1
|
Sealey JE, Hammond A, Reyher KK, Avison MB. One health transmission of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli and risk factors for their excretion by dogs living in urban and nearby rural settings. One Health 2023; 17:100640. [PMID: 38024284 PMCID: PMC10665141 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rates of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli, a key opportunistic human pathogen, are problematic. Taking a One Health approach, we investigated the excretion of fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) E. coli by 600 dogs (303 from rural and 297 from urban environments) recruited from a 50 × 50 km region where we have also surveyed FQ-R E. coli from cattle and from human urine. FQ-R E. coli were detected in faeces from 7.3% (rural) and 11.8% (urban) of dogs. FQ-R E. coli from rural dogs tended to be of sequence types (STs) commonly excreted by cattle, whilst those from urban dogs tended to carry plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, common in human E. coli in our study region. Phylogenetic evidence was obtained for sharing FQ-R E. coli - particularly for STs 10, 162 and 744 - between cattle, dogs and humans. Epidemiological analysis showed a strong association between feeding dogs uncooked meat and the excretion of FQ-R E. coli, particularly for STs 10, 162 and 744. This practice, therefore, could serve as a transmission link for FQ-R E. coli from farmed animals entering the home so we suggest that dogs fed uncooked meat should be handled and housed using enhanced hygiene practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E. Sealey
- University of Bristol School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Hammond
- University of Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, United Kingdom
| | - Kristen K. Reyher
- University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew B. Avison
- University of Bristol School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sealey JE, Saunders R, Horspool T, Barrows MG, Avison MB. Molecular ecology of highest priority critically important antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli from mammals housed at an urban zoo. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:1667-1671. [PMID: 37248666 PMCID: PMC10320166 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Zoos are environments where species of highly valued animals are kept largely separated from others and the wider world. We report the molecular ecology of critically important antibiotic resistant (ABR) Escherichia coli carried by 28 mammalian species housed in a zoo located in an urban residential district. METHODS Over 3 months we collected 167 faecal samples from captive mammals and processed for E. coli resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC-R) and fluoroquinolones (FQ-R). Isolates were sequenced using Illumina. RESULTS We identified high rates of faecal sample-level positivity, with 50%, 57% and 36% of mammalian species excreting 3GC-R, FQ-R or dual 3GC-R/FQ-R E. coli, respectively. Isolates represented multiple ST and ABR mechanisms; CTX-M-15 and CMY-2 dominated for 3GC-R, and target-site mutation caused 75% of FQ-R. We identified multiple examples of ABR E. coli transmission between mammalian species in separate enclosures, and a variant of the epidemic plasmid pCT within the zoo. There was no evidence for ABR E. coli leaving the zoo, based on comparative analysis with E. coli from humans, cattle and dogs isolated from the 50 × 50 km region in which the zoo is located. Amoxicillin/clavulanate was the most widely used antibiotic in the zoo, and we identified four widely disseminated amoxicillin/clavulanate resistance mechanisms, including a previously unreported inhibitor-resistant TEM, and the carbapenemase OXA-181. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the zoo studied here is a 'melting pot' for the selection and circulation of 3GC-R and FQ-R E. coli, but these circulating E. coli appear captive within the zoo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Sealey
- University of Bristol School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Richard Saunders
- Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol Zoo Gardens, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 3HA, UK
| | - Teresa Horspool
- Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol Zoo Gardens, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 3HA, UK
| | - Michelle G Barrows
- Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol Zoo Gardens, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 3HA, UK
| | - Matthew B Avison
- University of Bristol School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The risks of raw food diets for pets. Vet Rec 2022; 191:386-388. [DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
4
|
