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Šlapeta J, Ward MP. Embedding research and enquiry in Australian DVM curriculum. Aust Vet J 2024; 102:324-328. [PMID: 38653562 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Research and enquiry (R&E) is an integral part of veterinary training. It is a foundation of evidence-based practice. In the University of Sydney Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree R&E culminates in a cap-stone experience in Year 3: a 'professionally focused project', a student-driven and academic supported individual research project. The project provides an authentic experience within a veterinary discipline. Students work with an academic advisor who provides guidance for developing and achieving meaningful educational and professional goals. Successful advising depends upon a shared understanding of, and commitment to, the advising process by students, advisors and the university. The R&E mission can be broadly defined as - veterinarians recognise that evidence-based approach to practice, which is based on the scientific method, leads to the generation of new knowledge that underpins the veterinary medical profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Šlapeta
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Dopelt K, Amar A, Yonatan N, Davidovitch N. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use and Resistance: A Cross-Sectional Study among Students in Israel. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1028. [PMID: 37370347 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to human health, food security, and development. This study aimed to examine the level of knowledge and awareness regarding antibiotic resistance while comparing students from health sciences to students in other disciplines. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the "antibiotic resistance" questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. A total of 371 students participated in the study. All respondents had taken antibiotics in the past. A tenth had taken them on their own without a prescription, and 14% had not received an explanation regarding the use of antibiotics. The average for the knowledge questions was 15.49 ± 5.35 (out of 27). Many students mistakenly associated antibiotics with viral diseases. Despite these misconceptions, there was a high level of awareness and understanding regarding the ways to treat antibiotic resistance. Still, the awareness of the severity of antibiotic resistance was not high. Differences were found between the disciplines in general knowledge and the level of awareness and understanding about the ways to treat antibiotic resistance, where health science students had the highest scores, followed by social science students and finally, computer and management students. No differences were found in the perception of the severity of the phenomenon. This information is essential to developing educational interventions to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antibiotic use among students, especially those unrelated to the health sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Dopelt
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 84105, Israel
- Department of Public Health, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon 78211, Israel
| | - Almog Amar
- Department of Public Health, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon 78211, Israel
| | - Nickol Yonatan
- Department of Public Health, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon 78211, Israel
| | - Nadav Davidovitch
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva 84105, Israel
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Allerton F, Russell J. Antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine: a review of online resources. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2023; 5:dlad058. [PMID: 37251304 PMCID: PMC10214461 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An awareness of antimicrobial resistance and stewardship is important for all prescribers from a One-Health perspective. Educational resources have been created to help veterinary practitioners and encourage an optimized approach to their antimicrobial use. Objectives To support veterinarians to select the most appropriate educational resource to meet their personal learning goals in relation to veterinary antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). Methods Modular online platforms, developed to promote AMS in veterinary practice (farm and companion animal), were reviewed and key features highlighted, including the required time commitment, resource type, focus and source as well as a subjective evaluation of resource accessibility (according to prior knowledge base). Results Five different online courses are described in this educational resource review: Antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary practice; Farm Vet Champions; Farmed Animal Antimicrobial Stewardship Initiative (FAAST); the Pathway of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) for a veterinary services professional; and the VetAMS online learning program. Each of these tools introduces users to key themes of veterinary AMS. Upon completion of any of the courses practitioners should feel confident to assume an active role as proponents of rational antimicrobial use. Significant differences between resources, relating to the focus (companion or farm animal), scope and depth of material covered, are recognized reflecting their respective target audiences. Conclusions Several informative and accessible resources, centred on the core principles of veterinary AMS, were reviewed. Key features have been highlighted to inform and guide resource-users towards the most appropriate tool for them. Greater engagement with these educational resources will hopefully contribute to improved antimicrobial prescribing among veterinarians and greater awareness of the importance of stewardship for the profession.
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Sun R, Cummings KJ, Beukema A, Hinckley-Boltax AL, Korich JA, Cazer CL. Veterinary Students' Knowledge and Awareness of Antimicrobial Stewardship before and after Clinical Rotations. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023:e20220125. [PMID: 37104468 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2022-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Given the global threat of antimicrobial resistance, it is imperative that veterinary graduates are effective antimicrobial stewards. Veterinary students learn the principles of antimicrobial stewardship explicitly, through pre-clinical coursework, and implicitly, through the cases they each encounter on clinical rotations. We aimed to understand the influence of pre-clinical versus clinical learning on veterinary students' knowledge and awareness of antimicrobial concepts to guide efforts to improve instruction in these areas. To assess knowledge acquisition and to explore student perceptions of antimicrobial stewardship, a standardized online survey was administered to Cornell University veterinary students at two timepoints: in August 2020 before clinical rotations (N = 26 complete responses and N = 24 partial responses) and again in May 2021 after their clinical rotations (N = 17 complete responses and N = 6 partial responses). Overall and section-specific confidence and knowledge scores were calculated, using pairwise deletion for incomplete responses. Students generally had low confidence in antimicrobial topics and correctly answered only half of knowledge questions correctly; they performed the best on antimicrobial resistance knowledge questions. There were no significant differences in knowledge or confidence after clinical rotations. On average, students had only read one antimicrobial stewardship guideline. Students reported that human health care providers contributed more to antimicrobial resistance than veterinarians. In conclusion, graduating veterinary students at our institution have significant knowledge gaps in critical principles that are essential to become antimicrobial stewards. Explicit instruction in antimicrobial stewardship is necessary in the pre-clinical and clinical coursework, and the practical use of antimicrobial stewardship guidelines should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruinan Sun
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Kevin J Cummings
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Andrea Beukema
- Educational Support Services, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Ariana L Hinckley-Boltax
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Grafton, MA USA
| | - Jodi A Korich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Casey L Cazer
- Department of Population Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA. Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY USA
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Attitudes towards Use of High-Importance Antimicrobials—A Cross-Sectional Study of Australian Veterinarians. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111589. [DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The timely implementation of antimicrobial stewardship interventions could delay or prevent the development of higher levels of antimicrobial resistance in the future. In food-producing animals in Australia, high-importance antimicrobials, as rated by the Australian Strategic and Technical Advisory Group (ASTAG), include virginiamycin and third-generation cephalosporins (in individual pigs or cattle). The use of high-importance antimicrobials in companion animals is more widespread and less regulated. There is no national antimicrobial use surveillance system for animals in Australia. Consequently, there is a gap in the knowledge about reasonable use across all sectors of veterinary practice. This study explored attitudes towards the use in veterinary medicine of antimicrobials with high importance to human health, and determined levels of agreement about the introduction of restrictions or other conditions on this use. An online survey was distributed via social media and email from June to December 2020 to veterinarians working in Australia. Of the 278 respondents working in clinical practice, 49% had heard of the ASTAG rating system, and 22% used a traffic light system for antimicrobial importance in their practice. Overall, 61% of participants disagreed that veterinarians should be able to prescribe high-importance antimicrobials without restrictions. If there were to be restrictions, there was most agreement amongst all respondents for only restricting high-importance antimicrobials (73%). There is a need for education, guidance, and practical support for veterinarians for prescribing high-importance antimicrobials alongside any restrictions.
