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Clifford Astbury C, Demeshko A, Gallo-Cajiao E, McLeod R, Wiktorowicz M, Aenishaenslin C, Cullerton K, Lee KM, Ruckert A, Viens AM, Tsasis P, Penney TL. Governance of the wildlife trade and the prevention of emerging zoonoses: a mixed methods network analysis of transnational organisations, silos, and power dynamics. Global Health 2024; 20:49. [PMID: 38902738 PMCID: PMC11188226 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-024-01055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The wildlife trade is an important arena for intervention in the prevention of emerging zoonoses, and leading organisations have advocated for more collaborative, multi-sectoral approaches to governance in this area. The aim of this study is to characterise the structure and function of the network of transnational organisations that interact around the governance of wildlife trade for the prevention of emerging zoonoses, and to assess these network characteristics in terms of how they might support or undermine progress on these issues. METHODS This study used a mixed methods social network analysis of transnational organisations. Data were collected between May 2021 and September 2022. Participants were representatives of transnational organisations involved in the governance of wildlife trade and the prevention of emerging zoonoses. An initial seed sample of participants was purposively recruited through professional networks, and snowball sampling was used to identify additional participants. Quantitative data were collected through an online network survey. Measures of centrality (degree, closeness, and betweenness) were calculated and the network's largest clique was identified and characterised. To understand the extent to which organisations were connected across sectors, homophily by sector was assessed using exponential random graph modelling. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The findings from the quantitative analysis informed the focus of the qualitative analysis. Qualitative data were explored using thematic analysis. RESULTS Thirty-seven participants completed the network survey and 17 key informants participated in semi-structured interviews. A total of 69 organisations were identified as belonging to this network. Organisations spanned the animal, human, and environmental health sectors, among others including trade, food and agriculture, and crime. Organisation types included inter-governmental organisations, non-governmental organisations, treaty secretariats, research institutions, and network organisations. Participants emphasised the highly inter-sectoral nature of this topic and the importance of inter-sectoral work, and connections were present across existing sectors. However, there were many barriers to effective interaction, particularly conflicting goals and agendas. Power dynamics also shaped relationships between actors, with the human health sector seen as better resourced and more influential, despite having historically lower engagement than the environmental and animal health sectors around the wildlife trade and its role in emerging zoonoses. CONCLUSION The network of transnational organisations focused on the governance of wildlife trade and the prevention of emerging zoonoses is highly multi-sectoral, but despite progress catalysed by the COVID-19 pandemic, barriers still exist for inter-sectoral interaction and coordination. A One Health approach to governance at this level, which has gained traction throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, was shared as a promising mechanism to support a balancing of roles and agendas in this space. However, this must involve agreement around equity, priorities, and clear goal setting to support effective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Clifford Astbury
- Global Food Systems & Policy Research, School of Global Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anastassia Demeshko
- Global Food Systems & Policy Research, School of Global Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eduardo Gallo-Cajiao
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ryan McLeod
- Global Food Systems & Policy Research, School of Global Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Wiktorowicz
- Global Food Systems & Policy Research, School of Global Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cécile Aenishaenslin
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal et du CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île- de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Kirsten M Lee
- Global Food Systems & Policy Research, School of Global Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arne Ruckert
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - A M Viens
- Global Food Systems & Policy Research, School of Global Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Tsasis
- School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarra L Penney
- Global Food Systems & Policy Research, School of Global Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Larkins A, Vannamahaxay S, Puttana V, Chittavong M, Southammavong F, Mayxay M, Boyd D, Bruce M, Ash A. Scaling up One Health: A network analysis in Lao PDR. One Health 2024; 18:100661. [PMID: 38179311 PMCID: PMC10761780 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background One Health focuses on sustainable health for humans, animals, and ecosystems. The approach has been well demonstrated, yet most efforts have not been scaled up. Understanding the organisations involved in scaling up processes is critical to translating research into practice. The Lao People's Democratic Republic has successfully implemented One Health projects for multiple decades; however, the organisational network has not been described and scaling up efforts have been limited. Methods Data from organisations involved in One Health projects over the past five years were collected by key-informant interview or workshop. The network was investigated using a mixture of quantitative network analysis and qualitative thematic analysis. Results The organisational network was quantitatively described as sparse and centralised. Organisations were required to harness pre-existing relationships to maximise scarce resources and make co-ordination and alignment of priorities more efficient. A lack of international organisations in the top 10% of resource sharing metrics suggests a potential disconnect between donors. This was reflected in the challenges faced by national organisations and a feeling of being stretched thin over numerous externally funded projects with donor-driven priorities. Conclusions It appears that high-level political support for country ownership of development and aid priorities remains unrealised. Developing network capacity and capability may assist scaling up efforts and build resilience in the network and its core organisations. This may allow for the inclusion of more development, education, environment, and water, sanitation, and hygiene organisations that were perceived to be lacking. Future One Health programmes should focus on practical activities that do not overload staff capacity. There is much for One Health to learn about the art of scaling up and organisations are encouraged to include implementation science in their research to inform future scaling up efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Larkins
