: PMC10826740 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The need for naturally occurring constituents is driven by the rise in the cancer prevalence and the unpleasant side effects associated with chemotherapeutics. Triptolide, the primary active component of "Tripterygium Wilfordii", has exploited for biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential against various tumors. Based on the recent pre-clinical investigations, triptolide is linked to the induction of death of cancerous cells by triggering cellular apoptosis via inhibiting heat shock protein expression (HSP70), and cyclin dependent kinase (CDKs) by up regulating expression of P21. MKP1, histone methyl transferases and RNA polymerases have all recently identified as potential targets of triptolide in cells. Autophagy, AKT signaling pathway and various pathways involving targeted proteins such as A-disintegrin & metalloprotease-10 (ADAM10), Polycystin-2 (PC-2), dCTP pyro-phosphatase 1 (DCTP1), peroxiredoxin-I (Prx-I), TAK1 binding protein (TAB1), kinase subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the xeroderma-pigmentosum B (XPB or ERCC3) have been exploited. Besides that, triptolide is responsible for enhancing the effectiveness of various chemotherapeutics. In addition, several triptolide moieties, including minnelide and LLDT8, have progressed in investigations on humans for the treatment of cancer. Targeted strategies, such as triptolide conjugation with ligands or triptolide loaded nano-carriers, are efficient techniques to confront toxicities associated with triptolide. We expect and anticipate that advances in near future, regarding combination therapies of triptolide, might be beneficial against cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yuzhuo Bai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Baishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baishan, 134300, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Lung Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
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Xie Y, Ding J, Gao J, Zhang J, Cen S, Zhou J. Triptolide reduces PD-L1 through the EGFR and IFN-γ/IRF1 dual signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:109993. [PMID: 36931170 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
As the principal ligand of programmed death 1 (PD-1), PD-L1 can induce the exhaustion of effector T cells and the escape of cancer cells through interacting with PD-1 in many solid malignancies. Therefore, targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has become an attractive strategy in cancer immunotherapy. However, at present, no small-molecule agents targeting PD1/PD-L1 pathways have been successfully used in clinical applications. Here, we first found that the natural product Triptolide could significantly reduce the PD-L1 expression on the surface of NSCLC cells. This down-regulation is related to the activity of EGFR signaling pathway. Moreover, the reduction of PD-L1 caused by Triptolide could be substantially rescued by IFN-γ. Furthermore, our findings suggest that Triptolide significantly inhibits the activity of the IFN-γ-JAK-STAT-IRF1 signaling axis, as evidenced by the noticeable reduction in both basal and phosphorylated levels of STAT3. Thus, in NSCLC cells, Triptolide reduces PD-L1 expression both through the EGFR and IFN-γ/JAK1/JAK2/STAT1/STAT3/IRF1 signaling pathways. The results provide new insights into the application of Triptolide in the immune checkpoints treatment of NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiwei Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Jieke Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China.
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Payload diversification: a key step in the development of antibody-drug conjugates. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:3. [PMID: 36650546 PMCID: PMC9847035 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is a fast moving class of targeted biotherapeutics that currently combines the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies with the potency of a payload consisting of cytotoxic agents. For many years microtubule targeting and DNA-intercalating agents were at the forefront of ADC development. The recent approval and clinical success of trastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu®) and sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy®), two topoisomerase 1 inhibitor-based ADCs, has shown the potential of conjugating unconventional payloads with differentiated mechanisms of action. Among future developments in the ADC field, payload diversification is expected to play a key role as illustrated by a growing number of preclinical and clinical stage unconventional payload-conjugated ADCs. This review presents a comprehensive overview of validated, forgotten and newly developed payloads with different mechanisms of action.
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Glycosylated triptolide affords a potent in vivo therapeutic activity to hepatocellular carcinoma in mouse model. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-03008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Exploring the anti-influenza virus activity of novel triptolide derivatives targeting nucleoproteins. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yang Q, Zhai X, Lv Y. A Bibliometric Analysis of Triptolide and the Recent Advances in Treating Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:878726. [PMID: 35721205 PMCID: PMC9198653 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.878726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, natural products derived from plants and their derivatives have attracted great interest in the field of disease treatment. Triptolide is a tricyclic diterpene extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii, a traditional Chinese medicine, which has shown excellent therapeutic potential in the fields of immune inflammation and cancer treatment. In this study, 1,106 Web-of-Science-indexed manuscripts and 1,160 Chinese-National-Knowledge-Infrastructure-indexed manuscripts regarding triptolide published between 2011 and 2021 were analyzed, mapping the co-occurrence networks of keywords and clusters using CiteSpace software. The research frontier and development trend were determined by keyword frequency and cluster analysis, which can be used to predict the future research development of triptolide. Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is most common in lung cancer patients, accounting for about 80% of all lung cancer patients. New evidence suggests that triptolide effectively inhibits the development and metastasis of NSCLC by the induction of apoptosis, reversion of EMT, and regulation of gene expression. Specifically, it acts on NF-κB, MAPKs, P53, Wnt/β-catenin, and microRNAs (miRNAs), signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Consequently, this article reviews the research progress of the anti-NSCLC effect of triptolide. In addition, attenuated studies on triptolide and the potential of tumor immunotherapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Lv
- *Correspondence: Xuejia Zhai, ; Yi Lv,