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Arshad H, Gillani AH, Akbar J, Abbas H, Bashir Ahmed A, Gillani SNH, Anum R, Ji W, Fang Y. Knowledge on Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogens, Antibiotic Use and Self-Reported Adherence to Antibiotic Intake: A Population-Based Cross Sectional Survey From Pakistan. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903503. [PMID: 35712718 PMCID: PMC9194673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Surveying public awareness of antibiotic use and antibiotics can identify factors relevant to the design of effective educational campaigns. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to antibiotic use and multidrug-resistant pathogens in the general population in Pakistan. Research Design and Methods: Cross-sectional survey was conducted, using a 60 itemed structured questionnaire and recruited individuals by convenient sampling from the general population in the four provinces of the country. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the responses and the chi squared statistic was used to assess differences between groups. Results: The response rate was 87.6% (6,684 out of 7,631 individuals). Half of the respondents had received at least one prescription of antibiotics in the 6 months preceding the survey. Knowledge about antibiotic use, (39.8%) individuals scored above the mean (≥3) showed good knowledge about antibiotic use. Urban residents and male showed significant higher knowledge (p < 0.001) about antibiotic use. Approximately 50% of the respondents correctly answered the question about antibiotic resistance. Of the 3,611 received antibiotics, 855 (23.7%) were indicated for cough, 497 (13.8%) for a sore throat, 335 (9.3%) for ear ache, 665 (18.4%) for a burning sensation during urination, 667 (18.4%) for wounds or soft tissue inflammation. MDR pathogen was perceived as an important topic by (4,010) 60.1% of respondents. Conclusion: Participants were aware of the problem of multidrug-resistant pathogens and understood the responsibility of each individual to avoid the spread of these infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Drug Safety and Policy Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hassan Gillani
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Drug Safety and Policy Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jamshaid Akbar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Huda Abbas
- Department of Community Medicine Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Wenjing Ji
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Drug Safety and Policy Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Drug Safety and Policy Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Sun H, Liu Y, Zeng T, Li G, Tao Z, Zhou X, Wen J, Chen X, Xu W, Lu L, Cao H. Effects of Coated Sodium Butyrate and Polysaccharides From Cordyceps cicadae on Intestinal Tissue Morphology and Ileal Microbiome of Squabs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:813800. [PMID: 35310408 PMCID: PMC8931417 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.813800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of coated sodium butyrate (CSB) and polysaccharides extracted from Cordyceps cicadae (CCP) on growth performance, intestinal tissue morphology and ileum microbiome in squabs. A total of 420 1-day-old squabs were randomly divided into seven groups with 5 replicates each and 12 squabs per replicate. The squabs were fed basal diet (control group) and basal diet supplemented with different levels of CSB (275, 550, and 1,100 mg/kg, groups CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100) and CCP (27.5, 55, and 110 mg/kg, groups CCP-27.5, CCP-55, and CCP-110), respectively. The experiment was conducted for 28 days. The results revealed that the final BW and average daily gain concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in squabs of CSB-275 and CCP-110 groups than those in the CON group. Comparing with control group, the squabs in the groups CSB-275, CSB-550, and CCP-55 obtained higher villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) of the duodenum and higher VH of the jejunum (P < 0.05). Operational taxonomic units in the groups CSB-550 and CCP-27.5 were also increased (P < 0.05). Regarding the relative abundance of flora, the Actinobacteria abundance in the groups CSB-550, CSB-1100, and CCP-55 were higher than in control group (P < 0.05), and the Aeriscardovia abundance of CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100, and CCP-110 were elevated (P < 0.05). However, the Enterococcus abundance in CSB-275, CSB-550, CSB-1100, and CCP-27.5 decreased (P < 0.05). In summary, results obtained in the present study indicate that CSB and CCP can improve growth performance, intestinal microbial balance and gut health of squabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxue Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Zhejiang Animal Husbandary Promotion Station, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqin Li
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Tao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- Huzhou Huajia Special Breeding Co.Ltd, Huzhou, China
| | - Jihui Wen
- Aofeng Pigeon Industry in Pingyang County, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Aofeng Pigeon Industry in Pingyang County, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lizhi Lu
| | - Hongguo Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Hongguo Cao
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