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Soulasack Vannamahaxay
- Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
| | - Vannaphone Puttana
- Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
- Lao One Health University Network, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
| | - Malavanh Chittavong
- Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
- Lao One Health University Network, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
| | - Fongsamouth Southammavong
- Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
- Lao One Health University Network, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
| | - Mayfong Mayxay
- Institute of Research and Education Development, University of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Lao One Health University Network, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People’s Republic
| | - Davina Boyd
- Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Amanda Ash
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
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Joo S, Park H, Chun MS. Attitudes of South Korean consumers toward the prudent use of antimicrobials in livestock animals. One Health 2024; 18:100754. [PMID: 38770401 PMCID: PMC11103933 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock is a complicated and multi-sectoral risk that threatens public health in the interactions between humans, animals, and environment. Through their increased awareness of AMR issues, consumers can make a significant impact on regulations and strategies to reduce or eliminate the use of antimicrobials use. This study aims to provide evidence-based data for promoting the prudent use of antimicrobials (PUA) in the livestock industry to reduce the risk of AMR and increase animal welfare by identifying consumers' intentions to support PUA practices in livestock farming. An online survey was conducted on 1000 respondents in South Korea to examine their intention to pay more for PUA practices in livestock farming at state and individual levels against their pro-animal attitude, risk perception of antimicrobial overuse, trust in antimicrobial overuse control, and perceived value of PUA practices. The survey data was analyzed using multiple linear regression to identify the determinants of Korean consumers' support for PUA practices. Approximately 86.3% of the respondents supported government-level spending for PUA in livestock farming, and the same portion of respondents intended to pay more for livestock products that complied with the PUA principle. The four attitudinal variables-pro-animal attitude, consumers' risk perception, trust in antimicrobial resistance control, and perceived value of PUA-positively affected both state- and individual-level support. Overall, our findings highlight the Korean consumers' demand for reducing the risk of AMR and their perceived universal value of PUA for humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seola Joo
- Center for Animal Welfare Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyomin Park
- Department of Urban Sociology, College of Urban Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Sun Chun
- Center for Animal Welfare Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lam S, Hoffmann V, Bett B, Fèvre EM, Moodley A, Mohan CV, Meteo-Sagasta J, Nguyen-Viet H. Navigating One Health in research-for-development: Reflections on the design and implementation of the CGIAR Initiative on One Health. One Health 2024; 18:100710. [PMID: 38533195 PMCID: PMC10963858 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adopting One Health approaches is key for addressing interconnected health challenges. Yet, how to best put One Health into practice in research-for-development initiatives aiming to 'deliver impacts' remains unclear. Drawing on the CGIAR Initiative on One Health - a global initiative to address zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and food and water safety - we reflect on challenges during program conception and implementation, prompting us to suggest improvements in multisectoral collaboration, coordination, and communication. Our approach involves conducting a researcher-centered process evaluation, comprising individual interviews that are subsequently thematically analyzed and synthesized. The key takeaway is that limited time for planning processes and short program timelines compared to envisioned development impacts may impede research-for-development efforts. Yet, collaborative work can be successful when adequate time and resources are allocated for planning with minimal disruption throughout implementation. Additionally, due to the multifaceted nature of One Health initiatives, it is important to pay attention to co-benefits and trade-offs, where taking action in one aspect may yield advantages and disadvantages in another, aiding to identify sustainable One Health development pathways. Forming close partnerships with national governments and local stakeholders is essential not only to promote sustainability but also to ensure local relevance, enhancing the potential for meaningful impact. Finally, regularly assessing progress toward development goals is critical as development stands as an overarching objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lam
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vivian Hoffmann
- International Food and Policy Research Institute, Washington, United States
- Department of Economics and School of Public Policy and Administration, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bernard Bett
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric M. Fèvre
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Arshnee Moodley
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Yang QE, Ma X, Zeng L, Wang Q, Li M, Teng L, He M, Liu C, Zhao M, Wang M, Hui D, Madsen JS, Liao H, Walsh TR, Zhou S. Interphylum dissemination of NDM-5-positive plasmids in hospital wastewater from Fuzhou, China: a single-centre, culture-independent, plasmid transmission study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:e13-e23. [PMID: 38006896 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global spread of plasmid-borne carbapenem resistance is an ongoing public health challenge; however, the nature of such horizontal gene transfer events among complex bacterial communities remains poorly understood. We examined the in-situ transfer of the globally dominant New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-5-positive IncX3 plasmid (denoted pX3_NDM-5) in hospital wastewater to simulate a real-world, One Health antimicrobial resistance context. METHODS For this transmission study, we tagged pX3_NDM-5 with the green fluorescent protein gene, gfp, using a CRISPR-based method and transferred the plasmid to a donor Escherichia coli strain. Bacteria were extracted from a hospital wastewater treatment plant (Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China) as the bacterial recipient community. We mixed this recipient community