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Cao Z, Liu B, Li L, Lu P, Yan L, Lu C. Detoxification strategies of triptolide based on drug combinations and targeted delivery methods. Toxicology 2022; 469:153134. [PMID: 35202762 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. has a long history of use in Chinese medicine. Triptolide (TP), as its main pharmacological component, has been widely explored in various diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. However, due to its poor water solubility, limited therapeutic range and multi-organ toxicity, TP's clinical application has been greatly hampered. To improve its clinical potential, many attenuated drug combinations have been developed based on its toxicity mechanism and targeted delivery systems aimed at its water-solubility and structure. This review, conducted a systematic review of TP detoxification strategies including drug combination detoxification strategies from metabolic and toxic mechanisms, as well as drug delivery detoxification strategies from the prodrug strategy and nanotechnology. Many detoxification strategies have demonstrated promising potential in vitro and in vivo due to previous extensive studies on TP. Therefore, summarizing and discussing TP detoxification strategies for clinical problems can serve as a reference for developing novel TP detoxification strategies, and provide opportunities for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Cao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peipei Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lan Yan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Wei D, Mao Y, Xu Z, Chen J, Li J, Jiang B, Chen H. Site-specific construction of triptolide-based antibody-drug conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 51:116497. [PMID: 34794002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerging as efficient agents to target deliver cytotoxic drugs and reduce their off-target side effects. Triptolide has attracted attention to be used in ADC development. Herein, three rationally designed triptolide drug-linkers have been synthesized for use in site-specific construction of ADCs. Carbamates that were supposed to be more stable than carbonates were introduced to attach triptolide to the linkers. PEG and discrete PEG chains were incorporated to improve the hydrophilicity of drug-linkers. The ADCs were finally site-specifically prepared by conjugation of the drug-linkers to trastuzumab through disulfide re-bridging approach. The preliminary anti-tumor activities of these ADCs were evaluated and they displayed high potencies against HER2-targeted cancer in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wei
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yurong Mao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zili Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiakang Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiusheng Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Biao Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Hongli Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Lin HC, Li J, Cheng DD, Zhang X, Yu T, Zhao FY, Geng Q, Zhu MX, Kong HW, Li H, Yao M. Nuclear export protein CSE1L interacts with P65 and promotes NSCLC growth via NF-κB/MAPK pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 21:23-36. [PMID: 33869740 PMCID: PMC8039531 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterized with high morbidity and mortality, mainly due to frequent recurrence and metastasis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of NSCLC tumorigenesis are largely unclear. Through data mining in the ONCOMINE and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, the expression of CSE1L (chromosome segregation like 1 protein/CAS), an exportin, was identified to be significantly upregulated in NSCLC and positively associated with poor prognosis of patients. By use of in vitro and in vivo gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we found that CSE1L can promote NSCLC cell proliferation while inhibiting cell apoptosis. Through immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry experiments, we demonstrated that CSE1L interacted with RELA (named as P65) and affected its location in the nucleus. Moreover, we found that one of the mechanisms by which CSE1L promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis is through activating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. In summary, our findings indicated an oncogenic role of CSE1L in NSCLC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - D D Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - T Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - F Y Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Q Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - M X Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - H W Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - M Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Tong L, Zhao Q, Datan E, Lin GQ, Minn I, Pomper MG, Yu B, Romo D, He QL, Liu JO. Triptolide: reflections on two decades of research and prospects for the future. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:843-860. [PMID: 33146205 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2020 Triptolide is a bioactive diterpene triepoxide isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant whose extracts have been used as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive remedies for centuries. Although triptolide and its analogs exhibit potent bioactivities against various cancers, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, none of them has been approved to be used in the clinic. This review highlights advances in material sourcing, molecular mechanisms, clinical progress and new drug design strategies for triptolide over the past two decades, along with some prospects for the future course of development of triptolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tong
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Qunfei Zhao
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Emmanuel Datan
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Hunterian Building, Room 516, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China. and CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Il Minn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The CPRIT Synthesis and Drug Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76710, USA
| | - Qing-Li He
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Hunterian Building, Room 516, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Rafiq S, McKenna SL, Muller S, Tschan MP, Humbert M. Lysosomes in acute myeloid leukemia: potential therapeutic targets? Leukemia 2021; 35:2759-2770. [PMID: 34462526 PMCID: PMC8478647 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes, since their discovery, have been primarily known for degrading cellular macromolecules. However, in recent studies, they have begun to emerge as crucial regulators of cell homeostasis. They are at the crossroads of catabolic and anabolic pathways and are intricately involved in cellular trafficking, nutrient signaling, energy metabolism, and immune regulation. Their involvement in such essential cellular functions has renewed clinical interest in targeting the lysosome as a novel way to treat disease, particularly cancer. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer with a low survival probability, particularly in older patients. The genomic landscape of AML has been extensively characterized but few targeted therapies (with the exception of differentiation therapy) can achieve a long-term cure. Therefore, there is an unmet need for less intensive and more tolerable therapeutic interventions. In this review, we will give an overview on the myriad of functions performed by lysosomes and their importance in malignant disease. Furthermore, we will discuss their relevance in hematopoietic cells and different ways to potentially target them in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreoshee Rafiq
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sharon L. McKenna
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773Cancer Research, UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylviane Muller
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418692.00000 0004 0610 0264CNRS and Strasbourg University Unit Biotechnology and Cell signaling / Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS); Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France ,grid.11843.3f0000 0001 2157 9291University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mario P. Tschan
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ,TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magali Humbert
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Bern, Switzerland ,TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, Barcelona, Spain
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