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Baltanás FC, García-Navas R, Rodríguez-Ramos P, Calzada N, Cuesta C, Borrajo J, Fuentes-Mateos R, Olarte-San Juan A, Vidaña N, Castellano E, Santos E. Critical requirement of SOS1 for tumor development and microenvironment modulation in KRAS G12D-driven lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5856. [PMID: 37730692 PMCID: PMC10511506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of genetic ablation of SOS1 or SOS2 is evaluated in a murine model of KRASG12D-driven lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). SOS2 ablation shows some protection during early stages but only SOS1 ablation causes significant, specific long term increase of survival/lifespan of the KRASG12D mice associated to markedly reduced tumor burden and reduced populations of cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages and T-lymphocytes in the lung tumor microenvironment (TME). SOS1 ablation also causes specific shrinkage and regression of LUAD tumoral masses and components of the TME in pre-established KRASG12D LUAD tumors. The critical requirement of SOS1 for KRASG12D-driven LUAD is further confirmed by means of intravenous tail injection of KRASG12D tumor cells into SOS1KO/KRASWT mice, or of SOS1-less, KRASG12D tumor cells into wildtype mice. In silico analyses of human lung cancer databases support also the dominant role of SOS1 regarding tumor development and survival in LUAD patients. Our data indicate that SOS1 is critically required for development of KRASG12D-driven LUAD and confirm the validity of this RAS-GEF activator as an actionable therapeutic target in KRAS mutant LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C Baltanás
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/"Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville and Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Rósula García-Navas
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-Ramos
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nuria Calzada
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Cuesta
- Lab 5. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Borrajo
- Departament of Biomedical Sciences and Diagnostic, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rocío Fuentes-Mateos
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andrea Olarte-San Juan
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nerea Vidaña
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Esther Castellano
- Lab 5. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Lab 1. Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer Molecular and Cellular Biology, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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2
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Chetverina D, Vorobyeva NE, Gyorffy B, Shtil AA, Erokhin M. Analyses of Genes Critical to Tumor Survival Reveal Potential 'Supertargets': Focus on Transcription. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113042. [PMID: 37297004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of mechanisms that underlie the biology of individual tumors is aimed at the development of personalized treatment strategies. Herein, we performed a comprehensive search of genes (termed Supertargets) vital for tumors of particular tissue origin. In so doing, we used the DepMap database portal that encompasses a broad panel of cell lines with individual genes knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. For each of the 27 tumor types, we revealed the top five genes whose deletion was lethal in the particular case, indicating both known and unknown Supertargets. Most importantly, the majority of Supertargets (41%) were represented by DNA-binding transcription factors. RNAseq data analysis demonstrated that a subset of Supertargets was deregulated in clinical tumor samples but not in the respective non-malignant tissues. These results point to transcriptional mechanisms as key regulators of cell survival in specific tumors. Targeted inactivation of these factors emerges as a straightforward approach to optimize therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Chetverina
- Group of Epigenetics, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Nadezhda E Vorobyeva
- Group of Dynamics of Transcriptional Complexes, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Balazs Gyorffy
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexander A Shtil
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Maksim Erokhin
- Group of Chromatin Biology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
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Luo G, Wang B, Hou Q, Wu X. Development of Son of Sevenless Homologue 1 (SOS1) Modulators To Treat Cancers by Regulating RAS Signaling. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4324-4341. [PMID: 36987571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Son of sevenless homologue 1 (SOS1) protein is universally expressed in cells and plays an important role in the RAS signaling pathway. Specifically, this protein interacts with RAS in response to upstream stimuli to promote guanine nucleotide exchange in RAS and activates the downstream signaling pathways. Thus, targeting SOS1 is a new approach for treating RAS-driven cancers. In this Perspective, we briefly summarize the structural and functional aspects of SOS1 and focus on recent advances in the discovery of activators, inhibitors, and PROTACs that target SOS1. This review aims to provide a timely and updated overview on the strategies for targeting SOS1 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmei Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Bingrui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiangqiang Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Lam KK, Wong SH, Cheah PY. Targeting the 'Undruggable' Driver Protein, KRAS, in Epithelial Cancers: Current Perspective. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040631. [PMID: 36831298 PMCID: PMC9954350 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes recent development in synthetic drugs and biologics targeting intracellular driver genes in epithelial cancers, focusing on KRAS, and provides a current perspective and potential leads for the field. Compared to biologics, small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) readily penetrate cells, thus being able to target intracellular proteins. However, SMIs frequently suffer from pleiotropic effects, off-target cytotoxicity and invariably elicit resistance. In contrast, biologics are much larger molecules limited by cellular entry, but if this is surmounted, they may have more specific effects and less therapy-induced resistance. Exciting breakthroughs in the past two years include engineering of non-covalent KRAS G12D-specific inhibitor, probody bispecific antibodies, drug-peptide conjugate as MHC-restricted neoantigen to prompt immune response by T-cells, and success in the adoptive cell therapy front in both breast and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen Kuen Lam
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | | | - Peh Yean Cheah
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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5
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Yin Z, Liao M, Yan R, Li G, Ou R, Liu Z, Zhong Q, Shen H, Zhu Y, Xie S, Zhang Q, Liu S, Huang J. Transcriptome- and metabolome-based candidate mechanism of BCR-ABL-independent resistance to olverembatinib in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:53. [PMID: 36717477 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Olverembatinib represents the third-generation breakpoint cluster region protein-Abelson-murine leukemia 1 (BCR-ABL1) tyrosine kinase inhibitor with oral bioavailability, which can be used to overcome the T315I mutation in Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph +) leukemia. BCR-ABL-independent resistance to olverembatinib has been reported among patients in various clinical cases. However, the mechanism of olverembatinib resistance has rarely been reported. This study has illustrated bone marrow cell transcriptome and metabolome profiles among Ph + acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) cases pre- and post-olverembatinib resistance. The transcriptome studies demonstrated that PI3K/AKT, purine metabolism, and other signaling pathways could play a vital role in olverembatinib resistance. As suggested by metabolomics, olverembatinib resistance in Ph + ALL was associated with purine metabolism alterations. Subsequently, high-performance liquid chromatography along with real-time quantitative PCR was utilized to measure purine metabolism-related mRNA levels and metabolism expression levels between olverembatinib resistance and sensitive cell lines. Our results elucidate the mechanism of olverembatinib resistance in Ph + ALL at transcriptome and metabolome levels, which facilitate a better understanding of olverembatinib resistance and hence may prove crucial in identifying novel drugs to tackle this conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yin
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Xin Gang Zhong Road 466#, Haizhu Distict, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Meiyan Liao
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Xin Gang Zhong Road 466#, Haizhu Distict, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Rongrong Yan
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Xin Gang Zhong Road 466#, Haizhu Distict, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Guangchao Li
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Xin Gang Zhong Road 466#, Haizhu Distict, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Ruiming Ou
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Xin Gang Zhong Road 466#, Haizhu Distict, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Xin Gang Zhong Road 466#, Haizhu Distict, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Xin Gang Zhong Road 466#, Haizhu Distict, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Huijuan Shen
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Xin Gang Zhong Road 466#, Haizhu Distict, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Yangmin Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Xin Gang Zhong Road 466#, Haizhu Distict, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Shuangfeng Xie
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Yanjiang West Road 107#, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Xin Gang Zhong Road 466#, Haizhu Distict, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Xin Gang Zhong Road 466#, Haizhu Distict, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Xin Gang Zhong Road 466#, Haizhu Distict, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
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The Role of Organic Cation Transporters in the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug-Drug Interactions of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032101. [PMID: 36768423 PMCID: PMC9917293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) decisively contributed in revolutionizing the therapeutic approach to cancer, offering non-invasive, tolerable therapies for a better quality of life. Nonetheless, degree and duration of the response to TKI therapy vary depending on cancer molecular features, the ability of developing resistance to the drug, on pharmacokinetic alterations caused by germline variants and unwanted drug-drug interactions at the level of membrane transporters and metabolizing enzymes. A great deal of approved TKIs are inhibitors of the organic cation transporters (OCTs). A handful are also substrates of them. These transporters are polyspecific and highly expressed in normal epithelia, particularly the intestine, liver and kidney, and are, hence, arguably relevant sites of TKI interactions with other OCT substrates. Moreover, OCTs are often repressed in cancer cells and might contribute to the resistance of cancer cells to TKIs. This article reviews the OCT interactions with approved and in-development TKIs reported in vitro and in vivo and critically discusses the potential clinical ramifications thereof.
