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Osman AY, Mohamed H, Mumin FI, Mahrous H, Saidouni A, Elmi SA, Adawe AK, Mo'allim AA, Lubogo M, Malik SMMR, Mwatondo A, Raji T, Ahmed AD, Zumla A, Dar O, Kock R, Mor SM. Prioritization of zoonoses for multisectoral, One Health collaboration in Somalia, 2023. One Health 2023; 17:100634. [PMID: 38024279 PMCID: PMC10665150 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human population of Somalia is vulnerable to zoonoses due to a high reliance on animal husbandry. This disease risk is exacerbated by relatively low income (poverty) and weak state capacity for health service delivery in the country as well as climate extremes and geopolitical instability in the region. To address this threat to public health efficiently and effectively, it is essential that all sectors have a common understanding of the priority zoonotic diseases of greatest concern to the country. Methods Representatives from human, animal (domestic and wildlife), agriculture, and environmental health sectors undertook a multisectoral prioritization exercise using the One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization (OHZDP) tool developed by the United States CDC. The process involved: reviewing available literature and creating a longlist of zoonotic diseases for potential inclusion; developing and weighting criteria for establishing the importance of each zoonoses; formulating categorical questions (indicators) for each criteria; scoring each disease according to the criteria; and finally ranking the diseases based on the final score. Participants then brainstormed and suggested strategic action plans to prevent, and control prioritized zoonotic diseases. Results Thirty-three zoonoses were initially considered for prioritization. Final criteria for ranking included: 1) socioeconomic impact (including sensitivity) in Somalia; 2) burden of disease in humans in Somalia); 3) availability of intervention in Somalia; 4) environmental factors/determinants; and 5) burden of disease in animals in Somalia. Following scoring of each zoonotic disease against these criteria, and further discussion of the OHZDP tool outputs, seven priority zoonoses were identified for Somalia: Rift Valley fever, Middle East respiratory syndrome, anthrax, trypanosomiasis, brucellosis, zoonotic enteric parasites (including Giardia and Cryptosporidium), and zoonotic influenza viruses. Conclusions The final list of seven priority zoonotic diseases will serve as a foundation for strengthening One Health approaches for disease prevention and control in Somalia. It will be used to: shape improved multisectoral linkages for integrated surveillance systems and laboratory networks for improved human, animal, and environmental health; establish multisectoral public health emergency preparedness and response plans using One Health approaches; and enhance workforce capacity to prevent, control and respond to priority zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdinasir Yusuf Osman
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Halima Mohamed
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Farah I. Mumin
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Red Sea University, Bosaso, Somalia
| | - Heba Mahrous
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asma Saidouni
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sharifo Ali Elmi
- Ministry of Livestock Forestry and Range, Mogadishu, Somalia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Mutaawe Lubogo
- World Health Organization, Country Office, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | | | | | - Tajudeen Raji
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Alimuddin Zumla
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Osman Dar
- Global Health Programme, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK
- Global Operations, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Richard Kock
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Siobhan M. Mor
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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