with the E coli donor strain carrying the gfp-tagged plasmid, both with and without sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) as an environmental stressor, and conducted several culture-based and culture-independent conjugation assays. The conjugation events were observed microscopically and quantified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We analysed the taxonomic composition of the sorted transconjugal pool by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and assessed the stability of the plasmid in the isolated transconjugants and its ability to transfer back to E coli. FINDINGS We show that the plasmid pX3_NDM-5 has a broad host range and can transfer across various bacterial phyla, including between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Although environmental stress with NaClO did not affect the overall plasmid transfer frequency, it reduced the breadth of the transconjugant pool. The taxonomic composition of the transconjugal pool was distinct from that of the recipient communities, and environmental stress modulated the permissiveness of some operational taxonomic units towards the acquisition of pX3_NDM-5. Notably, pX3_NDM-5 transconjugants included the Gram-positive pathogen Enterococcus faecalis, and the plasmid could subsequently be reconjugated back to E coli. These findings suggest that E faecalis could act as a natural shuttle vector for the wide dissemination of pX3_NDM-5 plasmids. INTERPRETATION Our culture-independent conjugation model simulates natural environmental conditions and challenges the established theory that Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria rarely exchange clinically important plasmids. The data show that plasmids disseminate more widely across genera and phyla than previously thought. These findings have substantial implications when considering the spread of antimicrobial resistance across One Health sectors. FUNDING The Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China, and the Outstanding Young Research Talents Program of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu E Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Ma
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingshuang Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Minchun Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Teng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhen He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengshi Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deng Hui
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jonas Stenløkke Madsen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanpeng Liao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Timothy R Walsh
- Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Shungui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
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Manageiro V, Caria A, Furtado C, Botelho A, Oleastro M, Gonçalves SC. Intersectoral collaboration in a One Health approach: Lessons learned from a country-level simulation exercise. One Health 2023; 17:100649. [PMID: 38116455 PMCID: PMC10728331 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intersectoral collaboration is an essential component of the One Health (OH) approach, which recognises the interconnectedness of the health of humans, animals, and the environment. The OH European Joint Programme (OHEJP) developed a national foodborne outbreak table-top simulation exercise (SimEx) to practice OH capacity and interoperability across the public health, animal health, and food safety sectors, improving OH preparedness for future disease outbreaks. The Portuguese OHEJP SimEx highlighted strengths and weaknesses regarding the roles and functions of available systems, the constraints of existing legislation, the importance of harmonisation and data sharing, and the creation of common main messages adapted to each target sector. However, there is still a long way to go to ensure cooperation among the Public Health, Animal Health, and Food Safety sectors, as a OH approach relies not only on the awareness of "field experts" but also on political and organisational willingness and commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Manageiro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- ECDC Fellowship Programme, Public Health Microbiology Path (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Caria
- Animal Health and Epidemiology Division, Directorate-General for Food and Veterinary (DGAV), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Furtado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Botelho
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Health, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Cavaco Gonçalves
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Health, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal
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Robbiati C, Milano A, Declich S, Di Domenico K, Mancini L, Pizzarelli S, D'Angelo F, Riccardo F, Scavia G, Dente MG. One health adoption within prevention, preparedness and response to health threats: Highlights from a scoping review. One Health 2023; 17:100613. [PMID: 37588423 PMCID: PMC10425384 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated, the complexity of factors involved in the emergence of health threats requires a holistic One Health (OH) approach to enhance the effectiveness of prevention, preparedness, and response (PPR) strategies. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review to explore how the OH approach has been adopted in the context of PPR strategies to health threats, and the challenges and benefits deriving from its integration. Methods We defined the research questions and a strategy to guide the peer-reviewed and grey literature search to identify relevant articles and documents (identification). We assessed them for eligibility according to predefined criteria (screening) and finally included the ones that answered the research questions (inclusion). We performed a descriptive and thematic analysis of the results. Results A total of 138 records were included in the review (57 from the peer-reviewed literature and 81 from the grey literature). The OH approach was mainly adopted in prevention strategies, particularly within the governance area. Human and animal health were the most integrated disciplines in the OH approach, while environmental and social sciences were the less integrated. The most targeted threats were antimicrobial resistance and zoonoses, with the African region being the most represented. Conducive factors for the adoption of OH PPR strategies were identified in resolutions and guidance emanating from international organisations. Discussion The global governance of OH should utilise conducive factors, such as international resolutions and guidance, to enhance the adoption of multisectoral and multi-actor PPR strategies, that focus on national and international priorities and neglected threats, such as environmental hazards and pandemic risk. Integrated frameworks and metrics for the implementation and evaluation of OH PPR strategies need to be consolidated to contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the adoption of the OH approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Robbiati