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Yin Z, Li F, Zhou Q, Zhu J, Liu Z, Huang J, Shen H, Ou R, Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Liu S. A ferroptosis-related gene signature and immune infiltration patterns predict the overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia patients. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:959738. [PMID: 36046602 PMCID: PMC9421034 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.959738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an effective strategy, but currently, there are very limited therapeutic targets for AML treatment. Ferroptosis is strongly related to drug resistance and carcinogenesis. However, there are few reports about ferroptosis in AML. This article explores the relationship between ferroptosis-related gene (FRG) expression and prognosis in AML patients from the FerrDb and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. The ferroptosis-related gene ARNTL was observed to have high expression and poor prognosis in AML. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis revealed the predictive accuracy of the signature. The area under the time-dependent ROC curve (AUC) was 0.533 at one year, 0.619 at two years, and 0.622 at three years within the training cohort. Moreover, we found that the ARNTL expression is closely associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells like the macrophages and NK cells. Inhibiting the ARNTL expression suppressed colony formation and induced ferroptosis in AML cells. Overall, the survival prediction model constructed based on ARNTL accurately predicted the survival in AML patients, which could be a potential candidate for diagnosing and treating AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruiming Ou
- *Correspondence: Ruiming Ou, ; Yangmin Zhu, ; Qing Zhang, ; Shuang Liu,
| | - Yangmin Zhu
- *Correspondence: Ruiming Ou, ; Yangmin Zhu, ; Qing Zhang, ; Shuang Liu,
| | - Qing Zhang
- *Correspondence: Ruiming Ou, ; Yangmin Zhu, ; Qing Zhang, ; Shuang Liu,
| | - Shuang Liu
- *Correspondence: Ruiming Ou, ; Yangmin Zhu, ; Qing Zhang, ; Shuang Liu,
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Gómez C, Garcia-Navas R, Baltanás FC, Fuentes-Mateos R, Fernández-Medarde A, Calzada N, Santos E. Critical Requirement of SOS1 for Development of BCR/ABL-Driven Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163893. [PMID: 36010887 PMCID: PMC9406065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p210BCR/ABL oncoprotein is necessary and sufficient to trigger chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in mice. Our prior in vitro studies showing that the ABL-mediated phosphorylation of SOS1 promotes RAC activation and contributes to BCR-ABL leukemogenesis suggested the significant role of SOS1 in the development of CML. To provide direct in vivo experimental evidence of the specific contribution of SOS1 to the development of CML, here, we analyzed the effect of the direct genetic ablation of SOS1 or SOS2 on the genesis of p210BCR/ABL -driven CML in mice. Our data showed that direct SOS1 genetic ablation causes the significant suppression of all the pathological hallmarks typical of CML, demonstrating that SOS1 deficiency is protective against CML development and identifying this cellular GEF as a relevant, novel therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of this hematological malignancy. Abstract We showed previously that the ABL-mediated phosphorylation of SOS1 promotes RAC activation and contributes to BCR-ABL leukemogenesis, suggesting the relevant role of SOS1 in the pathogenesis of CML. To try and obtain direct experimental evidence of the specific mechanistic implication of SOS1 in CML development, here, we combined a murine model of CML driven by a p210BCR/ABL transgene with our tamoxifen-inducible SOS1/2-KO system in order to investigate the phenotypic impact of the direct genetic ablation of SOS1 or SOS2 on the pathogenesis of CML. Our observations showed that, in contrast to control animals expressing normal levels of SOS1 and SOS2 or to single SOS2-KO mice, p210BCR/ABL transgenic mice devoid of SOS1 presented significantly extended survival curves and also displayed an almost complete disappearance of the typical hematological alterations and splenomegaly constituting the hallmarks of CML. SOS1 ablation also resulted in a specific reduction in the proliferation and the total number of colony-forming units arising from the population of bone marrow stem/progenitor cells from p210BCR/ABL transgenic mice. The specific blockade of CML development caused by SOS1 ablation in p210BCR/ABL mice indicates that SOS1 is critically required for CML pathogenesis and supports the consideration of this cellular GEF as a novel, alternative bona fide therapeutic target for CML treatment in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Gómez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain or
| | - Rósula Garcia-Navas
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain or
| | - Fernando C. Baltanás
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain or
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Fuentes-Mateos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain or
| | - Alberto Fernández-Medarde
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain or
| | - Nuria Calzada
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain or
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-923294801; Fax: +34-923294750
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