Sealey JE, Hammond A, Mounsey O, Gould VC, Reyher KK, Avison MB. Molecular ecology and risk factors for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli carriage by dogs living in urban and nearby rural settings. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:2399-2405. [PMID: 35858661 PMCID: PMC9410662 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare faecal third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) Escherichia coli isolates from dogs living in a city and in a rural area ∼30 km away; to compare isolates from dogs, cattle and humans in these regions; and to determine risk factors associated with 3GC-R E. coli carriage in these two cohorts of dogs. Methods Six hundred dogs were included, with faecal samples processed to recover 3GC-R E. coli using 2 mg/L cefotaxime. WGS was by Illumina and risk factor analyses were by multivariable linear regression using the results of an owner-completed survey. Results 3GC-R E. coli were excreted by 20/303 rural and 31/297 urban dogs. The dominant canine 3GC-R ST was ST963 (blaCMY-2), which also accounted for 25% of CMY-2-producing E. coli in humans. Phylogenetic overlap between cattle and rural dog CTX-M-14-producing E. coli ST117 was observed as well as acquisition of pMOO-32-positive E. coli ST10 by a rural dog, a plasmid common on cattle farms in the area. Feeding raw meat was associated with carrying 3GC-R E. coli in rural dogs, but not in urban dogs, where swimming in rivers was a weak risk factor. Conclusions Given clear zoonotic potential for resistant canine E. coli, our work suggests interventions that may reduce this threat. In rural dogs, carriage of 3GC-R E. coli, particularly CTX-M producers, was phylogenetically associated with interaction with local cattle and epidemiologically associated with feeding raw meat. In urban dogs, sources of 3GC-R E. coli appear to be more varied and include environments such as rivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Sealey
- University of Bristol School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Ashley Hammond
- University of Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Oliver Mounsey
- University of Bristol School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Virginia C Gould
- University of Bristol School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.,University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Kristen K Reyher
- University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Matthew B Avison
- University of Bristol School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
More SJ, Collins DM, Meunier NV, Messam LLM, Doyle R, Maguire A, Murray S, Reilly P, Lawler C. Understanding the dog population in the Republic of Ireland: insight from existing data sources? Ir Vet J 2022; 75:16. [PMID: 35836251 PMCID: PMC9281166 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-022-00223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliable information about national pet dog populations is an important contributor to informed decision-making, both by governments and national dog welfare organisations. In some countries, there is an improved understanding of aspects of the national pet dog population, but as yet limited published information is available in Ireland. The current study reviews the utility of existing data to inform our understanding of recent changes to the pet dog population in Ireland, including both biological and organisational processes. Results Based on national data on dog licencing and microchipping registration, pet dog numbers have remained relatively stable in recent years (ie prior to the COVID-19 pandemic). Since 2015, there has been a substantial decrease in the number of dogs managed through dog control centres. Although the completeness of the data are likely variable, there appears to be substantial, and increasing, number of dogs moving from Ireland to other countries, including UK, Sweden, Italy, Germany and Singapore. We also note an increase (albeit much smaller) in the number of dogs being moved into Ireland. Conclusions This study highlights the challenges faced when using existing national data to gain insights into the dog population of Ireland. The linking of existing national databases (individual dog identification, dog licencing, dog control statistics) has the potential to improve both the representativeness and accuracy of information about the Irish pet dog population. In the next phases of our work, we will focus on the work of dog welfare organisations, given both the increased role played by these organisations and the substantial public funding that has been committed in this sector. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13620-022-00223-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J More
- UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland. .,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland.
| | - Daniel M Collins
- UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | - Natascha V Meunier
- Animal Health Ireland, 4-5 The Archways, Carrick on Shannon, Co. Leitrim, N41 WN27, Ireland
| | - Locksley L McV Messam
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | - Rob Doyle
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Kildare St, Dublin, D02 WK12, Ireland
| | - Aiden Maguire
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Kildare St, Dublin, D02 WK12, Ireland
| | - Sean Murray
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Kildare St, Dublin, D02 WK12, Ireland
| | - Patricia Reilly
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Kildare St, Dublin, D02 WK12, Ireland
| | - Catherine Lawler
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Kildare St, Dublin, D02 WK12, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|