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), National Center for Global Health, Rome, Italy
- Public Health and Infectious Diseases Dept., Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Milano
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), National Center for Global Health, Rome, Italy
- Public Health and Infectious Diseases Dept., Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Declich
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), National Center for Global Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Kevin Di Domenico
- Public Health and Infectious Diseases Dept., Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), Environment and Health Dept., Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mancini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), Environment and Health Dept., Rome, Italy
| | - Scilla Pizzarelli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), Knowledge Unit (Documentation, Library), Rome, Italy
| | - Franca D'Angelo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), National Center for Global Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Riccardo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), Infectious Diseases Dept., Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Scavia
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health Dept., Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Dente
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), National Center for Global Health, Rome, Italy
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Li OY, Wang X, Yang K, Liu D, Shi H. The approaching pilot for One Health governance index. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:16. [PMID: 36915165 PMCID: PMC10009848 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One Health approach advocates realizing the best health and harmonious symbiosis of human, animal and natural environment through cross-border, multi-sectoral and interdisciplinary cooperation. The good governance model is the leading factor for the performance of One Health governance. In order to tackle the complex problems in the One Health governance at the global level, the variation of One Health governance in different countries was analyzed by a set of indicators within the One Health system. METHOD The capacity of One Health governance was assessed after establishment of a set of indicators for the One Health governance index (OHGI) following the methodology of the global One Health index. The data to calculate OHGI was collected from various database sources, including the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Health Organization, the World Organization for Animal Health, and official health-related institutions of various countries. Eight indicators (including 19 sub-indicators) were employed in the OHGI system to comprehensively evaluate the capacity of One Health governance in 146 countries of the world. RESULTS Among the 146 countries scored in the OHGI system, the average score was 34.11, with a median score of 31.49, ranged from 8.50 to 70.28. Most countries with higher OHGI scores come from Europe and Central Asia, East Asia and the Pacific and North America, while countries with the lower OHGI scores are almost from sub-Saharan Africa. Six countries scored more than 65 points, including Australia, Sweden, Germany, Netherlands, the United States of America and Finland, indicating that these countries are relatively mature in most aspects of One Health governance. However, there were some developing countries with OHGI scored lower than 15. Therefore, the gap between countries with higher OHGI scores and those with lower OHGI scores is more than 60. CONCLUSIONS Good governance on One Health is an important indicator to measure One Health's governance capacity. The political stability, the level of rule of law and economic conditions in different regions are significantly correlated with the One Health governance capacity. Actions need to be taken urgently to close the gap of One Health governance between different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odel Y Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Legislative Research Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Law School, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - XiangCheng Wang
- School of Global Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelly Yang
- Queens College, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - DongMei Liu
- Law School, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - HuaChen Shi
- Institute of Law, Shanghai Academy of Social Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Sipahi N, Kaya E, Çelik C, Pınar O. The Characterization and Beta-Lactam Resistance of Staphylococcal Community Recovered from Raw Bovine Milk. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030556. [PMID: 36978423 PMCID: PMC10044537 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci is an opportunistic bacterial population that is permanent in the normal flora of milk and poses a serious threat to animal and human health with some virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes. This study was aimed at identifying staphylococcal species isolated from raw milk and to determine hemolysis, biofilm, coagulase activities, and beta-lactam resistance. The raw milk samples were collected from the Düzce (Türkiye) region, and the study data represent a first for this region. The characterization of the bacteria was performed with MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The presence of coa, icaB, blaZ, and mecA was investigated with PCR. A nitrocefin chromogenic assay was used for beta-lactamase screening. In this context, 84 staphylococci were isolated from 10 different species, and the dominant species was determined as S. aureus (32.14%). Although 32.14% of all staphylococci were positive for beta hemolysis, the icaB gene was found in 57.14%, coa in 46.42%, mecA in 15.47%, and blaZ in 8.33%. As a result, Staphylococcus spp. strains that were isolated from raw milk in this study contained some virulence factors at a high level, but also contained a relatively low level of beta-lactam resistance genes. However, considering the animal–environment–human interaction, it is considered that the current situation must be monitored constantly in terms of resistance concerns. It must not be forgotten that the development of resistance is in constant change among bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Sipahi
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Applied and Research Center, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Türkiye
- Correspondence:
| | - Ertugrul Kaya
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Medicine Faculty, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Türkiye;
| | - Cansu Çelik
- Food Technology Program, Food Processing Department, Vocational School of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Orhan Pınar
- Equine and Equine Training Program, Vocational School of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, Türkiye;
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