1
|
Zhang MM, Hu Y, Xu J, Liu L, Lv LL. The Impact of Cellular Therapies on Gastrointestinal Diseases: Applications and Challenges. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023; 34:782-794. [PMID: 37485563 PMCID: PMC10544052 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2023.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal diseases are highly prevalent, and their burden significantly impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. Inflammatory and immune-mediated intestinal diseases usually have a chronic course without adequate therapeutic modalities. Although much has been reported to comprehend these diseases, many remain resistant and refractory to conventional treatment approaches. Therefore, recent approaches to cellular therapy using stem cells, like hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, and other cellular immunosuppressive modalities, like T-regulatory cells, were introduced and investigated in treating gastrointestinal diseases. We aimed to conduct a literature review to discuss the applications and challenges of cellular therapeutics in gastrointestinal diseases. Evidence from published clinical trials supports the safety and efficacy of cellular treatment in different immune-mediated and inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. They can offer a longer duration of remission, being able to adjust the dysregulated immune system. However, there are various challenges to be considered by future trials, including the limitations of current clinical trials, challenges in retrieval and application of these therapeutics, and their mutagenesis potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Shangcheng District People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Shangcheng District People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Shangcheng District People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Shangcheng District People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lu-Lu Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengzhou People’s Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch), Zhejiang University, Shengzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158494. [PMID: 35955628 PMCID: PMC9368934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing disease that severely affects patients’ quality of life. The exact cause of IBD is uncertain, but current studies suggest that abnormal activation of the immune system, genetic susceptibility, and altered intestinal flora due to mucosal barrier defects may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Unfortunately, IBD is currently difficult to be wholly cured. Thus, more treatment options are needed for different patients. Stem cell therapy, mainly including hematopoietic stem cell therapy and mesenchymal stem cell therapy, has shown the potential to improve the clinical disease activity of patients when conventional treatments are not effective. Stem cell therapy, an emerging therapy for IBD, can alleviate mucosal inflammation through mechanisms such as immunomodulation and colonization repair. Clinical studies have confirmed the effectiveness of stem cell transplantation in refractory IBD and the ability to maintain long-term remission in some patients. However, stem cell therapy is still in the research stage, and its safety and long-term efficacy remain to be further evaluated. This article reviews the upcoming stem cell transplantation methods for clinical application and the results of ongoing clinical trials to provide ideas for the clinical use of stem cell transplantation as a potential treatment for IBD.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohamed HT, El-Sharkawy AA, El-Shinawi M, Schneider RJ, Mohamed MM. Inflammatory Breast Cancer: The Secretome of HCMV+ Tumor-Associated Macrophages Enhances Proliferation, Invasion, Colony Formation, and Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:899622. [PMID: 35847899 PMCID: PMC9281473 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.899622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly aggressive phenotype of breast cancer that is characterized by a high incidence early metastasis. We previously reported a significant association of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA in the carcinoma tissues of IBC patients but not in the adjacent normal tissues. HCMV-infected macrophages serve as “mobile vectors” for spreading and disseminating virus to different organs, and IBC cancer tissues are highly infiltrated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that enhance IBC progression and promote breast cancer stem cell (BCSC)-like properties. Therefore, there is a need to understand the role of HCMV-infected TAMs in IBC progression. The present study aimed to test the effect of the secretome (cytokines and secreted factors) of TAMs derived from HCMV+ monocytes isolated from IBC specimens on the proliferation, invasion, and BCSC abundance when tested on the IBC cell line SUM149. HCMV+ monocytes were isolated from IBC patients during modified radical mastectomy surgery and tested in vitro for polarization into TAMs using the secretome of SUM149 cells. MTT, clonogenic, invasion, real-time PCR arrays, PathScan Intracellular Signaling array, and cytokine arrays were used to characterize the secretome of HCMV+ TAMs for their effect on the progression of SUM149 cells. The results showed that the secretome of HCMV+ TAMs expressed high levels of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 cytokines compared to HCMV- TAMs. In addition, the secretome of HCMV+ TAMs induced the proliferation, invasion, colony formation, and expression of BCSC-related genes in SUM149 cells compared to mock untreated cells. In addition, the secretome of HCMV+ TAMs activated the phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules p-STAT3, p-AMPKα, p-PRAS40, and p-SAPK/JNK in SUM149 cells. In conclusion, this study shows that the secretome of HCMV+ TAMs enhances the proliferation, invasion, colony formation, and BCSC properties by activating the phosphorylation of p-STAT3, p-AMPKα, p-PRAS40, and p-SAPK/JNK intracellular signaling molecules in IBC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Taha Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Hossam Taha Mohamed,
| | | | - Mohamed El-Shinawi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Robert J. Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mona Mostafa Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Sector of International Cooperation, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Razmara E, Bitaraf A, Karimi B, Babashah S. Functions of the SNAI family in chondrocyte-to-osteocyte development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1503:5-22. [PMID: 34403146 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Different cellular mechanisms contribute to osteocyte development. And while critical roles for members of the zinc finger protein SNAI family (SNAIs) have been discussed in cancer-related models, there are few reviews summarizing their importance for chondrocyte-to-osteocyte development. To help fill this gap, we review the roles of SNAIs in the development of mature osteocytes from chondrocytes, including the regulation of chondro- and osteogenesis through different signaling pathways and in programmed cell death. We also discuss how epigenetic factors-including DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation, and noncoding RNAs-contribute differently to both chondrocyte and osteocyte development. To better grasp the important roles of SNAIs in bone development, we also review genotype-phenotype correlations in different animal models. We end with comments about the possible importance of the SNAI family in cartilage/bone development and the potential applications for therapeutic goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Razmara
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Karimi
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang H, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Wu Z, Cui C, Cai F. Anticancer Mechanisms of Salinomycin in Breast Cancer and Its Clinical Applications. Front Oncol 2021; 11:654428. [PMID: 34381705 PMCID: PMC8350729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.654428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer among women worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Cancer cells with stem cell-like features and tumor-initiating potential contribute to drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. To achieve better clinical outcomes, it is crucial to eradicate both bulk BC cells and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Salinomycin, a monocarboxylic polyether antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces albus, can precisely kill cancer stem cells (CSCs), particularly BCSCs, by various mechanisms, including apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. There is increasing evidence that salinomycin can inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in BC and reverse the immune-inhibitory microenvironment to prevent tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, salinomycin is a promising therapeutic drug for BC. In this review, we summarize established mechanisms by which salinomycin protects against BC and discuss its future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihao Zhu
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghang Wu
- Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhong Cui
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengfeng Cai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Trailblazing perspectives on targeting breast cancer stem cells. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107800. [PMID: 33421449 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors affecting women's health worldwide. The recurrence and metastasis of BCa have made it a long-standing challenge to achieve remission-persistent or disease-undetectable clinical outcomes. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess the ability to self-renew and generate heterogeneous tumor bulk. The existence of CSCs has been found to be vital in the initiation, metastasis, therapy resistance, and recurrence of tumors across cancer types. Because CSCs grow slowly in their dormant state, they are insensitive to conventional chemotherapies; however, when CSCs emerge from their dormant state and become clinically evident, they usually acquire genetic traits that make them resistant to existing therapies. Moreover, CSCs also show evidence of acquired drug resistance in synchrony with tumor relapses. The concept of CSCs provides a new treatment strategy for BCa. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in research on breast CSCs and their association with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), plasticity of tumor cells, tumor microenvironment (TME), T-cell modulatory protein PD-L1, and non-coding RNAs. On the basis that CSCs are associated with multiple dysregulated biological processes, we envisage that increased understanding of disease sub-classification, selected combination of conventional treatment, molecular aberration directed therapy, immunotherapy, and CSC targeting/sensitizing strategy might improve the treatment outcome of patients with advanced BCa. We also discuss novel perspectives on new drugs and therapeutics purposing the potent and selective expunging of CSCs.
Collapse
|